1975—2015年青海省藏系绵羊鼠疫流行病学分析
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摘要
本文分析了青海省40年来藏系绵羊(Tibetan sheep,简称藏羊)鼠疫的流行特征,为预防和控制藏羊鼠疫提供科学依据。采用回顾性流行病学分析方法,对1975~2015年青海省藏系绵羊鼠疫及其引起的人间鼠疫材料进行总结。结果表明:从1975年玉树县病死藏系绵羊体分离到鼠疫菌,证实藏羊能自然感染鼠疫,并能作为传染源引起人间鼠疫以来,共分离到鼠疫菌14株,引起人间疫情共10起,发病人数25例,死亡13例,病死率为52.00%。流行季节为6~11月份,11月份病例为11例,占总例数的44.00%。鼠疫菌株和病例主要分布在玉树、囊谦、杂多、玛多、玛沁等县。藏羊鼠疫来源于旱獭鼠疫,通过添食旱獭遗骸或染疫蚤叮咬被感染,剥皮、食用病死藏羊是人间鼠疫主要的感染方式,藏系绵羊鼠疫与其引发的人间鼠疫几乎一致,其中11月(旱獭入蛰后)从藏系绵羊体内分离的鼠疫菌株数及其作为传染源引发的人间鼠疫病例数最多,形成了青海省藏羊鼠疫流行时间明显滞后于旱獭鼠疫的新特点。
The characteristics of the plague epidemic of Tibetan sheep in 40 years in Qinghai Province were analyzed for providing a scientific basis in preventing and controlling of sheep plague.The results showed that Yersinia pestis was isolated in the died Tibetan sheep from Yushu County in 1975,and confirmed that Tibetan sheep naturally infected with plague,and serve as a source of infection has been caused by the spread of the plague.14 Yersinia pestis were isolated from the body,caused the disease of a total of 10 human,the incidence of 25 cases,13 people dead,mortality was 52.00%~(〔1〕).The epidemic season occurred between 6 and 11 month,up to 11 cases in November,the cases of plague strains and are mainly distributed in Yushu,Nangqian,Zaduo,and Maduo,Maqin counties.It concluded that Tibetan sheep plague caused by marmot plague through biting marmot remains,and biting dead Tibetan sheep infected.There is consistency in Tibetan sheep epidemic and human plague cases caused by Tibetan sheep.The isolated Yersinia pestis from body of Tibetan sheep in November and human plague cases caused by isolated Yersinia pestis were most.This indicated that the epidemic time of Tibetan sheep plague lags obviously behind that of the Marmot plague.
The characteristics of the plague epidemic of Tibetan sheep in 40 years in Qinghai Province were analyzed for providing a scientific basis in preventing and controlling of sheep plague.The results showed that Yersinia pestis was isolated in the died Tibetan sheep from Yushu County in 1975,and confirmed that Tibetan sheep naturally infected with plague,and serve as a source of infection has been caused by the spread of the plague.14 Yersinia pestis were isolated from the body,caused the disease of a total of 10 human,the incidence of 25 cases,13 people dead,mortality was 52.00%~(〔1〕).The epidemic season occurred between 6 and 11 month,up to 11 cases in November,the cases of plague strains and are mainly distributed in Yushu,Nangqian,Zaduo,and Maduo,Maqin counties.It concluded that Tibetan sheep plague caused by marmot plague through biting marmot remains,and biting dead Tibetan sheep infected.There is consistency in Tibetan sheep epidemic and human plague cases caused by Tibetan sheep.The isolated Yersinia pestis from body of Tibetan sheep in November and human plague cases caused by isolated Yersinia pestis were most.This indicated that the epidemic time of Tibetan sheep plague lags obviously behind that of the Marmot plague.
引文
[1]藏系绵羊自然感染鼠疫的调查及实验研究.内部资料.1978.
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[3]李敏,1954~1996年喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行态势[J].地方病通报,1999,14(2):25-26.
[4]王文华,陈宝生,詹心如等.藏系绵羊对鼠疫菌感染性和敏感性研究[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,1994,10(6):8-10.
[5]李敏.我国偶蹄类自然感染鼠疫简介[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,2000,16(2):15.
[6]王祖郧.青海省藏系绵羊鼠疫及其防治[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,2000,16(4):98-99.
[7]王文华,李超.藏系绵羊鼠疫的调查研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,2001,20(6):467-468.
[8]李敏,王国钧,崔百忠等,1996~2005青海省鼠疫流行病学分析[J].中国地方病学杂志2006,25(6):662-664.
[9]杨永海,祁美英,任玲玲等.青海省西宁市屠宰绵羊鼠疫血清流行病学调查[J].青海医药杂志,2003,33(9):53-54.
[2]王文华,朱洪俊,孙铁林等.剥食病死藏系绵羊感染鼠疫的调查报告[J].中国地方病学杂志,1994,13(特刊):83-85.
[3]李敏,1954~1996年喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行态势[J].地方病通报,1999,14(2):25-26.
[4]王文华,陈宝生,詹心如等.藏系绵羊对鼠疫菌感染性和敏感性研究[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,1994,10(6):8-10.
[5]李敏.我国偶蹄类自然感染鼠疫简介[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,2000,16(2):15.
[6]王祖郧.青海省藏系绵羊鼠疫及其防治[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,2000,16(4):98-99.
[7]王文华,李超.藏系绵羊鼠疫的调查研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,2001,20(6):467-468.
[8]李敏,王国钧,崔百忠等,1996~2005青海省鼠疫流行病学分析[J].中国地方病学杂志2006,25(6):662-664.
[9]杨永海,祁美英,任玲玲等.青海省西宁市屠宰绵羊鼠疫血清流行病学调查[J].青海医药杂志,2003,33(9):53-54.