啶虫脒对中华蟾蜍蝌蚪的急性毒性和微核核异常的诱导作用
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摘要
通过半静态染毒法研究了啶虫脒的急性毒性.在此基础上,进一步研究了半静态和静态两种染毒方式下不同质量浓度(ρ=0.001,0.005,0.009,0.013,0.017 mg·L-1)的啶虫脒溶液对中华蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)蝌蚪血红细胞微核及核异常的诱导作用.结果表明,啶虫脒对中华蟾蜍蝌蚪的24,48,72,96h的ρLC50分别为0.544,0.095,0.058,0.036 mg·L-1.在低于安全质量浓度(<0.003 6 mg·L-1)下处理7 d,蝌蚪的微核率与核异常率与对照组相比均无统计学差异.半静态实验表明,随着啶虫脒质量浓度的提高及染毒时间的延长,蝌蚪的微核率及核异常率呈不断上升的趋势;在质量浓度为0.005 mg·L-1的啶虫脒溶液中处理3 d后,蝌蚪的微核率和核异常率开始比对照组有显著和极显著提高.静态实验中,在质量浓度为0.005 mg·L-1的啶虫脒溶液中处理3 d后,蝌蚪的微核率出现有显著的提高;各处理组核异常率的最高值出现在染毒3~5 d后,而后出现下降现象,但仍高于对照组.说明由于时间的延长,药性的衰退,蝌蚪能通过机体的调整而得到部分修复.上述实验结果说明,微核率及核异常率的提高可能是评价啶虫脒应用安全的潜在灵敏指标.
Acute toxicity of acetamiprid on Bufo gargarizans tadpoles was studied by using the semi-static exposure method. Based on the study,the micronuclear test was used to study the inducement of different concentrations of acetamiprid( 0. 001,0. 005,0. 009,0. 013,0. 017 mg·L- 1) to micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in erythrocytes of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles by using the semi-static and static exposure methods. The results showed that 24,48,72,96 h ρLC50values of acetamiprid for the tadpoles were 0. 544,0. 095,0. 058,0. 036 mg · L- 1,respectively. When the tadpoles exposed to acetamiprid with the concentration lower than the safe concentration( <0. 003 6 mg·L- 1) for 7 days,there were no significant differences in the micronuclei rate and nuclear anomaly rate in their erythrocytes between the tested and control groups. In the semi-static test,the micronuclei rate and nuclear anomaly rate of tadpoles increased with the increasing acetamiprid concentrations and the exposure time. The exposure to acetamiprid of 0. 005 mg·L- 1for 3days resulted in significant increases in micronuclei rate and strong significant increases in nuclear anomaly rate in the tadpoles. In the static test,the exposure to acetamiprid of 0. 005 mg·L- 1for 3days resulted in significant increases in micronuclei rate in tadpoles; and in the tested groups,the nuclear anomaly rates reached the highest values after the exposure for 3 ~ 5 days,and then descended,but still higher than the control groups. The results of this study indicated that the tadpoles may partly repair the body status with the decline of the drug effect,and increase of micronuclei rate and nuclear anomaly rate may be potential sensitive indicator in evaluating the applied safety of acetamiprid.
Acute toxicity of acetamiprid on Bufo gargarizans tadpoles was studied by using the semi-static exposure method. Based on the study,the micronuclear test was used to study the inducement of different concentrations of acetamiprid( 0. 001,0. 005,0. 009,0. 013,0. 017 mg·L- 1) to micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in erythrocytes of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles by using the semi-static and static exposure methods. The results showed that 24,48,72,96 h ρLC50values of acetamiprid for the tadpoles were 0. 544,0. 095,0. 058,0. 036 mg · L- 1,respectively. When the tadpoles exposed to acetamiprid with the concentration lower than the safe concentration( <0. 003 6 mg·L- 1) for 7 days,there were no significant differences in the micronuclei rate and nuclear anomaly rate in their erythrocytes between the tested and control groups. In the semi-static test,the micronuclei rate and nuclear anomaly rate of tadpoles increased with the increasing acetamiprid concentrations and the exposure time. The exposure to acetamiprid of 0. 005 mg·L- 1for 3days resulted in significant increases in micronuclei rate and strong significant increases in nuclear anomaly rate in the tadpoles. In the static test,the exposure to acetamiprid of 0. 005 mg·L- 1for 3days resulted in significant increases in micronuclei rate in tadpoles; and in the tested groups,the nuclear anomaly rates reached the highest values after the exposure for 3 ~ 5 days,and then descended,but still higher than the control groups. The results of this study indicated that the tadpoles may partly repair the body status with the decline of the drug effect,and increase of micronuclei rate and nuclear anomaly rate may be potential sensitive indicator in evaluating the applied safety of acetamiprid.
引文
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[22]钟碧瑾,黄增财,林玲,等.杀虫剂三唑磷对沼水蛙(Hylarana guentheri)蝌蚪的遗传毒性研究[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(2):244-250.
[23]江沄,苏圣坚,张俊思,等.甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对2种蝌蚪血红细胞微核及核异常的诱导[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(4):88-93.
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[25]谢志浩,李骏,平波,等.四种除草剂对泥鳅红细胞遗传毒性的研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(4):412-416.
[26]王文蔚,方芳,李春明.环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的时间、剂量-效应观察[J].广东微量元素科学,2006,13(8):27-31.
[27]黄彧,潘康标,徐炜枫,等.啶虫脒在水稻和稻田水土中的残留及消解动态[J].现代农药,2009,8(6):40-43.
[28]乔雄梧.农药在土壤中的环境行为[J].农药科学与管理,1999(增刊):12-16.
[29]WANATABE S,ITO S,KAMATA Y,et al.Development of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs)based on monoclonal antibodies for chloronicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and acetamiprid[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2001,427(2):211-219.
[30]YOUN Y N,SEO M J,SHIN J G,et al.Toxicity of greenhouse pesticides to multicolored Asian lady beetles,Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)[J].Biological Control,2003,28(2):164-170.
[31]MAIN A,MARTINEZ-VIDAL J L,EGEA-GONZALEZ F J,et al.Assessment of potential(inhalation and dermal)and actual exposure to acetamiprid by greenhouse applicators using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography B,2004,804(2):269-275.
[2]周育,庾琴,侯慧锋,等.新型烟碱类杀虫剂啶虫脒研究进展[J].植物保护,2006,32(3):16-20.
[3]徐德进,顾中言,徐广春,等.不同啶虫脒剂型对烟粉虱的毒力差异及原因分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(10):1347-1352.
[4]MATEU-SANCHEZ M,MORENO M,ARREBOLA F J,et al.Analysis of acetamiprid in vegetables using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Analytical Sciences,2003,19(5):701-704.
[5]唐振华,陶黎明,李忠.新型烟碱类杀虫剂选择作用的分子机理[J].农药学学报,2006,8(4):291-298.
[6]梁巧丽,陆永跃,梁广文.应用3种方法评价4种新氯化烟碱类杀虫剂对棉花粉蚧的毒力[J].华南农业大学学报,2014,35(4):61-66.
[7]张海滨,杜辉.浅议杀虫剂啶虫脒在我国的发展[J].浙江化工,2004,35(7):30-31,27.
[8]ALFORD R A,DIXON P M,PECHMANN J H K.Global amphibian population declines[J].Nature,2001,412(6846):498-500.
[9]KIESECKER J M,BLAUSTEIN A R,BELDEN L K.Complex causes of amphibian population declines[J].Nature,2001,410(6829):681-684.
[10]BLAUSTEIN A R,ROMANSIC J M,KIESECKER J M,et al.Ultraviolet radiation,toxic chemicals and amphibian population declines[J].Diversity and Distributions,2003,9(2):123-140.
[11]王丹丹,赵尔宓.阿维菌素对黑斑侧褶蛙毒理效应的研究[J].四川动物,2013,32(3):334-342.
[12]费梁,胡淑琴,叶昌媛,等.中国动物志两栖纲:中册[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[13]GOSNER K L.A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification[J].Herpetologica,1960,16(3):183-190.
[14]周永欣,章宗涉.水生生物毒性试验方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1989.
[15]耿德贵,张大生,程伟,等.四种除草剂对中华蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核及核异常的影响[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(1):12-16.
[16]吴声敢,陈丽萍,吴长兴,等.4种杀虫剂对水生生物的急性毒性与安全评价[J].浙江农业学报,2011,23(1):101-106.
[17]符史杭,李玉凤,曹露露,等.农药啶虫脒对虎纹蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性研究[J].北京农业,2014(15):9-10.
[18]中华人民共和国环境保护部.化学农药环境安全评价试验准则[J].农药科学与管理,1990(4):4-9.
[19]季静,肖斌,李杨.等.两种不同剂型毒死蜱对四种环境生物的毒性评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(9):1681-1686.
[20]FENG S L,KONG Z M,WANG X M,et al.Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of two novel pesticides on amphibian,Rana N-Hallowell[J].Chemosphere,2004,56(5):457-463.
[21]GENG B R,YAO D,XUE Q Q.Genotoxicity of the pesticide dichiorvos and herbicide butachlor in Rhacophorus megacephalus tadpoles[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,2005,51(3):447-454.
[22]钟碧瑾,黄增财,林玲,等.杀虫剂三唑磷对沼水蛙(Hylarana guentheri)蝌蚪的遗传毒性研究[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(2):244-250.
[23]江沄,苏圣坚,张俊思,等.甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对2种蝌蚪血红细胞微核及核异常的诱导[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(4):88-93.
[24]LOWCOCK L A,SHARBEL T F,BONIN J,et al.Flow cytometric assay for in vivo genotoxic effects of pesticides in green frogs(Rana clamitans)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,1997,38(4):241-255.
[25]谢志浩,李骏,平波,等.四种除草剂对泥鳅红细胞遗传毒性的研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(4):412-416.
[26]王文蔚,方芳,李春明.环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的时间、剂量-效应观察[J].广东微量元素科学,2006,13(8):27-31.
[27]黄彧,潘康标,徐炜枫,等.啶虫脒在水稻和稻田水土中的残留及消解动态[J].现代农药,2009,8(6):40-43.
[28]乔雄梧.农药在土壤中的环境行为[J].农药科学与管理,1999(增刊):12-16.
[29]WANATABE S,ITO S,KAMATA Y,et al.Development of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs)based on monoclonal antibodies for chloronicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and acetamiprid[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2001,427(2):211-219.
[30]YOUN Y N,SEO M J,SHIN J G,et al.Toxicity of greenhouse pesticides to multicolored Asian lady beetles,Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)[J].Biological Control,2003,28(2):164-170.
[31]MAIN A,MARTINEZ-VIDAL J L,EGEA-GONZALEZ F J,et al.Assessment of potential(inhalation and dermal)and actual exposure to acetamiprid by greenhouse applicators using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography B,2004,804(2):269-275.