薏苡属种质资源的主要表型性状多样性研究
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摘要
对108份薏苡属种质资源的22个表型性状进行了多样性分析和分类。结果表明,全部材料涵盖了薏苡属的2个种和4个变种,除了花药色表现一致外,其他9个描述型性状(芽鞘色、叶鞘色、幼苗叶色、柱头色、幼果颜色、果壳色、喙的有无、总苞形状、总苞质地)的多样性指数在0.5519～1.6475之间,12个数值型性状(株高、着粒层、主茎粗、叶长、叶宽、总分蘖数、有效分蘖数、主茎节数、分枝节位、百粒重、粒长、粒宽)的变异系数范围为13.01%～60.09%。相关分析发现,大部分数值型性状间存在显著相关性,而主成分分析将表型性状分为5个主成分,累积贡献率为77.363%。聚类分析将108份资源划分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ主要分布在较高纬度地区,表现为植株矮小、叶片小、节数少和分枝节位低等特点;类群Ⅱ主要分布在中国的长江中下游、西南和南方地区及东南亚的较低纬度地区,表现为植株高度、茎粗、节数及叶片大小等表现中等、分蘖数偏低等特点;类群Ⅲ分布在中国西南地区,主要表现为植株茎秆高大粗壮、叶片大、节数多和分枝节位高、分蘖多、生物量大等特征。大部分材料均表现出比较明显的地域性和不同的表型特征,可以作为薏苡新品种选育和改良的优异亲本材料。
The objective of this study attempts to evaluate the diversity of Coix germplasm resources by phenotypic chracters and thus provide basis for parent selection and variety improvement.A total of 22 phenotypic traits were investigated on 108 Coix L.germplasm accessions,which contained two species and four varieties of Coix L.The genetic diversity of 9 descriptive traits(colour of coleoptile,seaf sheath,seeding leaf,stigma,young fruit,involucre,presence of involucre,involucre shape and texture)ranged from 0.5519 to 1.6475.The variation coefficients of 12 numerical characters(plant height,grain layer,stem diameter,length of leaf,width of leaf,total tillers per plant,productive tillers per plant,nodes on main stem,branching node,100-fruit weight,involucre length and involucre width)ranged from 13.01% to 60.09%.Moreover,most of numerical traits related significantly to each other,and five principle componence were extracted and simplified from the phenotypic traits with a cumulative percentage of 77.363% by principle componence analysis.By cluster analysis,these acceccsions were clarified into three groups,including:group-I,in which these accessions showed dwarf plants,smaller leaf,fewer nodes and lower branching nodes,and in which they were distributed in the higher latitude areas;group-II,in which these accessions were distributed in the lower latitude areas of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river,south and southwesr of China and southeast Asia,showing medium plant height,fewer tillers,stem diameters,nodes and branching nodes,leaf sizes there;group-III,in which the accessions were distributed in southwest of China,with the higher plants and thicker stem diameter,larger leaf size,more nodes and higher branching nodes,more tillers and higher biomass.Thus,by taking use of this collection with regional peculiarity and distinct phenotypic variation,this work might provide insight for selecting parental materials being valuable in breeding for elite adlay.
The objective of this study attempts to evaluate the diversity of Coix germplasm resources by phenotypic chracters and thus provide basis for parent selection and variety improvement.A total of 22 phenotypic traits were investigated on 108 Coix L.germplasm accessions,which contained two species and four varieties of Coix L.The genetic diversity of 9 descriptive traits(colour of coleoptile,seaf sheath,seeding leaf,stigma,young fruit,involucre,presence of involucre,involucre shape and texture)ranged from 0.5519 to 1.6475.The variation coefficients of 12 numerical characters(plant height,grain layer,stem diameter,length of leaf,width of leaf,total tillers per plant,productive tillers per plant,nodes on main stem,branching node,100-fruit weight,involucre length and involucre width)ranged from 13.01% to 60.09%.Moreover,most of numerical traits related significantly to each other,and five principle componence were extracted and simplified from the phenotypic traits with a cumulative percentage of 77.363% by principle componence analysis.By cluster analysis,these acceccsions were clarified into three groups,including:group-I,in which these accessions showed dwarf plants,smaller leaf,fewer nodes and lower branching nodes,and in which they were distributed in the higher latitude areas;group-II,in which these accessions were distributed in the lower latitude areas of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river,south and southwesr of China and southeast Asia,showing medium plant height,fewer tillers,stem diameters,nodes and branching nodes,leaf sizes there;group-III,in which the accessions were distributed in southwest of China,with the higher plants and thicker stem diameter,larger leaf size,more nodes and higher branching nodes,more tillers and higher biomass.Thus,by taking use of this collection with regional peculiarity and distinct phenotypic variation,this work might provide insight for selecting parental materials being valuable in breeding for elite adlay.
引文
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[2]杨爽,王李梅,王姝麒,郭晓江,任冬梅.薏苡化学成分及其活性综述.中草药,2011,34(8):1036-1312Yang S,Wang L M,Wang S L,Guo X J,Ren D M.Review of chemical components and its medicinal activity in Job′s Tears.Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2011,34(8):1036-1312
[3]黄亨履,陆平,朱玉兴,李英材.中国薏苡的生态型、多样性及利用价值.作物品种资源,1995(4):4-8HuangHL,LuP,Zhu YX,Li YC.Ecotypediversityand utilityvalueinChineseJob′s Tears.JournalofCrop Variety Resources,1995(4):4-8
[4]梁云涛,陈成斌,徐志健,黄娟,曾华忠,赖群珍,梁世春,罗毓喜,黄仁建.东亚薏苡遗传资源研究.广西农业科学,2008,39(4):413-418Liang Y T,Chen C B,Xu Z J,Huang J,Zeng H Z,Lai Q Z,Liang S C,Luo Y X,Huang R J.Studies on Job′s Tears genetic resources in East Asia.Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,2008,39(4):413-418
[5]梁云涛,陈成斌,梁世春,赖群珍,黄娟,徐志健.中、日、韩三国薏苡种质资源遗传多样性研究.广西农业科学,2006,37(4):341-344Liang Y T,ChenCB,LiangSC,LaiQZ,HuangJ,XuZ J.Research on genetic diversity of Job′s Tears(Coix lacrymajobiL.)germplasmfromChinaJapanandKorea.Journalof Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,2006,37(4):341-344
[6]王硕,张世鲍,何金宝,陆光著,杨志清.薏苡资源性状的主成分和聚类分析.云南农业大学学报,2013,28(2):157-162Wang S,Zhang S B,He J B,Lu G Z,Yang Z Q.The principal componentanalysisandclusteranalysisofCoixresource characteristics.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2013,28(2):157-162
[7]李春花,王艳青,卢文洁,王梨花.云南薏苡种质资源农艺性状的主成分和聚类分析.植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(2):277-281LiCH,WangYQ,LuWJ,WangLH.Theprincipal componentandclusteranalysisofagronomictraitsofCoixgermplasmresourcesin Yunnan.JournalofPlantGenetic Resources,2015,16(2):277-281
[8]金关荣,奚秀洁,程舟,陈常理,洛霞虹,李珊.薏苡种子形态性状多样性评价.植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(3):421-428Jin G R,Xi X J,Cheng Z,Chen C L,Luo X H,Li S.Evaluation of seed morphological characteristics diversity of Job′s Tears(Coix lacryma-jobi)germplasm.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2017,18(3):421-428
[9]石明,李祥栋,秦礼康.薏苡种质资源描述规范和数据标准.北京:中国农业出版社,2017:8Shi M,Li X D,Qin L K.Descriptors and data standard for Job′s Tears(Coix lacryma-jobi L.).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2017:8
[10]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志.北京:科学出版社,1997:289ChineseFloraEditorialCommittee,Chinese Academyof Sciences.Flora of China.Beijng:Science Press,1997:289
[11]兴旺,崔平,潘荣,苏宝忠.不同国家甜菜种质资源遗传多样性研究.植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(1):76-86Xing W,Cui P,Pan R,Su B Z.Genetic diversity of sugar beet fromdifferentcountries.JournalofPlantGeneticResources,2018,19(1):76-86
[12]Ma K H,Kim K H,Dixi A,Yu J W,Chung J W,Lee J H,ChoEG,Kim TS,Park YJ.Newlydevelopedpolymorphic microsatellitemarkersinJob′sTears(Coixlacryma-jobiL.).Molecular Ecology Notes,2006,6(3):689-691
[13]Ma K H,Kim K H,Dixit A,Chung I M,Gwag J K,Kim T S,Park Y J.Assessment of genetic diversity and relationships amongCoixlacryma-jobiaccessionsusingmicrosatellite markers.Biologia Plantarum,2006,54:272-278
[14]王硕,何金宝,农民英,赵继训,杨志清.薏苡种质资源的SRAP分子标记研究.中草药,2015,46(1):112-117WangS,HeJB,NongM Y,ZhaoJX,YangZQ.Research on SRAP molecular markers in germplasm resources of Coix lacryma-jobi.Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2015,46(1):112-117
[15]郭银萍,彭忠华,赵致,陈志兴,高翔,刘胜传,谢云.基于SSR标记的贵州薏苡种质资源遗传多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(2):317-320Guo Y P,Peng Z H,Zhao Z,Chen Z X,Gao X,Liu S C,Xie Y.Genetic diversity analysis of Jobs Tears germplasm resources by SSR markers in Guizhou provience.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2012,13(2):317-320
[16]夏法刚,黄金星,季彪俊,詹福杨,谢萍萍,邓邦柱,林宏,郑金贵.基于SRAP标记的薏苡种质资源遗传多样性及DNA指纹图谱构建.植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(3):413-420Xia F G,Huang J X,Ji B J,Zhan F Y,Xie P P,Deng B Z,Lin H,Zheng J G.Genetic diversity analysis and DNA fingerprint constructionofCoixlacryma-jobigermplasmresourcesby SRAPMarker.JournalofPlantGeneticResources,2017,18(3):413-420
[17]华东师范大学,上海师范学院.种子植物属种检索表.北京:人民教育出版社,1981:235EastChinaNormalUniversity,ShanghaiNormalUniversity college.Seedplantspeciesretrievalform.Beijing:People′s Education Press,1981:235
[18]乔亚科.我国薏苡属植物学名及中名的应用现状及分析.河北农业技术师范学院学报,1996,10(3):67-71Qiao Y K.The present application and the analysis of Chinese nameandthescientificnameofCoixL.inChina.Journalof Heibei Agrotecnical Teachers College,1996,10(3):67-71
[19]庄体德,潘泽惠,姚欣梅.薏苡属的遗传变异性及核型演化.植物资源与环境,1994,3(3):16-21ZhuangTD,PanZH,YaoXM.Geneticvariationand karyotypicevolutionofCoixL.inChina.JournalofPlant Resources and Environment,1994,3(3):16-21
[20]陆平,左志明.广西薏苡资源的分类研究.广西农业科学,1996(2):81-84Lu P,Zuo Z M.Study on the toxmomy of Coix L.resources in Guangxi.Journal of Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,1996(2):81-84
[21]李英材,覃祖贤.广西薏苡资源形状分析与分类.西南农业学报,1995,8(4):109-113Li YC,QinZX.CharacteranalysisofGuangxiJob′s Tears resourcesandtheirtoxmomy.SouthwestChinaJourna Agricultural Sciences,1995,8(4):109-113
[22]高微微,赵杨景,何春年.我国薏苡属植物种质资源研究概况.中草药,2006,37(2):293-295Gao W W,Zhao Y J,He C N.Survey of research on germplasm resourcesofCoixL.inChina.Chinese TraditionalandHerbal Drugs,2006,37(2):293-295
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