除草剂对星豹蛛活动行为的影响
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摘要
为明确除草剂对星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera活动行为的影响,采用药膜法测定乙氧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚和百草枯3种常规除草剂对星豹蛛的毒力,应用旷野试验法研究除草剂对其活动行为的影响。结果表明:乙羧氟草醚对星豹蛛的LC10为6.75 g/L,乙氧氟草醚的LC10为1.09 g/L,3种除草剂对星豹蛛的毒力顺序为乙氧氟草醚>乙羧氟草醚>百草枯。高浓度(5.81~10.53 g/L)乙氧氟草醚处理后雄蛛的行走总路程和平均行走速度均较推荐浓度处理(0.07 g/L)显著降低,6.75 g/L乙羧氟草醚处理后雌蛛行走总路程较其余浓度处理显著降低、雄蛛最大行走速度较0.08 g/L浓度处理显著降低,但这2种除草剂各浓度处理均与对照无显著差异;80.00 g/L百草枯处理后雄蛛的行走总路程、最大行走速度和平均行走速度均较对照显著降低,分别为248.48 cm、12.03 cm/s和0.83 cm/s,4.00~20.00 g/L百草枯处理后雌蛛最大行走速度较80.00 g/L处理显著下降。5.81 g/L乙氧氟草醚处理后雄蛛行走区域数显著下降,较对照下降了4.57个,而雌蛛行走区域数则显著升高,较对照增加了2.20个。20.83 g/L乙羧氟草醚处理后雄蛛在中心区域停留时间最短,为0.48 s,占总时间的比例仅为0.16%,5.81 g/L乙氧氟草醚处理后雌蛛在中心区域停留时间最长,为15.94 s,占总时间的比例为5.31%。表明高浓度除草剂处理星豹蛛后对其活动行为影响显著,而推荐浓度处理后对其无显著影响,说明3种除草剂在推荐剂量下对星豹蛛相对安全。
To find out the influence of herbicides on the behavior of spider Pardosa asteigera, residual films treated with three conventional herbicides, oxyfluorofen, fluoroglycofen and gramoxone, were used to identify their toxicity to P. astrigera. The influence of herbicides on the activities of P. astrigera was investigated in the field under natural conditions. The results showed that oxyfluorofen demonstrated the highest toxicity and gramoxone the lowest among the three herbicides tested, with the LC10 of fluoroglycofen at 6.75 g/L and oxyfluorofen at 1.09 g/L. High concentration(5.81~10.53 g/L) of oxyliuorfen had significant effect on the total walking distance and average walking speed for the males. The total walking distance of female and the maximum walking speed of male treated with 6.75 g/L fluoroglycofen were significantly lower than those of other fluoroglycofen treatments and 0.08 g/L fluoroglycofen treatment, respectively, but the two herbicides in each treatment had no significant difference with the control; the total walking distance, the maximum walking speed and average walking speed of male treated with 80.00 g/L gramoxone were significantly lower than control, which were 248.48 cm,12.03 cm/s and 0.83 cm/s, respectively; the maximum walking speed of female treated with 4.00~20.00 g/L gramoxone significantly decreased compared with 80.00 g/L gramoxone. The three herbicides showed different effects on the number of walking zones, and the males treated with 5.81 g/L fluoroglycofen decreased by 4.57 compared with the control, but the females increased by 2.20 compared with the control. The shortest time of P. astrigera for the males treated with 20.83 g/L fluoroglycofen was only 0.48 s in the central region, and the longest time for the females treated with 5.81 g/L oxyfluorofen was 15.94 s in the central region. The activity of the male and female spiders was weakened compared with the control, but the recommended dose was not significantly different from the control, indicating that the three kinds of herbicides had no significant effect on the activity of spiders at the recommended dose.
To find out the influence of herbicides on the behavior of spider Pardosa asteigera, residual films treated with three conventional herbicides, oxyfluorofen, fluoroglycofen and gramoxone, were used to identify their toxicity to P. astrigera. The influence of herbicides on the activities of P. astrigera was investigated in the field under natural conditions. The results showed that oxyfluorofen demonstrated the highest toxicity and gramoxone the lowest among the three herbicides tested, with the LC10 of fluoroglycofen at 6.75 g/L and oxyfluorofen at 1.09 g/L. High concentration(5.81~10.53 g/L) of oxyliuorfen had significant effect on the total walking distance and average walking speed for the males. The total walking distance of female and the maximum walking speed of male treated with 6.75 g/L fluoroglycofen were significantly lower than those of other fluoroglycofen treatments and 0.08 g/L fluoroglycofen treatment, respectively, but the two herbicides in each treatment had no significant difference with the control; the total walking distance, the maximum walking speed and average walking speed of male treated with 80.00 g/L gramoxone were significantly lower than control, which were 248.48 cm,12.03 cm/s and 0.83 cm/s, respectively; the maximum walking speed of female treated with 4.00~20.00 g/L gramoxone significantly decreased compared with 80.00 g/L gramoxone. The three herbicides showed different effects on the number of walking zones, and the males treated with 5.81 g/L fluoroglycofen decreased by 4.57 compared with the control, but the females increased by 2.20 compared with the control. The shortest time of P. astrigera for the males treated with 20.83 g/L fluoroglycofen was only 0.48 s in the central region, and the longest time for the females treated with 5.81 g/L oxyfluorofen was 15.94 s in the central region. The activity of the male and female spiders was weakened compared with the control, but the recommended dose was not significantly different from the control, indicating that the three kinds of herbicides had no significant effect on the activity of spiders at the recommended dose.
引文
Chen G,Geng DG,Zhu BC,Zhang DS,Ma XM,Zhao RJ,Han Y.2000.Genetic toxicity to the cells of Monopterus albus by the herbicide NC-302D(+).Chinese Journal of Zoology,35(5):15-19(in Chinese)[陈刚,耿德贵,朱必才,张大生,马小明,赵荣军,韩燕.2000.除草剂精禾草克对黄鳝细胞遗传毒性的研究.动物学杂志,35(5):15-19]
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Geng DG,Wang XQ,Liu SW,Liu XD,Ye Q,Han Y.2000.Mutagenesis of herbicide fluroxypyr on cells of Monopterus albus.Journal of Environment and Health,17(2):103-105(in Chinese)[耿德贵,王秀琴,刘士旺,刘贤德,叶覃,韩燕.2000.除草剂使它隆对黄鳝细胞的致突变作用研究.环境与健康杂志,17(2):103-105]
Li N,Li R,Ma M,Li SC.2014.Indoor toxicity determination of three insecticides on Pardosa astrigera.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,42(9):999-1002(in Chinese)[李娜,李锐,马敏,李生才.2014.3种杀虫剂对星豹蛛室内毒力测定.山西农业科学,42(9):999-1002]
Li R,Li N,Liu J,Li SC,Hong JP.2014a.The effect of low-dose of pesticide on predation of spider and its preliminary mechanisms.Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(10):2629-2637(in Chinese)[李锐,李娜,刘佳,李生才,洪坚平.2014a.低剂量杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食效应的影响及其机理.生态学报,34(10):2629-2637]
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Li R,Li SL,Li N,Li SC,Hong JP.2014b.The effects of low doses of insecticides on predation of green peach aphid Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)by a wolf spider Pardosa astrigera(Araneae:Lycosidae).Journal of Plant Protection,41(6):711-716(in Chinese)[李锐,李萨丽,李娜,李生才,洪坚平.2014b.低剂量杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食桃蚜功能模型的影响.植物保护学报,41(6):711-716]
Li R,Yan XZ,Li SC.2011a.Population genetic structure of Pardosa astrigera based on molecular evidence from mt DNA.Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,36(2):341-346(in Chinese)[李锐,闫喜中,李生才.2011a.星豹蛛不同地理种群COⅠ基因序列差异初步分析.动物分类学报,36(2):341-346]
Liu XD,Zhang XX.1999.Effect of a selective insecticide on the community structure of fields.Entomological Knowledge,36(2):67-70
Platnick NI.2014.The world spider catalog,version 15.American Museum of Natural.http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog_15.0/COUNTS.html
Shao C,Jiang LQ,Bao WL.2002.Inducement of abnormal nucleus of erythrocytes of suckfish(Carassius auratus)by herbicide pendimethalin.Agro-Environmental Protection,21(3):266-268(in Chinese)[邵晨,蒋立琴,鲍伟利.2002.除草剂施田补对鲫鱼红细胞核异常的诱导.农业环境保护,21(3):266-268]
Stuart SN,Chanson JS,Cox NA,Yong BE,Rodrigues ASL,Fischman DL,Waller RW.2004.Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide.Science,306(5702):1783-1786
Wang Z,Fu XQ,Song DX,Yan HM.2006.Effects of low-dose chemical pesticides on distribution and activity of carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase in the wolf spider,Pardosa pseudoannulata(Araneae:Lycosidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,49(2):260-264(in Chinese)[王智,付秀芹,宋大祥,颜亨梅.2006.田间施药对拟环纹豹蛛羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶分布及活性的影响.昆虫学报,49(2):260-264]
Wu HC,Wei CS,Kuai WX,Cheng XN.2001.Structure of arthropod communities in tobacco fields with herbicide use.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,28(4):372-375(in Chinese)[巫厚长,魏重生,蒯文兴,程遐年.2001.除草剂精克草能对烟田节肢动物群落的影响.安徽农业大学学报,28(4):372-375]
Xie ZH,Li J,Ping B,Fan YQ.2003.Study on genetic toxicity of four herbicides on erythrocytes of Misgurnus anguillicadatus.Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,9(4):412-416(in Chinese)[谢志浩,李骏,平波,樊亚青.2003.四种除草剂对泥鳅红细胞遗传毒性的研究.应用与环境生物学报,9(4):412-416]
Xue QQ,Yao D,Huang ZY,Ke Q,Wen X,Geng BR.2005.Acute toxicity of pesticide dichlorvos and herbicide butachlor to Microhyla ornate tadpoles.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,24(2):209-212(in Chinese)[薛清清,姚丹,黄泽宇,柯琦,温晓,耿宝荣.2005.杀虫剂敌敌畏和除草剂丁草胺对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性实验.四川动物,24(2):209-212]
Yan HM,Wang HQ,Yang HM,Hu ZQ,Zhu ZR,He YY.2002.The ecological characteristics of spider community and its effect on controlling insect pests in the rice fields of Hunan,China.Acta Arachnologica Sinica,11(1):48-50(in Chinese)[颜亨梅,王洪全,杨海明,胡自强,朱泽瑞,贺一原.2002.湖南稻田蜘蛛群落生态特点及控虫作用研究.蛛形学报,11(1):48-50]
You MS,Wang HC,Yang G.1999.The sustainable control of agricultural insect pests.Journal of Fujian Agricultural University,28(4):434-440(in Chinese)[尤民生,王海川,杨广.1999.农业害虫的持续控制.福建农业大学学报,28(4):434-440]
Zhang B,Ma M,Li SC.2011.Effects of three insecticides on predation function of Pardosa astrigera.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,39(1):69-72(in Chinese)[张宾,马敏,李生才.2011.3种杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食功能的影响.山西农业科学,39(1):69-72]
Zhang JH,Li SC.2007.Effects of sublethal doses of insecticides on predation and activities of stomach proteinase of Pardosa astrigera.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),27(3):270-272(in Chinese)[张建华,李生才.2007.亚致死剂量杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食作用和胃蛋白酶活性的影响.山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),27(3):270-272]
Zhang ZT,Peng Y,Liang ZA,Du RQ.2008.The toxicity and effects of herbicide-butachlor on growth and development of spiders in the rice-field.Chinese Journal of Zoology,43(5):110-113(in Chinese)[张征田,彭宇,梁子安,杜瑞卿.2008.除草剂丁草胺对常见稻田蜘蛛毒性的测定及对其生长发育的影响.动物学杂志,43(5):110-113]
Deng LL,Xu MQ,Dai JY,Cao H,Li SQ.2005.Research progress on ecological effects of insecticides on spiders in croplands.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,11(4):509-513(in Chinese)[邓玲玲,许木启,戴家银,曹宏,李枢强.2005.农药对农田蜘蛛生态效应的研究进展.应用与环境生物学报,11(4):509-513]
Geng DG,Wang XQ,Liu SW,Liu XD,Ye Q,Han Y.2000.Mutagenesis of herbicide fluroxypyr on cells of Monopterus albus.Journal of Environment and Health,17(2):103-105(in Chinese)[耿德贵,王秀琴,刘士旺,刘贤德,叶覃,韩燕.2000.除草剂使它隆对黄鳝细胞的致突变作用研究.环境与健康杂志,17(2):103-105]
Li N,Li R,Ma M,Li SC.2014.Indoor toxicity determination of three insecticides on Pardosa astrigera.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,42(9):999-1002(in Chinese)[李娜,李锐,马敏,李生才.2014.3种杀虫剂对星豹蛛室内毒力测定.山西农业科学,42(9):999-1002]
Li R,Li N,Liu J,Li SC,Hong JP.2014a.The effect of low-dose of pesticide on predation of spider and its preliminary mechanisms.Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(10):2629-2637(in Chinese)[李锐,李娜,刘佳,李生才,洪坚平.2014a.低剂量杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食效应的影响及其机理.生态学报,34(10):2629-2637]
Li R,Li SC,Liu J.2011b.Studies of hemocytes DNA damage by two pesticides acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos in predaceous spiders Pardosa astrigera Koch.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(11):3156-3162(in Chinese)[李锐,李生才,刘佳.2011b.杀虫剂啶虫脒和毒死蜱对捕食蜘蛛血细胞DNA的损伤作用.生态学报,31(11):3156-3162]
Li R,Li SL,Li N,Li SC,Hong JP.2014b.The effects of low doses of insecticides on predation of green peach aphid Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)by a wolf spider Pardosa astrigera(Araneae:Lycosidae).Journal of Plant Protection,41(6):711-716(in Chinese)[李锐,李萨丽,李娜,李生才,洪坚平.2014b.低剂量杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食桃蚜功能模型的影响.植物保护学报,41(6):711-716]
Li R,Yan XZ,Li SC.2011a.Population genetic structure of Pardosa astrigera based on molecular evidence from mt DNA.Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,36(2):341-346(in Chinese)[李锐,闫喜中,李生才.2011a.星豹蛛不同地理种群COⅠ基因序列差异初步分析.动物分类学报,36(2):341-346]
Liu XD,Zhang XX.1999.Effect of a selective insecticide on the community structure of fields.Entomological Knowledge,36(2):67-70
Platnick NI.2014.The world spider catalog,version 15.American Museum of Natural.http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog_15.0/COUNTS.html
Shao C,Jiang LQ,Bao WL.2002.Inducement of abnormal nucleus of erythrocytes of suckfish(Carassius auratus)by herbicide pendimethalin.Agro-Environmental Protection,21(3):266-268(in Chinese)[邵晨,蒋立琴,鲍伟利.2002.除草剂施田补对鲫鱼红细胞核异常的诱导.农业环境保护,21(3):266-268]
Stuart SN,Chanson JS,Cox NA,Yong BE,Rodrigues ASL,Fischman DL,Waller RW.2004.Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide.Science,306(5702):1783-1786
Wang Z,Fu XQ,Song DX,Yan HM.2006.Effects of low-dose chemical pesticides on distribution and activity of carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase in the wolf spider,Pardosa pseudoannulata(Araneae:Lycosidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,49(2):260-264(in Chinese)[王智,付秀芹,宋大祥,颜亨梅.2006.田间施药对拟环纹豹蛛羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶分布及活性的影响.昆虫学报,49(2):260-264]
Wu HC,Wei CS,Kuai WX,Cheng XN.2001.Structure of arthropod communities in tobacco fields with herbicide use.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,28(4):372-375(in Chinese)[巫厚长,魏重生,蒯文兴,程遐年.2001.除草剂精克草能对烟田节肢动物群落的影响.安徽农业大学学报,28(4):372-375]
Xie ZH,Li J,Ping B,Fan YQ.2003.Study on genetic toxicity of four herbicides on erythrocytes of Misgurnus anguillicadatus.Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,9(4):412-416(in Chinese)[谢志浩,李骏,平波,樊亚青.2003.四种除草剂对泥鳅红细胞遗传毒性的研究.应用与环境生物学报,9(4):412-416]
Xue QQ,Yao D,Huang ZY,Ke Q,Wen X,Geng BR.2005.Acute toxicity of pesticide dichlorvos and herbicide butachlor to Microhyla ornate tadpoles.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,24(2):209-212(in Chinese)[薛清清,姚丹,黄泽宇,柯琦,温晓,耿宝荣.2005.杀虫剂敌敌畏和除草剂丁草胺对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性实验.四川动物,24(2):209-212]
Yan HM,Wang HQ,Yang HM,Hu ZQ,Zhu ZR,He YY.2002.The ecological characteristics of spider community and its effect on controlling insect pests in the rice fields of Hunan,China.Acta Arachnologica Sinica,11(1):48-50(in Chinese)[颜亨梅,王洪全,杨海明,胡自强,朱泽瑞,贺一原.2002.湖南稻田蜘蛛群落生态特点及控虫作用研究.蛛形学报,11(1):48-50]
You MS,Wang HC,Yang G.1999.The sustainable control of agricultural insect pests.Journal of Fujian Agricultural University,28(4):434-440(in Chinese)[尤民生,王海川,杨广.1999.农业害虫的持续控制.福建农业大学学报,28(4):434-440]
Zhang B,Ma M,Li SC.2011.Effects of three insecticides on predation function of Pardosa astrigera.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,39(1):69-72(in Chinese)[张宾,马敏,李生才.2011.3种杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食功能的影响.山西农业科学,39(1):69-72]
Zhang JH,Li SC.2007.Effects of sublethal doses of insecticides on predation and activities of stomach proteinase of Pardosa astrigera.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),27(3):270-272(in Chinese)[张建华,李生才.2007.亚致死剂量杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食作用和胃蛋白酶活性的影响.山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),27(3):270-272]
Zhang ZT,Peng Y,Liang ZA,Du RQ.2008.The toxicity and effects of herbicide-butachlor on growth and development of spiders in the rice-field.Chinese Journal of Zoology,43(5):110-113(in Chinese)[张征田,彭宇,梁子安,杜瑞卿.2008.除草剂丁草胺对常见稻田蜘蛛毒性的测定及对其生长发育的影响.动物学杂志,43(5):110-113]