父母教养压力、父母介入与自闭症儿童心理理论水平的关系
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摘要
心理理论是个体对自己和他人心理状态的认识,并在认识基础上理解和预测他人的行为。自闭症儿童在心理理论发展上可能存在欠缺。为了探明自闭症儿童心理理论发展水平是否与家庭教养有关,采用"思想泡"技术对35名自闭症儿童的心理理论水平及其与父母教养压力和父母介入的关系进行研究发现:父母认知介入在父母养育困扰和自闭症儿童心理理论水平之间以及父母的困难儿童感知与儿童心理理论水平之间均起到完全中介作用。该研究结果为从构建积极家庭环境层面来提高自闭症儿童的心理理论水平提供了参考。
Theory of mind( ToM) is one kind of understanding abilitity about psychological state toward themselves and others. On the basis of the understanding,they can understand and speculate others' behavior. Children with autism may be deficient in To M.In order to explore whether To M of autistic children is related to parental rearing pattern,this research adopts the thought bubble technology in order to measure To M of autistic children and discusses the relationship among autistic children's To M,parenting stress and parental involvement. The results show the following: Cognitive interaction has the significant intermediation between autistic children's To M and parenting distress. Cognitive interaction has the significant intermediation between autistic children's To M and difficult child parenting. The above results have provided theoretical basis for improving autistic children's To M from the perspective of positive constructing of family environment.
Theory of mind( ToM) is one kind of understanding abilitity about psychological state toward themselves and others. On the basis of the understanding,they can understand and speculate others' behavior. Children with autism may be deficient in To M.In order to explore whether To M of autistic children is related to parental rearing pattern,this research adopts the thought bubble technology in order to measure To M of autistic children and discusses the relationship among autistic children's To M,parenting stress and parental involvement. The results show the following: Cognitive interaction has the significant intermediation between autistic children's To M and parenting distress. Cognitive interaction has the significant intermediation between autistic children's To M and difficult child parenting. The above results have provided theoretical basis for improving autistic children's To M from the perspective of positive constructing of family environment.
引文
[1]Baron-Cohen S,Leslie A M,Frith U.Does the Autistic Child Have a“Theory of Mind”?[J].Cognition,1985(1):37-46.
[2]郑玉玮,张磊,崔磊.自闭症谱系障碍个体心理理论的特点[J].鲁东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(6):82-86.
[3]张敏,徐胜,凤华,等.“思想泡”教学对低功能自闭症儿童心理理论发展的干预研究[J].中国特殊教育,2016(6):44-51.
[4]王永固,张庆,黄智慧,等.社会故事法在孤独症儿童社交障碍干预中的应用[J].中国特殊教育,2015(4):45-50.
[5]赵芳,刘潇雨.家庭信念,父母参与及其双向整合视角的社会工作介入---以自闭症儿童家庭介入为例[J].中国社会工作研究,2017(1):91-112.
[6]耿岚,薛晴,池霞,等.6个月婴儿母亲育儿压力调查[J].临床精神医学杂志,2009(1):16-18.
[7]刘淑娟,梁宗保,陈平,等.父亲卷入量表的修订及信效度检验[J].中国妇幼保健,2011(30):4685-4687.
[8]Baron R M,Kenny D A.The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychology Research:Conceptual,Strategic and Statistical Considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986(6):1173-1182.
[9]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004(5):614-620.
[10]陈瑜,裴涛,张宁.自闭症谱系障碍患儿父母的复原力与心理健康[J].中国特殊教育,2015(2):53-58.
[11]马居飞,匡桂芳,曲烨,等.孤独症谱系障碍儿童父母性格特征和家庭环境的病例对照研究[J].中国学校卫生,2015(6):861-863.
[12]侯晓晖,宫竹青,颜志雄,等.儿童心理理论发生与发展:跨文化的视角[J].科学通报,2019(4):384-392.
[13]Gray D E.Ten Years on:A Longitudinal Study of Families of Children With Autism[J].Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability,2002(3):215-222.
[14]班永飞,孙霁.自闭症儿童父母的社会支持与亲职压力:身份、收入的效应分析[J].中国特殊教育,2017(1):58-64.
[15]赵梅菊.父母教养观念与自闭症儿童适应行为的关系研究[J].现代特殊教育(高教),2015(1):56-63.
[16]祖燕飞,徐光兴,杜亚松.孤独症患者家庭干预的研究现状回顾[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2016(7):729-731.
[2]郑玉玮,张磊,崔磊.自闭症谱系障碍个体心理理论的特点[J].鲁东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(6):82-86.
[3]张敏,徐胜,凤华,等.“思想泡”教学对低功能自闭症儿童心理理论发展的干预研究[J].中国特殊教育,2016(6):44-51.
[4]王永固,张庆,黄智慧,等.社会故事法在孤独症儿童社交障碍干预中的应用[J].中国特殊教育,2015(4):45-50.
[5]赵芳,刘潇雨.家庭信念,父母参与及其双向整合视角的社会工作介入---以自闭症儿童家庭介入为例[J].中国社会工作研究,2017(1):91-112.
[6]耿岚,薛晴,池霞,等.6个月婴儿母亲育儿压力调查[J].临床精神医学杂志,2009(1):16-18.
[7]刘淑娟,梁宗保,陈平,等.父亲卷入量表的修订及信效度检验[J].中国妇幼保健,2011(30):4685-4687.
[8]Baron R M,Kenny D A.The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychology Research:Conceptual,Strategic and Statistical Considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986(6):1173-1182.
[9]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004(5):614-620.
[10]陈瑜,裴涛,张宁.自闭症谱系障碍患儿父母的复原力与心理健康[J].中国特殊教育,2015(2):53-58.
[11]马居飞,匡桂芳,曲烨,等.孤独症谱系障碍儿童父母性格特征和家庭环境的病例对照研究[J].中国学校卫生,2015(6):861-863.
[12]侯晓晖,宫竹青,颜志雄,等.儿童心理理论发生与发展:跨文化的视角[J].科学通报,2019(4):384-392.
[13]Gray D E.Ten Years on:A Longitudinal Study of Families of Children With Autism[J].Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability,2002(3):215-222.
[14]班永飞,孙霁.自闭症儿童父母的社会支持与亲职压力:身份、收入的效应分析[J].中国特殊教育,2017(1):58-64.
[15]赵梅菊.父母教养观念与自闭症儿童适应行为的关系研究[J].现代特殊教育(高教),2015(1):56-63.
[16]祖燕飞,徐光兴,杜亚松.孤独症患者家庭干预的研究现状回顾[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2016(7):729-731.