虫粪有机肥对番茄生长及品质的影响
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摘要
以"西奥多"番茄为试验材料,通过小区试验,以不施有机肥为对照,研究了黄粉虫虫粪、黑水虻粪、白星花金龟粪3种虫粪有机肥和鸡粪对番茄生长及品质的影响,以期为虫粪有机肥的合理应用提供参考依据。结果表明:与对照相比,在移栽后95d时,黑水虻粪和白星花金龟粪处理显著提高了番茄株高,而鸡粪和黄粉虫虫粪处理对番茄株高无显著影响;各有机肥处理均能显著提高番茄叶绿素的含量,其中白星花金龟粪处理番茄叶绿素含量最高;黄粉虫粪、黑水虻粪、白星花金龟粪处理使番茄产量和维生素C含量分别提高了34.08%、28.54%、35.09%和12.26%、19.36%、22.87%。施用虫粪的增产效果和对番茄维生素C含量影响优于鸡粪。白星花金龟粪与鸡粪处理对番茄的总酸度无显著影响,而黄粉虫粪和黑水虻粪处理提高了番茄总酸度;鸡粪与黑水虻粪处理对番茄硝酸盐含量无显著影响,而黄粉虫粪处理提高了硝酸盐含量,白星花金龟粪处理降低了硝酸盐含量;各有机肥处理对番茄还原糖含量无显著影响。综上所述,施用虫粪有机肥能够提高番茄的产量和品质,且在效果上要优于传统的鸡粪有机肥,其中效果最好的是白星花金龟粪和黑水虻虫粪。
The effects of three kinds of frass(Tenebrio molitor frass,Hermetia illucens L.frass and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass)and chicken manure on the growth and quality of'Siauto'tomato were studied by plot experiments,in order to provide reference for the rational application of frass manure.The results showed that application of Hermetia illucens L.frass and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass significantly increased the tomato plant height at 95 days after transplanting compared with the control,while the plant height of tomatoes treated with chicken manure and Tenebrio molitor frass had no significant effect.The content of chlorophyll in tomato was significantly increased by manure treatments,and the highest chlorophyll content was found in tomato treated with Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass.Application of Tenebrio molitor frass,Hermetia illucens L.frass,and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass increased the tomato yield and vitamin C content respectively by 34.08%,28.54%,35.09% and 12.26%,19.36%,22.87%.Application of three kind of frass were better effective than chicken manure on tomato yield and vitamin C.Application of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis and chicken manure had no significant effect on the total acidity of tomato,but the total acidity of tomato increased in the treatments of Tenebrio molitor frass and Hermetia illucens L.frass.Application of chicken manure and Hermetia illucens L.frass had no significant effects on the nitrate content of tomato,while the application of Tenebrio molitor frass increased nitrate content,and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass reduced the nitrate content.Manure treatments had no significant effects on the reducing sugar content of tomato.In summary,the application of frass manure could improve the yield and quality of tomatoes,and the effect was better than the traditional organic manure of chicken manure,of which the best effect were the ProtaetiabrevitarsisLewis frass and Hermetia illucens L.frass.
The effects of three kinds of frass(Tenebrio molitor frass,Hermetia illucens L.frass and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass)and chicken manure on the growth and quality of'Siauto'tomato were studied by plot experiments,in order to provide reference for the rational application of frass manure.The results showed that application of Hermetia illucens L.frass and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass significantly increased the tomato plant height at 95 days after transplanting compared with the control,while the plant height of tomatoes treated with chicken manure and Tenebrio molitor frass had no significant effect.The content of chlorophyll in tomato was significantly increased by manure treatments,and the highest chlorophyll content was found in tomato treated with Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass.Application of Tenebrio molitor frass,Hermetia illucens L.frass,and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass increased the tomato yield and vitamin C content respectively by 34.08%,28.54%,35.09% and 12.26%,19.36%,22.87%.Application of three kind of frass were better effective than chicken manure on tomato yield and vitamin C.Application of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis and chicken manure had no significant effect on the total acidity of tomato,but the total acidity of tomato increased in the treatments of Tenebrio molitor frass and Hermetia illucens L.frass.Application of chicken manure and Hermetia illucens L.frass had no significant effects on the nitrate content of tomato,while the application of Tenebrio molitor frass increased nitrate content,and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass reduced the nitrate content.Manure treatments had no significant effects on the reducing sugar content of tomato.In summary,the application of frass manure could improve the yield and quality of tomatoes,and the effect was better than the traditional organic manure of chicken manure,of which the best effect were the ProtaetiabrevitarsisLewis frass and Hermetia illucens L.frass.
引文
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[12]杨诚,刘玉升,徐晓燕,等.白星花金龟幼虫对酵化玉米秸秆取食效果的研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(1):122-127.
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[14]国家标准化管理委员会.蔬菜水果中硝酸盐的测定-紫外分光光度法:NY/T1279-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[15]王久兴,董爱花,张慎好,等.黄粉虫粪在黄瓜育苗中的应用[J].河北职业技术师范学院学报,2003(1):20-22.
[16]郭文琦,陈兵林,刘瑞显,等.施氮量对花铃期短期渍水棉花叶片抗氧化酶活性和内源激素含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010(1):53-60.
[17]惠云芝.有机肥对番茄产量、品质及土壤培肥效果的影响研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2003.
[18]喻国辉,牛春艳,何国宝,等.黑水虻幼虫肠道和体表产酶细菌的分离和鉴定[J].昆虫知识,2010,47(5):889-894.
[19]李佛琳,赵春江,王纪华,等.应用叶绿素计诊断烤烟氮素营养状况[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007(1):136-142.
[20]张水勤,袁亮,林治安,等.腐植酸促进植物生长的机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):1065-1076.
[21]李俊华,沈其荣,褚贵新,等.氨基酸有机肥对棉花根际和非根际土壤酶活性和养分有效性的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(2):277-284.
[22]凌爱芬,陈学壮,邢小军,等.腐殖酸对烤烟关键生理指标影响的研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(7):5-7.
[23]刘宏宇,喻国辉,夏嫱.黑水虻研究进展[J].养殖与饲料,2015(12):4-7.
[24]李艳芳,伍爱萍,徐匆,等.黄粉虫的应用现状及展望[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(36):99-101.
[2]麻坤,刁钢.化肥对中国粮食产量变化贡献率的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(4):1113-1120.
[3]栾江,仇焕广,井月,等.我国化肥施用量持续增长的原因分解及趋势预测[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(11):1869-1878.
[4]陈大超,张跃强,甘涛,等.有机肥施用量及深度对柑橘产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(4):143-147.
[5]李谦.畜禽粪便及有机肥中的重金属、抗生素和抗性基因及其在堆肥过程中的变化[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[6]李发,徐应明,王林,等.黄淮海地区鸡粪有机肥重金属含量特征及环境风险[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):4375-4384.
[7]许齐爱,彭伟录,李小玺,等.经济昆虫黄粉虫与大麦虫研究进展[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(21):158-160.
[8]骆洪义,王虹,王琦.黄粉虫粪沙不同用量对油菜生长及品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2011(8):75-77.
[9] ST-HILAIRE S,CRANFILL K,MCGUIRE M A,et al.Fish offal recycling by the black soldierfly produces a foodstuff high in omega-3fatty acids[J].Journal of the Word Aquaculture Society,2007,38(2):309-313.
[10]CHOI Y C,CHOI J Y,KIM J G,et al.Potential usage of food waste as anatural fertilizer after digestion by Hermetia illucens[J].International Journal of Industrial Entomology,2009,19(1):171.
[11]李卫娟,周文君,杨树义,等.黑水虻虫沙对白菜生长性能的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(10):111-112,115.
[12]杨诚,刘玉升,徐晓燕,等.白星花金龟幼虫对酵化玉米秸秆取食效果的研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(1):122-127.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]国家标准化管理委员会.蔬菜水果中硝酸盐的测定-紫外分光光度法:NY/T1279-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[15]王久兴,董爱花,张慎好,等.黄粉虫粪在黄瓜育苗中的应用[J].河北职业技术师范学院学报,2003(1):20-22.
[16]郭文琦,陈兵林,刘瑞显,等.施氮量对花铃期短期渍水棉花叶片抗氧化酶活性和内源激素含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010(1):53-60.
[17]惠云芝.有机肥对番茄产量、品质及土壤培肥效果的影响研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2003.
[18]喻国辉,牛春艳,何国宝,等.黑水虻幼虫肠道和体表产酶细菌的分离和鉴定[J].昆虫知识,2010,47(5):889-894.
[19]李佛琳,赵春江,王纪华,等.应用叶绿素计诊断烤烟氮素营养状况[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007(1):136-142.
[20]张水勤,袁亮,林治安,等.腐植酸促进植物生长的机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):1065-1076.
[21]李俊华,沈其荣,褚贵新,等.氨基酸有机肥对棉花根际和非根际土壤酶活性和养分有效性的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(2):277-284.
[22]凌爱芬,陈学壮,邢小军,等.腐殖酸对烤烟关键生理指标影响的研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(7):5-7.
[23]刘宏宇,喻国辉,夏嫱.黑水虻研究进展[J].养殖与饲料,2015(12):4-7.
[24]李艳芳,伍爱萍,徐匆,等.黄粉虫的应用现状及展望[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(36):99-101.