微藻处理废水的研究进展
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摘要
微藻可以高效利用废水中的部分小分子有机质、氮和磷等污染物合成生物质,并达到处理废水的目的。近年来,利用微藻进行农业废水、工业废水、城市废水和含农药以及抗生素等有害废水的处理等有了一些新的尝试。本文中,笔者重点分析了微藻处理废水中藻种选育、藻菌共培养、藻菌絮体、工艺集成和反应器设计以及可持续综合开发等关键技术问题。其中,藻菌共培养可以发挥微藻和菌的各自优势,提高废水处理效率。藻菌絮体技术还具有便于采收的特点,具备进一步研究的潜力。针对不同废水的处理需求,笔者提出合理构建绿色可持续发展路线,推动微藻处理废水的更广泛应用。
Microalgae can efficiently utilize some organic matter with small molecular weight,nitrogen and phosphate,and convert them into biomass. At the same time,wastewater treatment is achieved. In recent years,some studies were performed to treat the agriculture wastewater,industrial wastewater,municipal wastewater and toxic wastewater containing pesticides and antibiotics.We analyze the critical technological problems including selection of microalgae species,co-culture of microalgae and bacteria,microalgal bacterial flocs,process integration and photobioreactor design. Co-culture of microalgae and bacteria can present the individual advantages and improve the treatment efficiency. Microalgae bacterial flocs has additional characteristic and the potential for further development.It is necessary to establish green route for the sustainable development of microalgae wastewater treatment.It is the most important to improve the wastewater treatment efficiency and promote the wider utilization in the future.
Microalgae can efficiently utilize some organic matter with small molecular weight,nitrogen and phosphate,and convert them into biomass. At the same time,wastewater treatment is achieved. In recent years,some studies were performed to treat the agriculture wastewater,industrial wastewater,municipal wastewater and toxic wastewater containing pesticides and antibiotics.We analyze the critical technological problems including selection of microalgae species,co-culture of microalgae and bacteria,microalgal bacterial flocs,process integration and photobioreactor design. Co-culture of microalgae and bacteria can present the individual advantages and improve the treatment efficiency. Microalgae bacterial flocs has additional characteristic and the potential for further development.It is necessary to establish green route for the sustainable development of microalgae wastewater treatment.It is the most important to improve the wastewater treatment efficiency and promote the wider utilization in the future.
引文
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[3] HALFHIDE T,AKERSTROM A,LEKANG O I,et al.Production of algal biomass,chlorophyll,starch and lipids using aquaculture wastewater under axenic and non-axenic conditions[J]. Algal Res,2014,6:152-9.
[4] ADDY M M,KABIR F,ZHANG R,et al. Co-cultivation of microalgae in aquaponic systems[J]. Bioresour Technol,2017,245:27-34.
[5] XU J,ZHAO Y,ZHAO G,et al. Nutrient removal and biogas upgrading by integrating freshwater algae cultivation with piggery anaerobic digestate liquid treatment[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2015,99:6493-6501.
[6] GANESHKUMAR V, SUBASHCHANDRABOSE S R,DHARMARAJAN R,et al.Use of mixed wastewaters from piggery and winery for nutrient removal and lipid production by Chlorella sp.MM3[J].Bioresour Technol,2018,256:254-258.
[7] HUY M,KUMAR G,KIM H W,et al.Photoautotrophic cultivation of mixed microalgae consortia using various organic waste streams towards remediation and resource recovery[J].Bioresour Technol,2018,247:576-581.
[8] GAO F,PENG Y Y,LI C,et al. Simultaneous nutrient removal and biomass/lipid production by Chlorella sp. in seafood processing wastewater[J]. Sci Total Environ,2018,640-641:943-953.
[9] MEMON AR,ANDRESEN J,HABIB M,et al. Simulated sugar factory wastewater remediation kinetics using algal-bacterial raceway reactor promoted by polyacrylate polyalcohol[J].Bioresour Technol,2014,157:37-43.
[10] SOLOVCHENKO A,POGOSYAN S,CHIVKUNOVA O,et al.Phycoremediation of alcohol distillery wastewater with a novel Chlorella sorokiniana strain cultivated in a photobioreactor monitored on-line via chlorophyll fluorescence[J]. Algal Res,2014,6:234-241.
[11] GE S,CHAMPAGNE P. Nutrient removal,microalgal biomass growth,harvesting and lipid yield in response to centrate wastewater loadings[J].Water Res,2016,88:604-612.
[12] REN H,TUO J,ADDY M M,et al. Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in a pilot-scale photobioreactor using real centrate wastewater with waste glycerol for improving microalgae biomass production and wastewater nutrients removal[J]. Bioresour Technol,2017,245:1130-1138.
[13] DANESHVAR E,ZARRINMEHR M J,HASHTJIN A M,et al.Versatile applications of freshwater and marine water microalgae in dairy wastewater treatment,lipid extraction and tetracycline biosorption[J].Bioresour Technol,2018,268:523-530.
[14] WANG J H,ZHANG T Y,DAO G H,et al. Microalgae-based advanced municipal wastewater treatment for reuse in water bodies[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2017; 101:2659-2675.
[15] CHENG J,YE Q,XU J,et al. Improving pollutants removal by microalgae Chlorella PY-ZU1 with 15%CO2from undiluted anaerobic digestion effluent of food wastes with ozonation pretreatment[J].Bioresour Technol,2016,216:273-279.
[16] KATAM K,BHATTACHARYYA D. Comparative study on treatment of kitchen wastewater using a mixed microalgal culture and an aerobic bacterial culture:kinetic evaluation and FAME analysis[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2018,25:20732-20742.
[17] JIANG L,PEI H,HU W,et al. The feasibility of using complex wastewater from a monosodium glutamate factory to cultivate Spirulina subsalsa and accumulate biochemical composition[J].Bioresour Technol,2015,180:304-310.
[18] ARIAS D M,SOLE-BUNDO M,GARFI M,et al. Integrating microalgae tertiary treatment into activated sludge systems for energy and nutrients recovery from wastewater[J]. Bioresour Technol,2018,247:513-519.
[19] BAGLIERI A,SIDELLA S,BARONE V,et al. Cultivating Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda microalgae to degrade inorganic compounds and pesticides in water[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2016,23:18165-18174.
[20] GUO W Q,ZHENG H S,LI S,et al. Removal of cephalosporin antibiotics 7-ACA from wastewater during the cultivation of lipidaccumulating microalgae[J]. Bioresour Technol,2016,221:284-290.
[21] NORVILL Z N,TOLEDO-CERVANTES A,BLANCO S,et al.Photodegradation and sorption govern tetracycline removal during wastewater treatment in algal ponds[J].Bioresour Technol,2017,232:35-43.
[22] HOM-DIAZ A,JAEN-GIL A,BELLO-LASERNA L,et al.Performance of a microalgal photobioreactor treating toilet wastewater:pharmaceutically active compound removal and biomass harvesting[J].Sci Total Environ,2017,592:1-11.
[23] CHENG J,YE Q,LI K,et al. Removing ethinylestradiol from wastewater by microalgae mutant Chlorella PY-ZU1 with CO2fixation[J].Bioresour Technol,2018,249:284-289.
[24] SHI X,YEAP T S,HUANG S,et al. Pretreatment of saline antibiotic wastewater using marine microalga[J]. Bioresour Technol,2018,258:240-246.
[25] CHENG T,ZHANG W,ZHANG W,et al. An oleaginous filamentous microalgae Tribonema minus exhibits high removing potential of industrial phenol contaminants[J]. Bioresour Technol,2017,238:749-754.
[26] KURADE M B,KIM J R,GOVINDWAR S P,et al.Insights into microalgae mediated biodegradation of diazinon by Chlorella vulgaris:microalgaltolerance to xenobiotic pollutants and metabolism[J].Algal Res,2016,20:126-134.
[27] WANG L B,XUE C Z,WANG L,et al. Strain improvement of Chlorella sp. for phenol biodegradation by adaptive laboratory evolution[J].Bioresour Technol,2016,205:264-268.
[28] ZHANG T Y,WU Y H,ZHUANG L L,et al. Screening heterotrophic microalgal strains by using the Biolog method for biofuel production from organic wastewater[J]. Algal Res,2014,6:175-179.
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