氨氮对异育银鲫‘中科3号’幼鱼急性毒性及肝脏抗氧化酶系统的影响
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摘要
旨在研究氨氮对异育银鲫‘中科3号’的毒理作用,为生产提供可参考的理论依据。采用水生生物毒性方法,在室内静水条件下,开展氨氮对异育银鲫‘中科3号’幼鱼的急性毒性试验,并检测各组幼鱼肝脏组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的变化情况。结果显示:异育银鲫‘中科3号’幼鱼经氨氮胁迫后,其24、48、96 h的总氨氮半致死浓度分别为276.51 mg/L、190.62 mg/L和148.62 mg/L,非离子氨半致死浓度分别为2.52 mg/L、1.74 mg/L、和1.36 mg/L;总氨氮安全浓度为14.87 mg/L,非离子氨安全浓度为0.14 mg/L。在氨氮胁迫下肝脏组织中MDA含量上升,比对照组提高了26.20%、18.68%和17.08%;而CAT和T-SOD活性则均显现先激活后抑制的趋势,高浓度、长时间氨氮胁迫对幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性影响较大,导致机体抗氧化能力的减弱。研究结果表明,异育银鲫‘中科3号’对氨氮的耐受性高于青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼和鲤鱼等其他常见大宗鱼类,但是氨氮急性胁迫破坏了幼鱼肝脏抗氧化系统,长期处于氨氮胁迫下将不利于幼鱼健康生长。
The study aims at the toxicological effect of ammonia nitrogen on Allogeneic crucian carp‘CAS Ⅲ'.The aquatic organism toxicity method was used under hydrostatic condition indoor. The acute toxicity test of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile of Allogynogenetic gibel carp‘CAS Ⅲ'was conducted, and the changes of catalase(CAT), total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in liver tissues were tested.The results showed that after ammonia nitrogen stress, the median lethal concentration(LC_(50)) of total ammonia nitrogen was 276.51 mg/L at 24 h, 190.62 mg/L at 48 h and 148.62 mg/L at 96 h, and the LC_(50) of un-ionized ammonia was 2.52 mg/L at 24 h, 1.74 mg/L at 48 h, and 1.36 mg/L at 96 h. The safe concentration of total ammonia nitrogen and un-ionized ammonia was 14.87 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, for juvenile. Under ammonia nitrogen stress, the content of MDA in the liver increased by 26.20%, 18.68% and 17.08% compare with the control(P<0.05), but CAT and T-SOD appeared to be activated at first and then inhibited, and antioxidase was induced more significantly at relatively higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen and long time exposure, and it weakened the antioxidant capacity of the body. The results reveal that ammonia tolerance of Allogynogenetic gibel carp‘CAS Ⅲ'is higher than that of Mylopharyngodon piceus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix(Valenciennes, 1844), Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, and other conventional freshwater fish. However, acute ammonia nitrogen stress damaged the liver antioxidant system and it is harmful to the health and growth of juvenile fish.
The study aims at the toxicological effect of ammonia nitrogen on Allogeneic crucian carp‘CAS Ⅲ'.The aquatic organism toxicity method was used under hydrostatic condition indoor. The acute toxicity test of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile of Allogynogenetic gibel carp‘CAS Ⅲ'was conducted, and the changes of catalase(CAT), total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in liver tissues were tested.The results showed that after ammonia nitrogen stress, the median lethal concentration(LC_(50)) of total ammonia nitrogen was 276.51 mg/L at 24 h, 190.62 mg/L at 48 h and 148.62 mg/L at 96 h, and the LC_(50) of un-ionized ammonia was 2.52 mg/L at 24 h, 1.74 mg/L at 48 h, and 1.36 mg/L at 96 h. The safe concentration of total ammonia nitrogen and un-ionized ammonia was 14.87 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, for juvenile. Under ammonia nitrogen stress, the content of MDA in the liver increased by 26.20%, 18.68% and 17.08% compare with the control(P<0.05), but CAT and T-SOD appeared to be activated at first and then inhibited, and antioxidase was induced more significantly at relatively higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen and long time exposure, and it weakened the antioxidant capacity of the body. The results reveal that ammonia tolerance of Allogynogenetic gibel carp‘CAS Ⅲ'is higher than that of Mylopharyngodon piceus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix(Valenciennes, 1844), Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, and other conventional freshwater fish. However, acute ammonia nitrogen stress damaged the liver antioxidant system and it is harmful to the health and growth of juvenile fish.
引文
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[30]梁健,金柏涛,王红权,等.氨氮对鲢鱼的急性研究[J].湖南饲料,2013(6):33-34.
[31]梁健,王红权,金柏涛,等.氨氮对草鱼幼鱼的急性毒性试验[J].科学养鱼,2013(11):50-51.
[32]李昭林,黄云,田芊芊,等.氨氮对青鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究[J].科学养鱼,2013(5):52-53.
[33]刘汉友,徐丽丽.鲤鱼氨态氮急性毒性试验[J].河北渔业,2012,1:14-15.
[34]王凡,刘海芳,赵云龙.非离子态氨对金鱼鱼种的急性毒性试验[J].水产科学,2010,29(3):175-177.
[35]潘绅,王卫民,祝东梅.氨态氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮对麦穗鱼的急性毒性研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(35):96-101.
[36]王侃,刘荭.非离子态氨及亚硝酸盐对鳜鱼苗的急性毒性试验[J].淡水渔业,1996,26(3):7-10.
[2]罗静,张亚平,朱春玲,等.鲫鱼遗传多样性的初步研究[J].遗传学报,1999,26(1):28-36.
[3]农业部渔业渔政管理局.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:25.
[4]Zhang J,Sun M,Zhou L,et al.Meiosis completion and various sperm responses lead to unisexual and sexual reproduction modes in one clone of polyploid Carassius gibelio[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5(10):10898-10912.
[5]Wang Z W,Zhu H P,Wang D,et al.A novel nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid clone formed via androgenesis in polyploid gibel carp[J].BMC Research Notes,2011,4:82-95.
[6]桂建芳.异育银鲫养殖新品种-‘中科3号’简介[J].科学养鱼,2009(5):21.
[7]Guan B,Hu W,Zhang T L,et al.Acute and chronic unionized ammonia toxicity to‘all-fish’growth hormone transgenic common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[J].Chin Sci Bull,2010,55(35):4032-4036.
[8]蔡继晗,沈奇宇,郑向勇,等.氨氮污染对水产养殖的危害及处理技术研究进展[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2010,29(2):167-172.
[9]IP Y K,Lee S M L,Wong W P,et al.Mechanisms of and defense against acute ammonia toxicity in the aquatic Chinese soft-shelled turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2008,86:185-196.
[10]Wicks B J,Randall D J.The effect of feeding and fasting on ammonia toxicity in juvenile rain bow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,59:71-82.
[11]Reddy-Lopata K,Auerswald L,Cook P.Ammonia toxicity and its effect on the growth of the South African abalone(Haliotis midae Linnaeus)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261:678-687.
[12]Wee N L J,Tang Y Y M,Cheng H T,et al.Ammonia toxicity and tolerance in the brain of the African sharptooth catfish(Clarias gariepinus)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2007,82:204-213.
[13]王昆.氨氮对鲤(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus)幼鱼部分组织及血液指标的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2007.
[14]张武肖,孙盛明,戈贤平,等.急性氨氮胁迫及毒后恢复对团头鲂幼鱼鳃、肝和肾组织结构的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(2):233-244.
[15]赵海洋.氨氮对南方鲶(Silurus meridionalis Chen)幼鱼血液生理、生化及非特异性免疫指标的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2006.
[16]韩春艳,郑清海,陈桂丹,等.氨氮胁迫对奥尼罗非鱼非特异性免疫的影响[J].南方水产科学,2014,10(3):47-52.
[17]胡毅,黄云,钟蕾,等.氨氮胁迫对青鱼幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶、组织结构及血清部分生理生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(4):538-545.
[18]李波,樊启学,张磊,等.不同溶氧水平下氨氮和亚硝酸对黄颡鱼的急性毒性研究[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(3):31-35.
[19]徐杨.尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)对氨氮和亚硝酸氮胁迫的生理响应[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[20]叶继丹,韩友文,赵吉伟,等.喹乙醇对鲤肝胰脏抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].水产学报.2004.28(3):231-235.
[21]薛凌展.温度对异育银鲫‘中科3号’胚胎发育的影响[J].福建师范大学学报:自然科学版,2014,30(4):76-83.
[22]张永江,邹勇.异育银鲫‘中科3号’苗种繁育技术[J].科学养鱼,2016,1:5-6.
[23]薛凌展,樊海平,邓志武,等.池塘网箱气体循环水培育异育银鲫‘中科3号’夏花初探[J].科学养鱼,2017,6:81-82.
[24]白海峰,袁永锋,张星朗,等.一例异育银鲫‘中科3号’出血病诊断与防治[J].科学养鱼,2017,5:71.
[25]周永欣,章宗涉.水生生物毒性试验方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1989:75-106.
[26]张力.SPSS在生物统计中的应用[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2008:152-155.
[27]Emerson K,Russo R C,Lund R E,et al.Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations:effect of pH and temperature[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,1975,32:2379-2383.
[28]强俊,徐跑,何杰,等.氨氮与拥挤胁迫对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝脏抗氧化指标的联合影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(12):1837-1848.
[29]姜会民.氨氮胁迫对黄河鲤幼鱼肝胰脏、肾脏抗氧化性的影响[J].山东大学学报:理学版,2012,47(1):17-22.
[30]梁健,金柏涛,王红权,等.氨氮对鲢鱼的急性研究[J].湖南饲料,2013(6):33-34.
[31]梁健,王红权,金柏涛,等.氨氮对草鱼幼鱼的急性毒性试验[J].科学养鱼,2013(11):50-51.
[32]李昭林,黄云,田芊芊,等.氨氮对青鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究[J].科学养鱼,2013(5):52-53.
[33]刘汉友,徐丽丽.鲤鱼氨态氮急性毒性试验[J].河北渔业,2012,1:14-15.
[34]王凡,刘海芳,赵云龙.非离子态氨对金鱼鱼种的急性毒性试验[J].水产科学,2010,29(3):175-177.
[35]潘绅,王卫民,祝东梅.氨态氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮对麦穗鱼的急性毒性研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(35):96-101.
[36]王侃,刘荭.非离子态氨及亚硝酸盐对鳜鱼苗的急性毒性试验[J].淡水渔业,1996,26(3):7-10.