黑龙江省老柞山金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因
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摘要
黑龙江省老柞山金矿床位于兴蒙造山带东段佳木斯地块的中北部,是佳木斯金多金属成矿区的一座大型矿床,金主要赋存在NW向、NWW向的张性断裂及花岗岩和钙质大理岩、钙质片麻岩的接触构造带内,成矿与矽卡岩密切伴生。根据野外和室内研究,成矿阶段可划分为矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段、早期石英硫化物阶段、晚期石英硫化物阶段和石英-方解石阶段。为揭示流体演化过程,本文选择石榴子石、石英和方解石开展了流体包裹体研究。包裹体岩相学显示,流体包裹体类型有含子晶三相、气液两相(富液相、富气相)、纯液相和纯气相包裹体。测温结果表明:从早到晚均一温度依次为448~462、240~509、166~480、118~360和57~230℃;在矽卡岩阶段盐度(w(NaCl))为9.21%~10.37%,在氧化物阶段为1.73%~13.77%,中低盐度,在早期石英硫化物阶段为1.73%~23.71%和23.64%~39.66%,在晚期石英硫化物阶段为3.05%~6.44%,在石英-方解石阶段为1.73%~11.95%。高温中低盐度且富含CO_2、H_2O和少量CH_4的初始成矿流体,在氧化物阶段流体"沸腾",CO_2逃逸,生成磁铁矿;在早期石英硫化物阶段流体持续沸腾,pH值升高,由氧化转化为还原,卸载金和毒砂、黄铁矿等硫化物;在晚期石英硫化物阶段温度降低,卸载方铅矿、闪锌矿等低温矿物和金。因此,推测老柞山金矿床属于矽卡岩型金矿床。
The Luozuoshan gold deposit is located in the north-center of Jiamusi massif of Eastern of Xingmeng orogenic belt,which is a large deposit in the Jiamusi gold metallogenic area.The ore bodies are hosted in the NW and NWW trend extension fractures and the contact zone between the granite and calcareous marble and gneiss,and the mineralization is closely associated with skarn.According to the field and laboratory studies,the authors divided the mineralization process into five stages,i.e,skarn,oxide,early sulfide,late sulfide,and quarts-calcite stages.The inclusion petrography shows that the fluid inclusions are mainly composed of daughter-crystal bearing inclusions,gas-liquid inclusions(incl.rich liquid and rich gas inclusions),pure liquid inclusions,and pure gas inclusions.The measured temperatures indicate that the homogeneous temperatures were 448-462 ℃,240-509 ℃,166-480 ℃,118-360 ℃,and 57-230℃from early to late respectively.The salinities of mineralization were w(NaCl)9.21%-10.37%in skarn stage,1.73%-13.77% in oxide stage,1.73%-23.71% and 23.64%-39.66% in early sulfide stage,3.05%-6.44% in late sulfide stage,and 1.73%-11.95% in quarts-calcite stage.During the oxide stage,the initial ore-forming fluid was of high temperature,low-medium salinity,and rich in CO_2,H_2O and a little CH_4.The fluid boiled,resulting in the escape of CO_2 and formation of magnetite.The fluid continued to boil at the early sulfide stage,which caused the increase of pH value,the transformation of the fluid from oxidation to reduction,and the deposition of gold and arsenopyrite.With the temperature decrease at the late sulfide stage,the low temperature minerals precipitated,such as galena,sphalerite,and gold.It is presumed that the Laozuoshan gold deposit is a skarn type gold deposit.
The Luozuoshan gold deposit is located in the north-center of Jiamusi massif of Eastern of Xingmeng orogenic belt,which is a large deposit in the Jiamusi gold metallogenic area.The ore bodies are hosted in the NW and NWW trend extension fractures and the contact zone between the granite and calcareous marble and gneiss,and the mineralization is closely associated with skarn.According to the field and laboratory studies,the authors divided the mineralization process into five stages,i.e,skarn,oxide,early sulfide,late sulfide,and quarts-calcite stages.The inclusion petrography shows that the fluid inclusions are mainly composed of daughter-crystal bearing inclusions,gas-liquid inclusions(incl.rich liquid and rich gas inclusions),pure liquid inclusions,and pure gas inclusions.The measured temperatures indicate that the homogeneous temperatures were 448-462 ℃,240-509 ℃,166-480 ℃,118-360 ℃,and 57-230℃from early to late respectively.The salinities of mineralization were w(NaCl)9.21%-10.37%in skarn stage,1.73%-13.77% in oxide stage,1.73%-23.71% and 23.64%-39.66% in early sulfide stage,3.05%-6.44% in late sulfide stage,and 1.73%-11.95% in quarts-calcite stage.During the oxide stage,the initial ore-forming fluid was of high temperature,low-medium salinity,and rich in CO_2,H_2O and a little CH_4.The fluid boiled,resulting in the escape of CO_2 and formation of magnetite.The fluid continued to boil at the early sulfide stage,which caused the increase of pH value,the transformation of the fluid from oxidation to reduction,and the deposition of gold and arsenopyrite.With the temperature decrease at the late sulfide stage,the low temperature minerals precipitated,such as galena,sphalerite,and gold.It is presumed that the Laozuoshan gold deposit is a skarn type gold deposit.
引文
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[9]李伟实.老柞山式金矿床特征及成矿模式[J].地质与勘探,1986,22(3):2-10.Li Weishi.The Characteristics and Metallogenic Model of the Laozuoshan Gold Deposit[J].Geology and Prospecting,1986,22(3):2-10.
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[11]裴志霞,何宝林,韩忠良.黑龙江老柞山金矿田南东段矿床成因[J].黄金地质,2004,10(2):28-32.Pei Zhixia,He Baolin,Han Zhongliang.The Genesis of the Southeast Section of the Laozhashan Gold Ore Field,Heilongjiang[J].Gold Geology,2004,10(2):28-32.
[12]姜宝龙.黑龙江老柞山金矿床地质特征及成矿作用[J].矿产与地质,1998,12(3):172-177.Jiang Baolong.Geological Features and Metallogenesis of Laozuoshan Gold Deposit,Heilongjiang Province[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,1998,12(3):172-177.
[13]张红军,叶义成,张霞.老柞山金矿床成矿模式和找矿方向的探讨[J].资源产业,2005,7(1):56-58.Zhang Hongjun,Ye Yicheng,Zhang Xia.Discussion on the Mineralization Model and Ore-Hunting Indicators of Laozuoshan Gold Deposit[J].Resources Industries,2005,7(1):56-58.
[14]周喜文,李宪洲,李晓敏.黑龙江省老柞山金矿成矿模式探讨[J].地质与勘探,2002,38(2):18-22.Zhou Xiwen,Li Xianzhou,Li Xiaomin.Research on Metallogenic Model of the Laozuoshan Gold Deposit,Heilongjiang Province[J].Geology and Prospecting,2002,38(2):18-22.
[15]张立亚.黑龙江老柞山金矿床地质特征及矿化富集规律研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.Zhang Liya.Study on Geological Characteristics and Enrichment Regularities of Gold Mineralization in Laozuoshan Gold Deposit,Heilongjiang Province[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2008.
[16]安瑞,王可勇,马雪俐,等.黑龙江省老柞山矽卡岩-热液脉型金矿成矿流体演化模式[J].西北地质,2017,50(2):122-135.An Rui,Wang Keyong,Ma Xueli,et al.Evolution Mode for the Ore-Forming Fluid System of the Laozuoshan Skarn-Magmatic Hydrothermal Vein Gold Deposit,Heilongjiang Province,China[J].Northwestern Geology,2017,50(2):122-135.
[17]李怡欣.黑龙江省老柞山金矿床的成因与成矿地质模式[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.Li Yixin.The Study on Ore Genesis and Metallogenic Geological Model of Laozuoshan Gold Deposit in Heilongjiang Province[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.
[18]孙景贵,邢树文,郑庆道,等.中国东北陆缘有色、贵金属矿床的地质特征、地球化学[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2006.Sun Jinggui,Xing Shuwen,Zheng Qingdao,et al.Geological Characteristics and Geochemistry of the Nonferrous and Precious Metal Deposits in the Northeast Margin of China[M].Changchun:Jilin University Press,2006.
[19]薛明轩.黑龙江省内生金矿成矿作用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.Xue Mingxuan.Metallogenesis of Endogenic Gold Deposits in Heilongjiang Province[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.
[20]Potter R W,Brown D L.The Volumetric Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions from 0℃to500℃at Pressures up to 2000Based on a Regression of Available Data in the Literature[J].U S Geological Survey Bulletin,1977(1421-C):36.
[21]刘斌,段光贤.NaCl-H2O溶液包裹体的密度式和等容式及其应用[J].矿物学报,1987,7(4):59-66.Liu Bin,Duan Guangxian.The Density and Isochoric Formulae for NaCl-H2O Fluid Inclusion and Their Application[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,1987,7(4):59-66.
[22]Bischoff J L.Densities of Liquids and Vapors in Boiling NaCl-H2O Solutions:A PVTX Summary from 300to 500℃[J].American Journal of Science,1991,291(4):309-338.
[2]丛智超,孙丰月,王冠,等.佳木斯地块中部岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其大地构造意义[J].岩石学报,2016,32(4):1141-1152.Cong Zhichao,Sun Fengyue,Wang Guan,et al.Zircon U-Pb Age and Geochemistry of the Magmatic Rocks in the Jiamusi Massif,NE China and Their Tectonic Implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2016,32(4):1141-1152.
[3]Sun Jinggui,Han Shijiong,Zhang Yong,et al.Diagenesis and Metallogenetic Mechanisms of the Tuanjiegou Gold Deposit from the Lesser Xing’an Range,NE China:Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotopic Constraints[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,62:373-388.
[4]王永彬,刘建明,孙守恪,等.黑龙江省乌拉嘎金矿赋矿花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石成因及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2012,28(2):557-570.Wang Yongbin,Liu Jianming,Sun Shouke,et al.Zircon U-Pb Geochronology,Petrogenesis and Geological Implication of Ore-Bearing Granodiorite Porphyry in the Wulaga Gold Deposit,Heilongjiang Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(2):557-570.
[5]周建波,曾维顺,曹嘉麟,等.中国东北地区的构造格局与演化:从500 Ma到180 Ma[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,45(5):1298-1316.Zhou Jianbo,Zeng Weishun,Cao Jialin,et al.The Tectonic Framework and Evolution of the NE China:from 500 Ma-180 Ma[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,45(5):1298-1316.
[6]吴福元,S Wsilde,孙德有.佳木斯地块片麻状花岗岩的锆石离子探针U-Pb年龄[J].岩石学报,2001,17(3):443-452.Wu Fuyuan,Wsilde S,Sun Deyou.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Age of Gneissic Granites in Jiamusi Massif,Northeastern China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2001,17(3):443-452.
[7]田豫才.佳木斯隆起东南缘地质背景、金矿成矿地质条件及找矿方向[J].桂林工学院学报,1999,19(4):303-309.Tian Yucai.Geological Background,Gold OreForming Condition and Prospecting Direction in the Southeastern Margin of Jamusi Uplift[J].Journal of Guilin Institute of Technology,1999,19(4):303-309.
[8]程飞.佳木斯地块金的控矿条件与成矿模式[D].长春:吉林大学,2004.Cheng Fei.The Metalloteet and Metallogenic Model of Gold in Jamusi Massif[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2004.
[9]李伟实.老柞山式金矿床特征及成矿模式[J].地质与勘探,1986,22(3):2-10.Li Weishi.The Characteristics and Metallogenic Model of the Laozuoshan Gold Deposit[J].Geology and Prospecting,1986,22(3):2-10.
[10]何宝林.老柞山金矿田东部段矿床成因探讨[J].黄金,2002,23(7):8-12.He Baolin.Discussion on the Origion of Gold Ore Deposit at the Eastern Section of Laozuoshan Gold Ore Field[J].Gold,2002,23(7):8-12.
[11]裴志霞,何宝林,韩忠良.黑龙江老柞山金矿田南东段矿床成因[J].黄金地质,2004,10(2):28-32.Pei Zhixia,He Baolin,Han Zhongliang.The Genesis of the Southeast Section of the Laozhashan Gold Ore Field,Heilongjiang[J].Gold Geology,2004,10(2):28-32.
[12]姜宝龙.黑龙江老柞山金矿床地质特征及成矿作用[J].矿产与地质,1998,12(3):172-177.Jiang Baolong.Geological Features and Metallogenesis of Laozuoshan Gold Deposit,Heilongjiang Province[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,1998,12(3):172-177.
[13]张红军,叶义成,张霞.老柞山金矿床成矿模式和找矿方向的探讨[J].资源产业,2005,7(1):56-58.Zhang Hongjun,Ye Yicheng,Zhang Xia.Discussion on the Mineralization Model and Ore-Hunting Indicators of Laozuoshan Gold Deposit[J].Resources Industries,2005,7(1):56-58.
[14]周喜文,李宪洲,李晓敏.黑龙江省老柞山金矿成矿模式探讨[J].地质与勘探,2002,38(2):18-22.Zhou Xiwen,Li Xianzhou,Li Xiaomin.Research on Metallogenic Model of the Laozuoshan Gold Deposit,Heilongjiang Province[J].Geology and Prospecting,2002,38(2):18-22.
[15]张立亚.黑龙江老柞山金矿床地质特征及矿化富集规律研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.Zhang Liya.Study on Geological Characteristics and Enrichment Regularities of Gold Mineralization in Laozuoshan Gold Deposit,Heilongjiang Province[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2008.
[16]安瑞,王可勇,马雪俐,等.黑龙江省老柞山矽卡岩-热液脉型金矿成矿流体演化模式[J].西北地质,2017,50(2):122-135.An Rui,Wang Keyong,Ma Xueli,et al.Evolution Mode for the Ore-Forming Fluid System of the Laozuoshan Skarn-Magmatic Hydrothermal Vein Gold Deposit,Heilongjiang Province,China[J].Northwestern Geology,2017,50(2):122-135.
[17]李怡欣.黑龙江省老柞山金矿床的成因与成矿地质模式[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.Li Yixin.The Study on Ore Genesis and Metallogenic Geological Model of Laozuoshan Gold Deposit in Heilongjiang Province[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.
[18]孙景贵,邢树文,郑庆道,等.中国东北陆缘有色、贵金属矿床的地质特征、地球化学[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2006.Sun Jinggui,Xing Shuwen,Zheng Qingdao,et al.Geological Characteristics and Geochemistry of the Nonferrous and Precious Metal Deposits in the Northeast Margin of China[M].Changchun:Jilin University Press,2006.
[19]薛明轩.黑龙江省内生金矿成矿作用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.Xue Mingxuan.Metallogenesis of Endogenic Gold Deposits in Heilongjiang Province[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.
[20]Potter R W,Brown D L.The Volumetric Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions from 0℃to500℃at Pressures up to 2000Based on a Regression of Available Data in the Literature[J].U S Geological Survey Bulletin,1977(1421-C):36.
[21]刘斌,段光贤.NaCl-H2O溶液包裹体的密度式和等容式及其应用[J].矿物学报,1987,7(4):59-66.Liu Bin,Duan Guangxian.The Density and Isochoric Formulae for NaCl-H2O Fluid Inclusion and Their Application[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,1987,7(4):59-66.
[22]Bischoff J L.Densities of Liquids and Vapors in Boiling NaCl-H2O Solutions:A PVTX Summary from 300to 500℃[J].American Journal of Science,1991,291(4):309-338.