豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙生长性能、消化酶活性和肠道健康的影响
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摘要
为探讨豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)生长性能、表观消化率、消化酶活性和肠道健康的影响,以基础饲料为对照,豆粕替代基础饲料中50%和100%的鱼粉形成3种等氮等能的试验饲料,分别记为FM、 B1和B2组,饲喂初始体重为(40±0.3)g的牛蛙,进行为期30 d的摄食生长试验,测定增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率、营养物质消化率、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶等指标。结果显示:各组间牛蛙成活率无显著差异;豆粕替代鱼粉显著降低牛蛙的增重率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率,显著降低其对饲料干物质、蛋白质和总能的表观消化率。肠道消化酶分析结果显示,豆粕100%替代鱼粉显著降低了牛蛙空肠和回肠蛋白酶活性,B1和B2组牛蛙回肠脂肪酶活性显著低于FM组,淀粉酶活性显著高于FM组。对牛蛙肠道组织形态观察发现,豆粕替代鱼粉后肠道绒毛高度、肌层厚度和柱状上皮高度显著降低。豆粕替代鱼粉后肠道促炎因子IL-1β、IL-17、IL-8和TNF-α mRNA的表达量显著升高。结果表明,牛蛙饲料中大量使用豆粕会对其生长和饲料利用产生负面的影响,并诱导肠道炎症发生。
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of replacement fish meal by soybean meal on growth performance,apparent digestibility,digestive enzyme activity and intestinal health in bullfrog(Rana catesbeiana).The basal diet was formulated with fish meal as the main protein source,and three isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated to replace 50% and 100% fish meal with soybean meal(FM,B1 and B2),respectively.Bullfrogs with an initial body weight of(40±0.3)g were randomly distributed into 15 fiberglass tanks at densities of 10 bullfrogs per tank.Each diet was randomly assigned to 5 replicates of bullfrog for 30 days.Weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed efficiency,nutrient digestibility,protease,amylase,lipase and other indicators were measured.The results showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate among all groups.However,weight gain,feed efficiency and protein efficiency of bullfrogs in B1 and B2 groups were significantly lower than FM group.The similar tendency was showed for apparent digestibility of dry matter,protein and gross energy in all groups.Bullfrog in B2 group showed the lowest protease activity in the jejunum.The lipase activities in the ileum of B1 and B2 groups were significantly lower than that of the FM group.The amylase activities in the ileum of B1 and B2 groups were significantly higher than that of the FM group.With the increasing of fish replacement,the height of the intestinal villi,the thickness of the muscular layer and the height of the columnar epithelium were significantly reduced.However,the expression levels of intestinal pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-17,IL-8,and TNF-α were significantly increased.In conclusion,the high proportion replacement of fish meal with soybean meal in diet had negative effects on growth,feed utilization and digestibility,and induced intestinal inflammation of bullfrog.
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of replacement fish meal by soybean meal on growth performance,apparent digestibility,digestive enzyme activity and intestinal health in bullfrog(Rana catesbeiana).The basal diet was formulated with fish meal as the main protein source,and three isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated to replace 50% and 100% fish meal with soybean meal(FM,B1 and B2),respectively.Bullfrogs with an initial body weight of(40±0.3)g were randomly distributed into 15 fiberglass tanks at densities of 10 bullfrogs per tank.Each diet was randomly assigned to 5 replicates of bullfrog for 30 days.Weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed efficiency,nutrient digestibility,protease,amylase,lipase and other indicators were measured.The results showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate among all groups.However,weight gain,feed efficiency and protein efficiency of bullfrogs in B1 and B2 groups were significantly lower than FM group.The similar tendency was showed for apparent digestibility of dry matter,protein and gross energy in all groups.Bullfrog in B2 group showed the lowest protease activity in the jejunum.The lipase activities in the ileum of B1 and B2 groups were significantly lower than that of the FM group.The amylase activities in the ileum of B1 and B2 groups were significantly higher than that of the FM group.With the increasing of fish replacement,the height of the intestinal villi,the thickness of the muscular layer and the height of the columnar epithelium were significantly reduced.However,the expression levels of intestinal pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-17,IL-8,and TNF-α were significantly increased.In conclusion,the high proportion replacement of fish meal with soybean meal in diet had negative effects on growth,feed utilization and digestibility,and induced intestinal inflammation of bullfrog.
引文
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[13]Yaghoubi M,Mozanzadeh M T,Marammazi J G,et al.Dietary replacement of fish meal by soy products(soybean meal and isolated soy protein)in silvery-black porgy juveniles(Sparidentex hasta)[J].Aquaculture,2016,464:50-59.
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[19]Hossain S,Koshio S,Ishikawa M,et al.Substitution of dietary fishmeal by soybean meal with inosine administration influences growth,digestibility,immunity,stress resistance and gut morphology of juvenile amberjack Seriola dumerili [J].Aquaculture,2018,488:174-188.
[20]Fláviacp S,Jacquesr N,Josél Z I,et al.Influence of partial substitution of dietary fish meal on the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestinal brush border membrane of gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata and goldfish,Carassius auratus [J].Aquaculture,2010,306(1):233-237.
[21]Castro C,Pérezjiménez A,Coutinho F,et al.Digestive enzymes of meagre(Argyrosomus regius)and white seabream(Diplodus sargus).Effects of dietary brewer′s spent yeast supplementation [J].Aquaculture,2013,s416-417:322-327.
[22]Rui M,Coutinho F,Pous?o-Ferreira P,et al.Corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles:Apparent digestibility and digestive enzymes activities in European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax)and meagre(Argyrosomus regius)[J].Aquaculture,2015,443:90-97.
[23]Lin S,Luo L.Effects of different levels of soybean meal inclusion in replacement for fish meal on growth,digestive enzymes and transaminase activities in practical diets for juvenile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus × O.aureus [J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2011,168(1-2):80-87.
[24]张帆,张文兵,麦康森,等.饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、消化酶活性和消化道组织学的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012(s1):75-82.
[25]张晓清,李小勤,陈佳楠,等.无鱼粉低磷饲料中添加中性蛋白酶和植酸酶对建鲤生长及营养物质利用的影响[J].水生生物学报,2017(6):1291-1300.
[26]Buttle L G,Burrells A C,Good J E,et al.The binding of soybean agglutinin(SBA)to the intestinal epithelium of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar,and rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss,fed high levels of soybean meal [J].Vet Immunol Immunopathol,2001,80(3-4):237-244.
[27]Francis G,Makkar H P S,Becker K.Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish [J].Aquaculture,2001,199(3):197-227.
[28]Marjara I S,Chikwati E M,Valen E C,et al.Transcriptional regulation of IL-17A and other inflammatory markers during the development of soybean meal-induced enteropathy in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J].Cytokine,2012,60(1):186-196.
[29]Hedrera M I,Galdames J A,Jimenezreyes M F,et al.Soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in zebrafish larvae [J].Plos One,2013,8(7):e69983.
[30]Gu M,Bai N,Zhang Y,et al.Soybean meal induces enteritis in turbot Scophthalmus maximus,at high supplementation levels [J].Aquaculture,2016,464:286-295.
[2]Sales J.The effect of fish meal replacement by soybean products on fish growth:a meta-analysis [J].Brit J Nutr,2009,102(12):1709-1722.
[3]Hardy R W.Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets:effects of global demand and supplies of fishmeal [J].Aquac Res,2010,41(5):770-776.
[4]Gatlin Ⅲ D M,Barrows F T,Brown P,et al.Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds:a review [J].Aquac Res,2007,38(6):551-579.
[5]National Research Council(NRC):Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp [M].Washington:National Academies Press,2011,163-167.
[6]Song Z,Li H,Wang J,et al.Effects of fishmeal replacement with soy protein hydrolysates on growth performance,blood biochemistry,gastrointestinal digestion and muscle composition of juvenile starry flounder(Platichthys stellatus)[J].Aquaculture,2014,426-427(1):96-104.
[7]Trushenski J T,Rombenso A N,Page M,et al.Traditional and fermented soybean meals as ingredients in feeds for white seabass and yellowtail jack[J].N Am J Aquacult,2014,76(4):312-322.
[8]Pasteris S E,Bühler M I,Nadermacías M E.Microbiological and histological studies of farmed-bullfrog(Rana catesbeiana)tissues displaying red-leg syndrome [J].Aquaculture,2006,251(1):11-18.
[9]曾秋辉,王玲,陈佳,等.牛蛙对几种动物性饲料原料的表观消化率[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2017,22(6):9-16.
[10]方卫东,鲁康乐,张春晓,等.豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙生长、体组成、消化酶活力及肝脏生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2016,40(11):1742-1752.
[11]Zhang C X,Huang K K,Wang L,et al.Apparent digestibility coefficients and amino acid availability of common protein ingredients in the diets of bullfrog,Rana(Lithobates)catesbeiana [J].Aquaculture,2015,437:38-45.
[12]Heikkinen J,Vielma J,Kemil?inen O,et al.Effects of soybean meal based diet on growth performance,gut histopathology and intestinal microbiota of juvenile rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(1):259-268.
[13]Yaghoubi M,Mozanzadeh M T,Marammazi J G,et al.Dietary replacement of fish meal by soy products(soybean meal and isolated soy protein)in silvery-black porgy juveniles(Sparidentex hasta)[J].Aquaculture,2016,464:50-59.
[14]Li P,Mai K ,Trushenski J ,et al.New developments in fish amino acid nutrition:towards functional and environmentally oriented aquafeeds [J].Amino Acids,2009,37(1):43-53.
[15]Zhang C X,Rahimnejad S,Wang Y R,et al.Substituting ?sh meal with soybean meal in diets for Japanese seabass(Lateolabrax japonicus):Effects on growth,digestive enzymes activity,gut histology,and expression of gut in?ammatory and transporter genes [J].Aquaculture,2018,483:173-182.
[16]Taher S,Romano N,Arshad A,et al.Assessing the feasibility of dietary soybean meal replacement for fishmeal to the swimming crab,Portunus pelagicus,juveniles [J].Aquaculture,2017,469:88-94.
[17]F?rde-Skj?rvik O,Refstie S,Aslaksen M A,et al.Digestibility of diets containing different soybean meals in Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua);comparison of collection methods and mapping of digestibility in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract [J].Aquaculture,2006,261(1):241-258.
[18]Tibaldi E,Hakim Y,Uni Z,et al.Effects of the partial substitution of dietary fish meal by differently processed soybean meals on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and activity of intestinal brush border enzymes in the European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(1):182-193.
[19]Hossain S,Koshio S,Ishikawa M,et al.Substitution of dietary fishmeal by soybean meal with inosine administration influences growth,digestibility,immunity,stress resistance and gut morphology of juvenile amberjack Seriola dumerili [J].Aquaculture,2018,488:174-188.
[20]Fláviacp S,Jacquesr N,Josél Z I,et al.Influence of partial substitution of dietary fish meal on the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestinal brush border membrane of gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata and goldfish,Carassius auratus [J].Aquaculture,2010,306(1):233-237.
[21]Castro C,Pérezjiménez A,Coutinho F,et al.Digestive enzymes of meagre(Argyrosomus regius)and white seabream(Diplodus sargus).Effects of dietary brewer′s spent yeast supplementation [J].Aquaculture,2013,s416-417:322-327.
[22]Rui M,Coutinho F,Pous?o-Ferreira P,et al.Corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles:Apparent digestibility and digestive enzymes activities in European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax)and meagre(Argyrosomus regius)[J].Aquaculture,2015,443:90-97.
[23]Lin S,Luo L.Effects of different levels of soybean meal inclusion in replacement for fish meal on growth,digestive enzymes and transaminase activities in practical diets for juvenile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus × O.aureus [J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2011,168(1-2):80-87.
[24]张帆,张文兵,麦康森,等.饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、消化酶活性和消化道组织学的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012(s1):75-82.
[25]张晓清,李小勤,陈佳楠,等.无鱼粉低磷饲料中添加中性蛋白酶和植酸酶对建鲤生长及营养物质利用的影响[J].水生生物学报,2017(6):1291-1300.
[26]Buttle L G,Burrells A C,Good J E,et al.The binding of soybean agglutinin(SBA)to the intestinal epithelium of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar,and rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss,fed high levels of soybean meal [J].Vet Immunol Immunopathol,2001,80(3-4):237-244.
[27]Francis G,Makkar H P S,Becker K.Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish [J].Aquaculture,2001,199(3):197-227.
[28]Marjara I S,Chikwati E M,Valen E C,et al.Transcriptional regulation of IL-17A and other inflammatory markers during the development of soybean meal-induced enteropathy in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J].Cytokine,2012,60(1):186-196.
[29]Hedrera M I,Galdames J A,Jimenezreyes M F,et al.Soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in zebrafish larvae [J].Plos One,2013,8(7):e69983.
[30]Gu M,Bai N,Zhang Y,et al.Soybean meal induces enteritis in turbot Scophthalmus maximus,at high supplementation levels [J].Aquaculture,2016,464:286-295.