烯唑醇·苯醚甲环唑和咪鲜胺锰盐对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的急性和联合毒性
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摘要
[目的]了解3种杀菌剂对水生生物的急性和联合毒性。[方法]采用静态换水方法研究了烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺锰盐3种杀菌剂对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性及其联合毒性,并对其进行了安全性评价。[结果]在急性毒性试验中,烯唑醇在24、48和72 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为60.80、62.40和41.20 mg/L;苯醚甲环唑的LC50分别为11.50、10.40和9.00 mg/L;咪鲜胺锰盐的LC50分别为49.30、6.40和3.00 mg/L;烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺锰盐对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的安全浓度(SC)分别为19.90、2.50和0.03 mg/L。在联合毒性试验中,烯唑醇+苯醚甲环唑的联合毒性和咪鲜胺锰盐+苯醚甲环唑联合毒性均表现为协同作用,咪鲜胺锰盐+烯唑醇联合组中除了0.6U+0.4U毒性比组均表现为协同作用外,其他3个毒性比组均表现为拮抗作用。[结论]为进一步了解农药对两栖类的毒性影响以及农药在农业中的合理使用提供了参考。
[Objective]The aim was to understand acute and joint toxicity of three fungicides against aquatic organisms. [Method]Used Microhyla ornata tadpoles as experimental model,the acute toxicity,jonit toxicity and safety evaluation of three different pesticides( diniconazole,difenoconazole and prochloraz-manganese chloride complex) were studied by the method of stability water tests. [Result]In acute toxicity test,the LC50 of diniconazole examined at 24,48 and 72 h were 60. 80,62. 40 and 41. 20 mg /L,respectively,whereas those of difenoconazole and prochloraz-manganese chloride complex were 11. 50,10. 40,9. 00 mg /L and 49. 30,6. 40 and 3. 00 mg /L,respectively. The SC of diniconazole,difenoconazole and prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to M. ornata tadpoles were 19. 90,2. 50 and 0. 03 mg /L,respectively. Among the pairwise combinations of the three pesticides,the toxicity of diniconazole + difenoconazole and prochloraz-manganese chloride complex + difenoconazole combinations showed synergistic. For the joint toxicity of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex + diniconazole combination,except 0. 6U + 0. 4U combination showed synergistic,the other treatments showed antagonistic. [Conclusion] The results provide valuable information on the toxic effects of pesticides on amphibians and how various types of pesticides can be reasonably used in agricultural areas.
[Objective]The aim was to understand acute and joint toxicity of three fungicides against aquatic organisms. [Method]Used Microhyla ornata tadpoles as experimental model,the acute toxicity,jonit toxicity and safety evaluation of three different pesticides( diniconazole,difenoconazole and prochloraz-manganese chloride complex) were studied by the method of stability water tests. [Result]In acute toxicity test,the LC50 of diniconazole examined at 24,48 and 72 h were 60. 80,62. 40 and 41. 20 mg /L,respectively,whereas those of difenoconazole and prochloraz-manganese chloride complex were 11. 50,10. 40,9. 00 mg /L and 49. 30,6. 40 and 3. 00 mg /L,respectively. The SC of diniconazole,difenoconazole and prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to M. ornata tadpoles were 19. 90,2. 50 and 0. 03 mg /L,respectively. Among the pairwise combinations of the three pesticides,the toxicity of diniconazole + difenoconazole and prochloraz-manganese chloride complex + difenoconazole combinations showed synergistic. For the joint toxicity of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex + diniconazole combination,except 0. 6U + 0. 4U combination showed synergistic,the other treatments showed antagonistic. [Conclusion] The results provide valuable information on the toxic effects of pesticides on amphibians and how various types of pesticides can be reasonably used in agricultural areas.
引文
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[14]陈娜,郝家胜,王莹,等.铜、铅、镉、锌、汞和银离子复合污染对水螅的急性毒性效应[J].生物学杂志,2007,24(3):32-35.
[15]张云龙,袁娟,陈丽萍,等.三种重金属对鲫鱼苗的急性毒性和联合毒性试验[J].河北渔业,2011(2):24-27.
[16]马叶,张春冬.5%烯唑醇微乳剂防治香蕉褐缘灰斑病的田间药效试验[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(19):3967-3968.
[17]马登萍.三唑酮和烯唑醇防治杨树锈病田间药效试验[J].北方园艺,2012(19):157-158.
[18]赵莉,魏红涛,王沫.啶虫咪、烯唑醇及其混剂对麦蚜联合毒力作用研究[J].湖北植保,2001(4):5-7.
[19]秦绍源,周小燕,姜于兰.防治柑橘黑点病室内杀菌剂筛选试验[J].广东农业科学,2012(5):77-79.
[20]马雪楠,郑敬敏,王小见.苯醚甲环唑防治苹果树褐斑病药效试验[J].西北园艺:果树,2012(3):45.
[21]蔡美兰.50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿粉对芒果炭疽病的防治效果[J].亚热带农业研究,2008,4(3):206-207.
[22]BERRILL M,BERTHAM S,WILSON A,et al.Lethal and sublethal impacts of insecticides on amphibian embryos and tadpoles[J].Environ Toxicol Chem,1993,12(3):525-539.
[2]KIESECKER J M,BLAUSTEIN A R,BELDEN L K.Complex causes of amphibian population declines[J].Nature,2001,410:681-684.
[3]HOULIHAN J E,FRIDLAY C S,SCHMIDT B R,et al.Quantitative evidence for global amphibian population declines[J].Nature,2001,404:752-755.
[4]HAYES T,HASTON K,TSUI M,et al.Atrazine induced hermorphropdism at 01 ppb in American leopard frogs(Rana pipiens)laboratory and field evidence[J].Environ Heal Persp,2003,111:568-575.
[5]HALL R J,HENRY P F P.Review assessing effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles status and needs[J].Herpertol J,1992,2:65-67.
[6]STUART S N,CHANSON J S,COX N A,et al.Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide[J].Science,2004,306(5702):1783-1786.
[7]JAYAWARDENA U A,NAVARATNE A N,AMERASINGHE P H,et al.Acute and chronic toxicity of four commonly used agricultural pesticides on the Asian common toad,Bufo melanostictus Schneider[J].J Natn Sci Foundation Sri Lanka,2011,39(3):267-276.
[8]EZEMONYE L I N,TONGO I.Lethal and sublethal effects of atrazine to amphibian larvae[J].Jordan J Biol Sci,2009,2(1):29-36.
[9]VERTUCCI F A,CORN P S.Evaluation of episodic acidification and amphibian declines in the Rocky Mountains[J].Ecol Appl,1996,61:449-457.
[10]FEI L,HU S Q,YE C Y,et al.Fauna Sinica Amphibia,Vol.2,Anura[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[11]WEI L,SHAO W W,DING G H,et al.Acute and joint toxicity of three agrochemicals to Chinese tiger frog(Hoplobatrachus chinensis)tadpoles[J].Zool Res,2014,35(4):272-279.
[12]周永欣,章宗涉.水生生物的毒性试验方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1989.
[13]薛清清,姚丹,黄泽宇,等.杀虫剂敌敌畏和除草剂丁草胺对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性试验[J].四川动物,2005,24(2):209-212.
[14]陈娜,郝家胜,王莹,等.铜、铅、镉、锌、汞和银离子复合污染对水螅的急性毒性效应[J].生物学杂志,2007,24(3):32-35.
[15]张云龙,袁娟,陈丽萍,等.三种重金属对鲫鱼苗的急性毒性和联合毒性试验[J].河北渔业,2011(2):24-27.
[16]马叶,张春冬.5%烯唑醇微乳剂防治香蕉褐缘灰斑病的田间药效试验[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(19):3967-3968.
[17]马登萍.三唑酮和烯唑醇防治杨树锈病田间药效试验[J].北方园艺,2012(19):157-158.
[18]赵莉,魏红涛,王沫.啶虫咪、烯唑醇及其混剂对麦蚜联合毒力作用研究[J].湖北植保,2001(4):5-7.
[19]秦绍源,周小燕,姜于兰.防治柑橘黑点病室内杀菌剂筛选试验[J].广东农业科学,2012(5):77-79.
[20]马雪楠,郑敬敏,王小见.苯醚甲环唑防治苹果树褐斑病药效试验[J].西北园艺:果树,2012(3):45.
[21]蔡美兰.50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿粉对芒果炭疽病的防治效果[J].亚热带农业研究,2008,4(3):206-207.
[22]BERRILL M,BERTHAM S,WILSON A,et al.Lethal and sublethal impacts of insecticides on amphibian embryos and tadpoles[J].Environ Toxicol Chem,1993,12(3):525-539.