青海省海西州藏系绵羊鼠疫调查分析
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摘要
目的对青海省海西州开展藏系绵羊鼠疫病原学和血清流行病学调查,了解当地藏系绵羊鼠疫流行情况。方法应用鼠疫间接血凝试验(IHA)、胶体金纸上色谱(GICA)两种方法,对该地区1 813份藏系绵羊血清进行了检测;对分离自当地藏系绵羊的1株鼠疫菌进行生化试验、毒力测定、毒力因子鉴定、质粒分析、差异片段(DFR)分型等研究。结果采用IHA和GICA方法分别对所采集的1 813份藏系绵羊血清进行检测,均检出鼠疫Fl抗体阳性血清15份,阳性率为0.83%。其中,从德令哈市检出阳性血清7份,3份滴度为1∶20,3份滴度为1∶40,1份滴度为1∶80;乌兰县检出阳性血清8份,滴度均为1∶20。同时,证实鼠疫菌株的生态型为青藏高原型,毒力因子及毒力检测结果显示该株鼠疫菌为强毒菌,基因型(DFR)为8型,质粒谱6×106、45×106、52×106。结论该地区存在藏系绵羊鼠疫流行,所分离的鼠疫菌株具备青藏高原鼠疫病原体特性。因此,应加强藏系绵羊鼠疫的监测工作,尤其是旱獭鼠疫流行地区。
We conducted the etiology and serology epidemiological investigation of Tibetan sheep plague in Haixi Autonomous Prefecture,in order to understand the epidemic trend of Tibetan sheep plague in this area.We applied both IHA and GICA methods to test 1 813 samples of Tibetan sheep serum and chose one Yersinia pestis strain isolated in this area for biochemical test,toxicity test,virulence factors evaluation,plasmid analysis,and DFR genotyping.We used these two kinds of methods for test of 1 813 samples of Tibetan sheep serum respectively,the results of positive FI antibody both had 15 samples of serum,positive rate was 0.83%.Delingha City had 7positive serum samples,3titer were 1∶20,3titer were 1∶40and the other one was 1∶80.Meanwhile,Wulan County had 8positive serum sample,titers for both were 1∶20.We confirmed that the strain's ecotype were Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the results of virulence factors evaluation and toxicity test showed the strain was velogenic,genomovar(DFR)was genomovar8,plasmid spectrum was 6×106,45×106,and 52×106,respectively.Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture had the prevalence of Tibetan sheep plague,the strain separated from this area had the characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet plateau plague's pathogen.Therefore,the monitoring of Tibetan sheep plague should be strengthened,especially in Marmot plague epidemic areas.
We conducted the etiology and serology epidemiological investigation of Tibetan sheep plague in Haixi Autonomous Prefecture,in order to understand the epidemic trend of Tibetan sheep plague in this area.We applied both IHA and GICA methods to test 1 813 samples of Tibetan sheep serum and chose one Yersinia pestis strain isolated in this area for biochemical test,toxicity test,virulence factors evaluation,plasmid analysis,and DFR genotyping.We used these two kinds of methods for test of 1 813 samples of Tibetan sheep serum respectively,the results of positive FI antibody both had 15 samples of serum,positive rate was 0.83%.Delingha City had 7positive serum samples,3titer were 1∶20,3titer were 1∶40and the other one was 1∶80.Meanwhile,Wulan County had 8positive serum sample,titers for both were 1∶20.We confirmed that the strain's ecotype were Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the results of virulence factors evaluation and toxicity test showed the strain was velogenic,genomovar(DFR)was genomovar8,plasmid spectrum was 6×106,45×106,and 52×106,respectively.Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture had the prevalence of Tibetan sheep plague,the strain separated from this area had the characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet plateau plague's pathogen.Therefore,the monitoring of Tibetan sheep plague should be strengthened,especially in Marmot plague epidemic areas.
引文
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[7]Yang XY,Wei BQ,Jin J,et al.Regional genotyping and the geographical distribution regarding Yersinia pestis isolates in China[J].Chin J Epidemiol,2014,35(8):69-74.(in Chinese)杨晓艳,魏柏青,靳娟,等.中国鼠疫耶尔森菌差异区段分型及其地理分布特征[J].中华流行病学杂志,2014,35(8):69-74.
[8]Wang ZY,Wang W,Chen HJ,et al.Epidemiology investigation for Tibetan sheep plague along Qinghai-Tibet railway[J].Chin J Endemiol,2007,26(3):348.(in Chinese)王祖郧,王虎,陈洪舰,等.青藏铁路沿线藏系绵羊鼠疫流行病学调查[J].中国地方病学杂志,2007,26(3):348.
[9]Wei RJ,Wang ZY.Biological features of Yersinia pestis strains isolated from human plague in Wulan county in 2004[J].Chin J Zoonoses,2007,23(3):507-509.(in Chinese)魏荣杰,王祖郧.2004年乌兰县2起人间鼠疫分离株的生物学特性分析[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2007,23(3),507-509.
[10]Wu KM,Li C,Wang YZ,et al.A retrospective analysis of plague in Three-River Source Region of Qinghai from 1954to2007[J].Chin J Endemiol,2008,27(6):647-650.(in Chinese)吴克梅,李超,汪元忠,等.1954-2006年青海省三江源地区鼠疫及其流行病学分析[J].中国地方病学杂志,2008,27(6):647-650.
[2]Wei BQ,Xiong HM,Yang XY,et al,Epidemiological and etiological characteristic analysis of Tibetan sheep plague in Qinghai plateau[J].Chin J Epidemiol,2015,36(3):271-274.(in Chinese)魏柏青,熊浩明,杨晓艳,等.青海高原藏系绵羊鼠疫流行病学和病原学特征分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2015,36(3):271-274.
[3]Zhu JQ,Li M,Wang L,et al.Study on biological features and epidemiological significance of Yersinia pestis in Qinghai plague natural focus[J].Endem Dis Bull,1994,9(1):1-5.(in Chinese)朱锦沁,李敏,王丽,等.青海省鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌某些生物学特性及其流行病学意义的研究[J].地方病通报,1994,9(1):1-5.
[4]Dai RX,Wei BQ,Li CX,et al.The pathogenic ecology research Oil plague in Qinghai plateau[J].Chin J Prev Med,2013,47(12):1083-1088.(in Chinese)代瑞霞,魏柏青,李存香,等.青海高原鼠疫病原生态学研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,2013,47(12):1083-1088.
[5]Li M,Yu XT,Jin LX,et al.The characteristics and epidemiological significance of Chinese Yersinia pestis’large plasmid[J].Chin J Endemiol,1994,13(4):223-225.(in Chinese)李敏,于晓涛,金丽霞,等.我国鼠疫菌大质粒的特性及其流行病学意义[J].中国地方病学杂志,1994,13(4):223-225.
[6]Li Y,Dai E,Cui Y,et al.Different region analysis for genotyping Yersinia pestis isolates from China[J].PLoS One,2008,3(5):e2166.
[7]Yang XY,Wei BQ,Jin J,et al.Regional genotyping and the geographical distribution regarding Yersinia pestis isolates in China[J].Chin J Epidemiol,2014,35(8):69-74.(in Chinese)杨晓艳,魏柏青,靳娟,等.中国鼠疫耶尔森菌差异区段分型及其地理分布特征[J].中华流行病学杂志,2014,35(8):69-74.
[8]Wang ZY,Wang W,Chen HJ,et al.Epidemiology investigation for Tibetan sheep plague along Qinghai-Tibet railway[J].Chin J Endemiol,2007,26(3):348.(in Chinese)王祖郧,王虎,陈洪舰,等.青藏铁路沿线藏系绵羊鼠疫流行病学调查[J].中国地方病学杂志,2007,26(3):348.
[9]Wei RJ,Wang ZY.Biological features of Yersinia pestis strains isolated from human plague in Wulan county in 2004[J].Chin J Zoonoses,2007,23(3):507-509.(in Chinese)魏荣杰,王祖郧.2004年乌兰县2起人间鼠疫分离株的生物学特性分析[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2007,23(3),507-509.
[10]Wu KM,Li C,Wang YZ,et al.A retrospective analysis of plague in Three-River Source Region of Qinghai from 1954to2007[J].Chin J Endemiol,2008,27(6):647-650.(in Chinese)吴克梅,李超,汪元忠,等.1954-2006年青海省三江源地区鼠疫及其流行病学分析[J].中国地方病学杂志,2008,27(6):647-650.