基于IDAC-STPA模型的战机飞行安全性分析与评价
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摘要
针对战机飞行安全性分析不全面且缺少定量评价的问题,提出了一种新的飞行安全性分析和评价方法。首先,危险分析技术(system theoretic process analysis,STPA)可以从系统的角度分析影响战机飞行安全的风险源,基于人为可靠性动态分析(information,decision and action in crew,IDAC)模型是目前最全面的人为可靠性分析模型,结合两者的优势提出了IDAC-STPA分析方法。然后,利用该方法分析战机飞行风险源,并在此基础上建立了飞行员操纵-战机机体模型,叠加不同飞行条件下飞行参量的风险度可以得到相应机动动作的安全谱,在此基础上得到该飞行动作的风险度。最后,通过对某型战机眼镜蛇机动的安全性分析,发现该型战机飞行中的不安全控制行为和潜在风险。通过安全谱提供一种直观的分析事故演化的方法,在此基础上计算的风险度提供了一种定量分析事故演化的方法,该方法可以为飞行员的飞行训练提供一定的借鉴。
Aiming at the incomplete safety analysis and lacking qualitative analysis of fighter flight safety,a new flight safety analysis and evaluation method is proposed.The system theoretic process analysis(STPA)method can analyze the source of the risk that influences the flight safety of the fighter from the perspective of the system.The information,decision and action in crew(IDAC)model is the latest human reliability analysis model,and the IDAC-STPA analysis method is firstly proposed combining the advantages of both.Then,the IDAC-STPA method is used to analyze the fighter flight risk source,on this basis,the pilot pilot-fighter aircraft body-servo model is established.Through the superposition of the flight parameter risk in different flight situations,the safety spectrum of the flight action is obtained,and on basis of it,the flight action is obtained.Finally,through the analysis of the safety of Cobra maneuver,the unsafe behavior and potential risks in fighter flight are discovered.The safety spectrum provides an intuitive method for analyzing the evolution of accidents.Based on this,the calculated risk degree provides a quantitative analysis of the evolution of accidents.At the same time,it can provide a reference for the pilot's flight.
Aiming at the incomplete safety analysis and lacking qualitative analysis of fighter flight safety,a new flight safety analysis and evaluation method is proposed.The system theoretic process analysis(STPA)method can analyze the source of the risk that influences the flight safety of the fighter from the perspective of the system.The information,decision and action in crew(IDAC)model is the latest human reliability analysis model,and the IDAC-STPA analysis method is firstly proposed combining the advantages of both.Then,the IDAC-STPA method is used to analyze the fighter flight risk source,on this basis,the pilot pilot-fighter aircraft body-servo model is established.Through the superposition of the flight parameter risk in different flight situations,the safety spectrum of the flight action is obtained,and on basis of it,the flight action is obtained.Finally,through the analysis of the safety of Cobra maneuver,the unsafe behavior and potential risks in fighter flight are discovered.The safety spectrum provides an intuitive method for analyzing the evolution of accidents.Based on this,the calculated risk degree provides a quantitative analysis of the evolution of accidents.At the same time,it can provide a reference for the pilot's flight.
引文
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[2]VIOLETTE M G,SAFARIAN P,HAN N,et al.Transport airplane risk analysis[J].Journal of Aircraft,2015,52(2):395-402.
[3]SOETERS J L,BOER P C.Culture and flight safety in military aviation[J].The International Journal of Aviation Psychology,2000,10(2):111-133.
[4]ETHERINGTON T J,KRAMER L J,BAILEY R E,et al.Quantifying pilot contribution to flight safety for normal and non-normal airline operations[C]∥Proc.of the Digital Avionics Systems Conference,2016:1-14.
[5]ASHOKKUMAR C R,YORK G W,GRUBER S F.Fault tolerant margins for unmanned aerial vehicle flight safety[J].Journal of Intelligent&Robotic Systems,2017,88(2/4):1-14.
[6]BALACHANDRAN S,ATKINS E.Markov decision process framework for flight safety assessment and management[J].Journal of Guidance Control&Dynamics,2016,40(4):1-14.
[7]PEI B,XU H,XUE Y.Flight-safety space and cause of incident under icing conditions[J].Journal of Guidance Control&Dynamics,2017,40(11):1-8.
[8]薛源,徐浩军,胡孟权.结冰条件下人-机-环系统的飞行风险概率[J].航空学报,2016,37(11):3328-3339.XUE Y,XU H J,HU M Q.Flight risk probability of pilotaircraft-environment system under icing conditions[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(11):3328-3339.
[9]KAMMLLER F,KERBER M.Investigating airplane safety and security against insider threats using logical modeling[C]∥Proc.of the Security and Privacy Workshops,2016:304-313.
[10]MINDOCK J,LUMPKINS S,ANTON W,et al.Integrating spaceflight human system risk research[J].Acta Astronautica,2017,139:306-312.
[11]TOMCZYK A.Handling qualities augmentation system for general aviation aircraft[J].Proceedings of AIAA Space,2001,40(10):1954-1960.
[12]PERROW C.Normal accidents:living with high-risk technologies[J].American Journal of Sociology,1999,10(2):366-368.
[13]RAHEJA D,MORIARTY B.New paradigms in system safety[J].Journal of System Safety,2006,42(3):1-3.
[14]HALLMAY M,KELLY T.Using agent-based modelling approaches to support the development of safety policy for systems of systems[C]∥Proc.of the 25th International Conference on Computer Safety,Reliability and Security,2006:330-343.
[15]BODEAU D J.System-of-systems security engineering[C]∥Proc.of the Computer Security Applications Conference,1994:228-235.
[16]LEVESON N.Engineering a safer world:systems thinking applied to safety[M].Massachusetts:MIT Press,2011.
[17]郑磊,胡剑波.基于STAMP/STPA的机轮刹车系统安全性分析[J].航空学报,2017,38(1):241-251.ZHENG L,HU J B.Safety analysis of wheel brake system based on STAMP/STPA[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2017,38(1):241-251.
[18]DEGRAUWE M R,NYS O,DIJKSTRA E,et al.IDAC:an interactive design tool for analog CMOS circuits[J].IEEEJournal of Solid-State Circuits,1987,22(6):1106-1116.
[19]BAO Y,LI Z,WEN D,et al.Development and design of dispatcher training simulation evaluation system based on IDAC[C]∥Proc.of the Power and Energy Engineering Conference,2016:1-5.
[20]王瑛,孙贇,李超,等.基于STAMP模型的军机飞行训练安全性分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(9):68-73.WANG Y,SUN Y,LI C,et al.Analysis of military aircraft flight training safety based on STAMP model[J].China Safety Science Journal,2018,28(9):68-73.
[21]STEVENS B L,LEWIS F L,JOHNSON E N.Aircraft control and simulation:dynamics,controls design,and autonomous systems,third edition[M].New York:Wiley,2015.
[22]DOGAN A,KAEWCHAY K.Probabilistic human pilot approach:application to microburst escape maneuver[J].Journal of Guidance,Control,and Dynamics,2007,30(2):357-369.
[23]裴彬彬,徐浩军,薛源,等.基于复杂动力学仿真的结冰情形下飞行安全窗构建方法[J].航空学报,2017,38(2):37-50.PEI S S,XU H J,XUE Y,et al.Development of flight safety window in icing conditions based on complex dynamics simulation[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2017,38(2):37-50.
[24]ERICSSON L E.Cobra maneuver unsteady aerodynamic considerations[J].Journal of Aircraft,1995,32(1):214-216.
[25]MUKHERJEE B K,THOMAS P R,SINHA M.Automatic recovery of a combat aircraft from a completed Cobra and Herbst maneuver:A sliding mode control based scheme[C]∥Proc.of the Control Conference,2016:259-266.