中学在校孤儿自我控制能力对健康危险行为的影响
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摘要
目的探讨孤儿自我控制能力和健康危险行为现况及其相互关系,为干预和预防孤儿健康危险行为提供科学依据。方法 2017年10月—2018年4月,采用青少年健康相关危险行为问卷和自我控制量表对取自湖南、辽宁、四川、广东、福建等5省采用方便取样法收集到的415名中学在校孤儿和352名在校非孤儿进行调查。结果普通中学孤儿的健康危险行为总均分(1.76±0.70)高于孤儿学校孤儿(1.55±0.40)和非孤儿(1.50±0.37),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在孤儿学校孤儿的自我控制能力总均分(3.37±0.56)高于普通中学孤儿(3.07±0.63)和非孤儿(3.13±0.60),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。孤儿自我控制能力能够负向预测健康危险行为44%的变异。结论自我控制能力是孤儿健康危险行为的重要保护性因素;孤儿学校环境有利于孤儿自我控制能力的发展,有利于预防和干预孤儿健康危险行为。
Objective To explore relationship between self-control and health risk behavior among orphans in middle schools. Methods A total of 415 orphans and 352 non-orphans in middle schools were selected from Hunan, Liaoning, Sichuan, Guangdong and Fujian during Oct. 2017 to Apr. 2018. All the participants were surveyed with the Adolescent Health Related Risky Behavior Inventory(AHRBI) and the Self-Control Scale(SCS). Results All the orphans in ordinary middle schools obtained significant higher scores in AHRBI(1.76±0.70) than students in orphan schools(1.55±0.40) and non-orphans(1.50±0.37)(P<0.01). Students in orphan middle schools showed significant higher scores in SCS(3.37±0.56) than orphans in ordinary middle schools(3.07±0.63) and non-orphans(3.13±0.60)(P<0.05). Self-control of orphans was significantly associated with 44% lower risk of health risk behaviors(P<0.05). Conclusion Self-control could be seen as a protective factor for health risk behaviors among orphaned children and adolescents. The environment of orphan schools is beneficial to the development of self-control, and thus helps preventing health risk behaviors among orphaned children.
Objective To explore relationship between self-control and health risk behavior among orphans in middle schools. Methods A total of 415 orphans and 352 non-orphans in middle schools were selected from Hunan, Liaoning, Sichuan, Guangdong and Fujian during Oct. 2017 to Apr. 2018. All the participants were surveyed with the Adolescent Health Related Risky Behavior Inventory(AHRBI) and the Self-Control Scale(SCS). Results All the orphans in ordinary middle schools obtained significant higher scores in AHRBI(1.76±0.70) than students in orphan schools(1.55±0.40) and non-orphans(1.50±0.37)(P<0.01). Students in orphan middle schools showed significant higher scores in SCS(3.37±0.56) than orphans in ordinary middle schools(3.07±0.63) and non-orphans(3.13±0.60)(P<0.05). Self-control of orphans was significantly associated with 44% lower risk of health risk behaviors(P<0.05). Conclusion Self-control could be seen as a protective factor for health risk behaviors among orphaned children and adolescents. The environment of orphan schools is beneficial to the development of self-control, and thus helps preventing health risk behaviors among orphaned children.
引文
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[19] 李晓敏,辛铁钢,张琳钰,等.中学生无聊倾向自我控制与手机成瘾的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(10):1487-1490.
[20] 关元,何嘉梅.自我控制:内涵、理论及展望[J].心理技术与应用,2018,6(2):118-128.
[21] 程苏,刘璐,郑涌.社会排斥的研究范式与理论模型[J].心理科学进展,2011,19(6):905-915.
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[23] SULLIVAN T N,FARRELL A D,KLIEWER W.Peer victimisation in early adolescence:association between physical and relational victimisation and drug use,aggression,and delinquentbehaviors among urban middle school students[J].Dev Psychopathol,2006,18(1):119-137.
[2] 杨丽珠,沈悦.儿童自我控制的发展与促进[M].合肥:安徽教育出版社,2013.
[3] COYNE M A,WRIGHT J P.The stability of self-control across childhood[J].Person Indiv Diff,2014,69:144-149.DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.026.
[4] de RIDDER D T D,LENSVELT-MULDERS G,FINKENAUER C,et al.Taking stock of self-control:a meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors[J].Person Soc Psychol Rev,2012,16(1):76-99.
[5] PIQUERO A R,JENNINGS W G,FARRINGTON D P,et al.A meta-analysis update on the effectiveness of early self-control improvement programs to improve self-control and reduce delinquency[J].J Exper Crim,2016,12(2):249-264.
[6] 王孟成,蚁金瑶,蔡琳,等.青少年健康相关危险行为问卷的编制及信效度检验[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2012,26(4):287-292.
[7] 谭树华,郭永玉.大学生自我控制量表的修订[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16(5):468-470.
[8] 胡凤姣,陈贵,蔡太生.自我控制量表在中学生中的试用[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2012,20(8):1183-1184.
[9] 庞军,潘爱英,李宇宁,等.玉树地震后孤儿学校藏族学生的行为问题[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2011,25(12):947-948.
[10] 王丽萍,张本,姜涛,等.唐山地震孤儿30年后心理健康状况调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(8):558-563.
[11] 王红姣,卢家楣.中学生自我控制能力问卷的编制及其调查[J].心理科学,2004,53(6):1477-1482.
[12] 魏昌盛,薛莉.中学生自我控制的发展特点[J].武夷学院学报,2009,28(1):87-91.
[13] 陈步青,郭艳丽,刘文达,等.道德敏感性与攻击:自我控制和情绪调节的多重中介[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2018,26(1):93-98.
[14] 辛自强,郭素然,池丽萍.青少年自尊与攻击的关系:中介变量和调节变量的作用[J].心理学报,2007,40(5):845-851.
[15] 李相南,李志勇,张丽.青少年社会支持与攻击的关系:自尊、自我控制的链式中介作用[J].心理发展与教育,2017,33(2):240-248.
[16] 吴思遥,何金波,朱虹,等.状态焦虑和特质焦虑对青少年进食行为的影响:自我控制的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2015,21(1):93-96.
[17] 韩雪,张野,张珊珊.初中女生反社会行为特质自我控制与校园欺凌关系分析[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(3):372-375.
[18] 王玉洁,窦凯,高涛.青少年自我控制与情绪行为问题的相关性[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(2):294-297.
[19] 李晓敏,辛铁钢,张琳钰,等.中学生无聊倾向自我控制与手机成瘾的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(10):1487-1490.
[20] 关元,何嘉梅.自我控制:内涵、理论及展望[J].心理技术与应用,2018,6(2):118-128.
[21] 程苏,刘璐,郑涌.社会排斥的研究范式与理论模型[J].心理科学进展,2011,19(6):905-915.
[22] GONSALKORALE K,WILLIAMS K D.The KKK won’t let me play:ostracism even by a despised outgroup hurts[J].Eur J Soc Psychol,2007,37(6):1176-1186.
[23] SULLIVAN T N,FARRELL A D,KLIEWER W.Peer victimisation in early adolescence:association between physical and relational victimisation and drug use,aggression,and delinquentbehaviors among urban middle school students[J].Dev Psychopathol,2006,18(1):119-137.