除草剂施田补对沼水蛙血细胞和心肌收缩能力的影响
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摘要
以沼水蛙(Hylarana guentheri)为研究对象,研究了不同剂量的施田补溶液对沼水蛙的急性毒性效应及其外周血红细胞数/白细胞数、红细胞微核率、红细胞核异常率和总核异常率等的影响,同时利用Powerlab生物信号采集系统研究了施田补对沼水蛙心肌收缩能力的影响。结果显示,施田补对沼水蛙的96 h半致死剂量、安全剂量分别为1.149 9 m L/L和0.115 0 m L/L。所有药物组(0.012 5~0.400 0 m L/L)沼水蛙的血红细胞微核率、核异常率、总核异常率等均高于对照组,而且大部分药物组与清水对照组差异显著或极显著。在较高剂量(≥0.050 0 m L/L)中处理较长时间(192 h)时差异更加明显。所有药物组的外周血白细胞数/红细胞数与对照组相比差异均极显著。施田补对沼水蛙心肌收缩功能具有一定的毒害作用。综上,施田补对沼水蛙具有较大的毒害作用。
The herbicide(Pendimethalin) was taken as target drug,and the frog(Hylarana guentheri)was taken as the object. Using different doses of Pendimethalin,the acute toxicity reactions,the micronucleus rate,nuclear abnormal rate,total nuclear abnormal rate of erythrocytes and the leucocyte /erythrocytes(WBC/RBC) in the peripheral blood of Hylarana guentheri were studied. With the biological signal acquisition system of Powerlab,the effect of Pendimethalin on the frog 's myocardial contraction ability was also studied. The results showed that the frog's 96 hours half lethal dose(LD50) is 1. 149 9m L/L and the safe dose(SD) was 0. 115 0 m L/L. In the groups treated with Pendimethalin,the frog's micronucleus rate,nuclear abnormal rate and total nuclear abnormal rate of erythrocytes were all higher than the control group. And there were significant differences(P < 0. 05) or extremely significant differences(P < 0. 01) between the control group and the most groups treated with Pendimethalin. When the dose was higher(≥0. 050 0 m L/L) and the treated time was longer(192 h),the differences were more obvious. The WBC/RBC in all experimental groups contrasted with control group were all reached the level of extremely significant differences(P < 0. 01). The result also showed that Pendimethalin had certain poison effection on myocardial contraction function of Hylarana guentheri. Overall,Pendimethalinhad a great poison effection on Hylarana guentheri.
The herbicide(Pendimethalin) was taken as target drug,and the frog(Hylarana guentheri)was taken as the object. Using different doses of Pendimethalin,the acute toxicity reactions,the micronucleus rate,nuclear abnormal rate,total nuclear abnormal rate of erythrocytes and the leucocyte /erythrocytes(WBC/RBC) in the peripheral blood of Hylarana guentheri were studied. With the biological signal acquisition system of Powerlab,the effect of Pendimethalin on the frog 's myocardial contraction ability was also studied. The results showed that the frog's 96 hours half lethal dose(LD50) is 1. 149 9m L/L and the safe dose(SD) was 0. 115 0 m L/L. In the groups treated with Pendimethalin,the frog's micronucleus rate,nuclear abnormal rate and total nuclear abnormal rate of erythrocytes were all higher than the control group. And there were significant differences(P < 0. 05) or extremely significant differences(P < 0. 01) between the control group and the most groups treated with Pendimethalin. When the dose was higher(≥0. 050 0 m L/L) and the treated time was longer(192 h),the differences were more obvious. The WBC/RBC in all experimental groups contrasted with control group were all reached the level of extremely significant differences(P < 0. 01). The result also showed that Pendimethalin had certain poison effection on myocardial contraction function of Hylarana guentheri. Overall,Pendimethalinhad a great poison effection on Hylarana guentheri.
引文
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[2]叶祖国,蔡瑞峰.化学除草剂对畜禽的危害及防治[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2005(6):39.
[3]张淑花,高梅香,张雪萍,等.除草剂对农田中小型土壤动物群落结构的影响[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(10):70-73,99.
[4]南旭阳.除草剂“草甘膦”对鲫鱼外周血红细胞微核及核异常的影响[J].安徽师范大学学报,2001,24(4):329-331.
[5]张民,顾宇飞,顾颖,等.低浓度五氯酚对鲫鱼血液细胞毒性的体外研究[J].环境化学,2005,24(3):302-306.
[6]邱福泉,潘元宽.除草剂使用不当引起鸡群中毒[J].养禽与禽病防治,1997(3):43.
[7]李丽明.一药多用的新除草剂——施田补[J].新农业,1995(5):19.
[8]邵晨,蒋立琴,鲍伟利.除草剂施田补对鲫鱼红细胞核异常的诱导[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(3):266-268.
[9]施时迪,邵晨.二种除草剂对虎纹蛙蝌蚪的毒性研究[J].科技通报,2006,22(2):173-175.
[10]艾洪宾.人体解剖生理学实验教程[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2010.
[11]张丽岩,宋欣,高玮玮,等.Cd2+对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)的毒性及蓄积过程研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(3):418-421.
[12]徐汉红,张志祥,程东美.生物农药的发展优势及存在问题[J].世界农药,2004,26(2):5-10.
[13]Loretta M C,Casida T E.Pyrethroid toxicology in the frog[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,1983,20(3):217-224.
[14]周宏治.农药甲基对硫磷污染环境的微核研究[J].四川大学学报:自然科学版,2000,37(增刊):62-66.
[15]贺维顺,王蕊芳.蝌蚪血细胞微核和核异常监测水质污染的研究[J].动物学研究,1990,11(1):1-5.
[16]耿德贵.除草剂乙草胺对蝌蚪红细胞微核及核异常的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2000,17(1):36-38.
[17]蒋正尧,谢俊霞.人体生理学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2010:8,79.
[18]南旭阳.铬离子对鲫鱼红细胞核、血细胞数和血红蛋白量影响的研究[J].浙江师范大学学报,2002,25(3):303-307.
[19]周衍椒,张镜如.生理学[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1983.
[20]王军,朱鲁生,林爱军.二甲戊乐灵的残留毒理研究现状[J].农药,2001(6):8-11.