表演水池鱼跃浪压力计算与试验
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摘要
海洋馆内表演水池的透明亚克力板跨度大,侧向刚度低.虎鲸表演形成的动水压力会引起亚克力板向外变形,其量值对亚克力板的变形控制而言是关键因素.开展了表演水池鱼跃浪的缩尺模型试验,测得动水压力.与规范公式比较,提出了表演水池鱼跃引起动水压力的计算方法.还采用实测动水压力对鱼跃过程中亚克力板的受力变形进行了有限元数值模拟.试验和计算结果表明:鱼跃动水压力使亚克力板产生的侧向位移最大达到静水压力位移的88.6%,在设计时值得重视.
Due to the large span and small lateral stiffness of the transparent acrylic plate applied in aquarium performance pool,the outward deformation caused by hydrodynamic pressure becomes a critical factor to the plate′s deformation control during the Orcinus orca performing.The scale model test of performance pool suffering from diving wave is implemented,in which the hydrodynamic pressure is measured.Comparing with the specification method,a new method is proposed to calculate hydrodynamic pressure caused by diving wave in performance pool.Additionally,by using the measured hydrodynamic pressure the deformation of acrylic plate in the process of diving is simulated with finite element method.The test and simulation results show that the lateral displacement of the acrylic plate produced by diving hydrodynamic pressure can reach 88.6% of that produced by hydrostatic pressure,so attention should be paid during design.
Due to the large span and small lateral stiffness of the transparent acrylic plate applied in aquarium performance pool,the outward deformation caused by hydrodynamic pressure becomes a critical factor to the plate′s deformation control during the Orcinus orca performing.The scale model test of performance pool suffering from diving wave is implemented,in which the hydrodynamic pressure is measured.Comparing with the specification method,a new method is proposed to calculate hydrodynamic pressure caused by diving wave in performance pool.Additionally,by using the measured hydrodynamic pressure the deformation of acrylic plate in the process of diving is simulated with finite element method.The test and simulation results show that the lateral displacement of the acrylic plate produced by diving hydrodynamic pressure can reach 88.6% of that produced by hydrostatic pressure,so attention should be paid during design.
引文
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[3]华艳茹.波浪正向入射对直立式防波堤的作用力[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2008.HUA Yanru.Study on the forward incident wave pressure on the vertical face breakwater[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2008.(in Chinese)
[4]王登婷.直墙波浪力计算中几个问题的探讨[J].水动力学研究与进展,2005,20(3):286-292.WANG Dengting.Discussion of some problems about wave force calculation on a vertical wall[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2005,20(3):286-292.(in Chinese)
[5]李玉成.波浪对海上建筑物的作用[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990:12.LI Yucheng.Wave Action on Maritime Structures[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1990:12.(in Chinese)
[6]潘少华.波浪、冰凌和船舶对水工建筑物的荷载与作用[M].北京:海洋出版社,1986.PAN Shaohua.The Load and Effect of Wave,Ice and Ship on Hydraulic Structures[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1986.(in Chinese)
[7]舒宁,王曼颖.合田良实波压力计算公式在英国标准中的应用[J].中国港湾建设,2003(1):18-22.SHU Ning,WANG Manying.Application of Goda formula for wave pressure in British standard[J].China Harbour Engineering,2003(1):18-22.(in Chinese)
[8]徐绩青,杨成渝,蔡晓禹,等.波浪正向入射对斜坡作用的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2005,20(3):357-362.XU Jiqing,YANG Chengyu,CAI Xiaoyu,et al.Study on the forward incident wave force on the slope[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2005,20(3):357-362.(in Chinese)
[9]KIRKGZ M S.Influence of water depth on the breaking wave impact on vertical and sloping walls[J].Coastal Engineering,1992,18(3/4):297-314.
[10]KIRKGZ M S.Breaking wave impact on vertical and sloping coastal structures[J].Ocean Engineering,1995,22(1):35-48.
[11]王树青,梁丙臣.海洋工程波浪力学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2013.WANG Shuqing,LIANG Bingchen.Wave Mechanics for Ocean Engineering[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[12]黄锦林.库岸滑坡涌浪对坝体影响研究[D].天津:天津大学,2011.HUANG Jinlin.Study on the surge of reservoir bank landslide and its effect on dam body[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2011.(in Chinese)
[13]邱大洪.波浪理论及其在工程上的应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1985.QIU Dahong.Wave Theory and Its Application in Engineering[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1985.(in Chinese)
[14]林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1-8.LIN Gao,ZHU Tong,LIN Bei.Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2000,40(1):1-8.(in Chinese)
[15]李炜,徐孝平.水力学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000.LI Wei,XU Xiaoping.Hydraulics[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2000.(in Chinese)