桂北苗儿山-越城岭地区独石岭钨(铜)矿床研究:对复式岩体多时代差异性成矿的启示
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摘要
独石岭钨(铜)多金属矿床位于苗儿山-越城岭岩体北东部,为一个大型蚀变岩型+矽卡岩型钨(铜)多金属矿床.矿区坑道内见有两种类型的花岗岩:中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩和中细粒黑云母花岗岩,两类花岗岩在时空上与矿体关系密切,应属于独石岭钨(铜)矿成矿母岩.矿区顶部地表见有中细粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩.本文对矿区坑道内花岗岩及顶部露头花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,结果表明,矿区坑道内中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄约为423Ma,中细粒黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄约为421Ma,而矿区顶部露头花岗岩的成岩年代约为217Ma,表明矿区存在加里东期、印支期两期岩浆活动.对矿区坑道内两类花岗岩岩石地球化学特征研究表明,在主量元素方面:两类花岗岩均属于钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩;微量元素蛛网图表明,两类花岗岩相对富集Cs、Rb、U、REE,而亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti;稀土元素配分曲线表明,两类花岗岩具有向右倾斜、富集轻稀土,且还具有从中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩到中细粒黑云母花岗岩,ΣREE总体呈降低、其中轻稀土含量降低,重稀土含量略有升高,Eu亏损越来越强烈的趋势.由此表明二者属于同源、不同阶段岩浆演化的产物,与成矿关系密切,属于独石岭钨(铜)矿的成矿母岩.利用钨矿石中的白钨矿,首次对独石岭钨(铜)矿进行了Sm-Nd同位素定年分析,获得成矿年龄为(417±35)Ma,同时还利用蚀变花岗岩型和矽卡岩型矿石中的榍石进行U-Pb定年,其结果为蚀变花岗岩型矿石中的榍石年龄为425~423Ma,而矽卡岩型中榍石年龄约为218Ma.由此表明,独石岭矿区白钨矿主要形成于加里东晚期,但印支期岩浆热液也对其有一定的影响.大型独石岭钨(铜)矿成矿母岩与矿化年龄的确定,证明南岭西段越城岭地区的北端,在加里东期也曾经发生过较强烈的成矿作用,结合南端的牛塘界钨矿,这为进一步在南岭西部寻找加里东期和印支期矿集区,提供了科学依据和典型范例.
引文
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