根系互作影响玉米大豆间作作物氮吸收
|
摘要
间作作物的养分吸收、地上部生物量都与根系密切相关。研究玉米大豆根系互作对养分吸收利用及地上部生物量的影响,可以为玉米大豆间作为主的间作体系中氮素高效利用提供科学依据。本研究通过盆栽模拟试验,采用玉米大豆根系无分隔(NB)、尼龙网分隔(MB)、塑料膜分隔(PB)等分隔方式,研究了间作玉米(苗期、拔节期、大喇叭口期、孕穗期、成熟期)、大豆(苗期、分枝期、结荚期、鼓粒期、成熟期)在不同生育期对土壤中氮素的吸收。与PB处理相比,NB处理玉米地上部氮素累积量在大喇叭口期提高了36.9%(P<0.05);与PB处理相比,MB处理玉米地上部氮素累积量在大喇叭口期提高了22.5%(P<0.05)。与PB处理相比,NB处理大豆地上部氮素累积量在苗期、分枝期、鼓粒期、成熟期分别提高了14.9%、7.9%、4.5%、11.6%(P>0.05)。与PB处理相比,MB处理大豆地上部氮素累积量在分枝期提高了29.9%(P<0.05)。与PB处理相比,NB、PB处理玉米经济产量分别提高了124%、93.4%(P<0.05);与PB处理相比,NB处理大豆经济产量有所降低,但无显著差异。根系互作提高了玉米的经济产量、不同器官氮素累积量,大豆的经济产量、氮素累积量则无根系互作优势。
The nutrient absorption and aboveground biomass of intercropping crops are closely related with the root. The objective of the study was to find out some proper combination of maize and soybean based on nutrient absorption and aboveground biomass and to provide a scientific basis for nitrogen absorption of maize and soybean intercropping. In this study,through pot experiment,by root interaction in maize and soybean intercropping with different root separation treatments,including no barrier(NB),mesh barrier(MB) and polythene film barrier(PB),there was studied intercropping maize(seeding stage,jointing stage,large bell stage,booting stage and mature stage),soybean(seeding stage,branching stage,podding stage,filling stage and mature stage) on the absorption of nitrogen inthe soil in different growth period. The results showed that in comparison with PB,nitrogen absorption of maize aboveground with NB increased by 36. 9%(P < 0. 05) at large flare stage,compared with PB,nitrogen absorption of maize aboveground with MB increased by 22. 5%(P < 0. 05) at large flare stage. Compared with PB,nitrogen accumulation aboveground of soybean with MB at seeding stage,branching stage,filling stage,mature stage increased by 14. 9%,7. 9%,4. 5% and 11. 6%,respectively(P > 0. 05). Compared with PB,nitrogen accumulation aboveground of soybean with MB at branching stage increased by 29. 9%(P < 0. 05). Compared with PB,the economic yield of maize with NB and PB increased by 124% and 93. 4%(P < 0. 05),the economic yield of soybean decreased with NB(P > 0. 05). The root interactions improve the economic yields of maize,the economic yields of soybean showed the root interaction of no advantages.
The nutrient absorption and aboveground biomass of intercropping crops are closely related with the root. The objective of the study was to find out some proper combination of maize and soybean based on nutrient absorption and aboveground biomass and to provide a scientific basis for nitrogen absorption of maize and soybean intercropping. In this study,through pot experiment,by root interaction in maize and soybean intercropping with different root separation treatments,including no barrier(NB),mesh barrier(MB) and polythene film barrier(PB),there was studied intercropping maize(seeding stage,jointing stage,large bell stage,booting stage and mature stage),soybean(seeding stage,branching stage,podding stage,filling stage and mature stage) on the absorption of nitrogen inthe soil in different growth period. The results showed that in comparison with PB,nitrogen absorption of maize aboveground with NB increased by 36. 9%(P < 0. 05) at large flare stage,compared with PB,nitrogen absorption of maize aboveground with MB increased by 22. 5%(P < 0. 05) at large flare stage. Compared with PB,nitrogen accumulation aboveground of soybean with MB at seeding stage,branching stage,filling stage,mature stage increased by 14. 9%,7. 9%,4. 5% and 11. 6%,respectively(P > 0. 05). Compared with PB,nitrogen accumulation aboveground of soybean with MB at branching stage increased by 29. 9%(P < 0. 05). Compared with PB,the economic yield of maize with NB and PB increased by 124% and 93. 4%(P < 0. 05),the economic yield of soybean decreased with NB(P > 0. 05). The root interactions improve the economic yields of maize,the economic yields of soybean showed the root interaction of no advantages.
引文
[1]王帅.不同种植模式对烤烟氮素吸收、利用、分配的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[2]叶优良.间作对氮素和水分利用的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[3]雍太文.“麦/玉/豆”套作体系的氮素吸收利用特性及根际微生态效应研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[4]张辉.不同供水条件下小麦间作蚕豆复合群体对化感物质的响应[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009.
[5]王晓巍.混作对大豆、玉米生长发育及土壤无机氮的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.
[6]张春明,张耀文,郭志利,等.间作模式下小豆光合特征及产量效益研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):226.
[7]杨学超,胡跃高,钱欣,等.施氮量对绿豆//燕麦间作系统生产力及氮吸收累积的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(4):46.
[8]杨文亭,王晓维,王建武.豆科-禾本科间作系统中作物和土壤氮素相关研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(9):2480.
[9]王林,王琦,张恩和,等.间作与施氮对秸秆覆盖作物生产力和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(8):955.
[10]余常兵,孙建好,李隆.种间相互作用对作物生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报.2009,15(1):1.
[11]李文学.小麦/玉米/蚕豆间作系统中氮、磷吸收利用特点及其环境效应[D].北京:中国农业大学,2001.
[12]邓小燕,王小春,杨文钰,等.玉米/大豆和玉米/甘薯模式下玉米磷素吸收特征及种间相互作用[J].作物学报,2013,39(10):1891.
[13]高阳,段爱旺,刘战东,等.玉米/大豆间作条件下的作物根系生长及水分吸收[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(2):307.
[14]高阳,段爱旺,刘祖贵,等.间作种植模式对玉米和大豆干物质积累与产量组成的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(02):214.
[15]夏瑀.大豆/玉米混作对土壤无机氮及作物产量影响的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[16]韦柳佳,黄莉,张雅琼,等.玉米/大豆间作模式及效应分析[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(1):67.
[17]吕越,吴普特,陈小莉,等.地上部与地下部作用对玉米/大豆间作优势的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(1):129.
[18]刘辉娟.施氮对玉米间作豌豆农田温室气体排放的影响及机制[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012.
[19]张旭升.甘蔗间种菜用大豆对其产量品质及土壤理化性状的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[20]徐强,程智慧,卢涛,等.间作对植株生长及养分吸收和根际环境的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(2):350.
[21]宋莉,韩上,席莹莹,等.间作对油菜和紫云英生长及产量的影响[J].中国油料科作物学报,2014,36(2):231.
[22]赵建华,孙建好,李隆,等.改变玉米行距种植对豌豆/玉米间作体系产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(11):1451.
[23]李隆,李晓林,张福锁.小麦-大豆间作中小麦对大豆磷吸收的促进作用[J].应用生态学报,2000,20(4):629.
[24]肖靖秀,汤利,郑毅.氮肥用量对油菜//蚕豆间作系统作物产量及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6)1468.
[25]江林玲,马永甫,杨丙贤,等.水杨酸对温度胁迫下紫御谷幼苗根系活力及根系形态指标的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(1):174.
[26]陈俊意,徐莉,杨治国,等.低磷土壤条件下玉米苗期根冠比和株高的混合遗传分析[J].玉米科学,2009,17(3):23.
[27]程艳波,江锦锋,江炳志,等.甘蔗/菜用大豆间作条件下根瘤菌与大豆品种匹配性研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(9):84.
[28]王晓春.玉/豆和玉/薯模式下玉米养分吸收利用特性及氮肥调控机理研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[29]乔海涛.大豆/玉米间作中植株氮磷吸收动态及小气候分析[D]哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2010.
[30]王向阳.春玉米大豆超常规宽窄行间作体系生产力研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[31]吕越,吴普特,陈小莉,等.玉米/大豆间作系统的作物资源竞争[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):139.
[32]李玉英,胡汉升,程序,等.种间互作和施氮对蚕豆/玉米间作生态系统地上部和地下部生长的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(6):1617.
[2]叶优良.间作对氮素和水分利用的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[3]雍太文.“麦/玉/豆”套作体系的氮素吸收利用特性及根际微生态效应研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[4]张辉.不同供水条件下小麦间作蚕豆复合群体对化感物质的响应[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009.
[5]王晓巍.混作对大豆、玉米生长发育及土壤无机氮的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.
[6]张春明,张耀文,郭志利,等.间作模式下小豆光合特征及产量效益研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):226.
[7]杨学超,胡跃高,钱欣,等.施氮量对绿豆//燕麦间作系统生产力及氮吸收累积的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(4):46.
[8]杨文亭,王晓维,王建武.豆科-禾本科间作系统中作物和土壤氮素相关研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(9):2480.
[9]王林,王琦,张恩和,等.间作与施氮对秸秆覆盖作物生产力和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(8):955.
[10]余常兵,孙建好,李隆.种间相互作用对作物生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报.2009,15(1):1.
[11]李文学.小麦/玉米/蚕豆间作系统中氮、磷吸收利用特点及其环境效应[D].北京:中国农业大学,2001.
[12]邓小燕,王小春,杨文钰,等.玉米/大豆和玉米/甘薯模式下玉米磷素吸收特征及种间相互作用[J].作物学报,2013,39(10):1891.
[13]高阳,段爱旺,刘战东,等.玉米/大豆间作条件下的作物根系生长及水分吸收[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(2):307.
[14]高阳,段爱旺,刘祖贵,等.间作种植模式对玉米和大豆干物质积累与产量组成的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(02):214.
[15]夏瑀.大豆/玉米混作对土壤无机氮及作物产量影响的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[16]韦柳佳,黄莉,张雅琼,等.玉米/大豆间作模式及效应分析[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(1):67.
[17]吕越,吴普特,陈小莉,等.地上部与地下部作用对玉米/大豆间作优势的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(1):129.
[18]刘辉娟.施氮对玉米间作豌豆农田温室气体排放的影响及机制[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012.
[19]张旭升.甘蔗间种菜用大豆对其产量品质及土壤理化性状的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[20]徐强,程智慧,卢涛,等.间作对植株生长及养分吸收和根际环境的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(2):350.
[21]宋莉,韩上,席莹莹,等.间作对油菜和紫云英生长及产量的影响[J].中国油料科作物学报,2014,36(2):231.
[22]赵建华,孙建好,李隆,等.改变玉米行距种植对豌豆/玉米间作体系产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(11):1451.
[23]李隆,李晓林,张福锁.小麦-大豆间作中小麦对大豆磷吸收的促进作用[J].应用生态学报,2000,20(4):629.
[24]肖靖秀,汤利,郑毅.氮肥用量对油菜//蚕豆间作系统作物产量及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6)1468.
[25]江林玲,马永甫,杨丙贤,等.水杨酸对温度胁迫下紫御谷幼苗根系活力及根系形态指标的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(1):174.
[26]陈俊意,徐莉,杨治国,等.低磷土壤条件下玉米苗期根冠比和株高的混合遗传分析[J].玉米科学,2009,17(3):23.
[27]程艳波,江锦锋,江炳志,等.甘蔗/菜用大豆间作条件下根瘤菌与大豆品种匹配性研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(9):84.
[28]王晓春.玉/豆和玉/薯模式下玉米养分吸收利用特性及氮肥调控机理研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[29]乔海涛.大豆/玉米间作中植株氮磷吸收动态及小气候分析[D]哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2010.
[30]王向阳.春玉米大豆超常规宽窄行间作体系生产力研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[31]吕越,吴普特,陈小莉,等.玉米/大豆间作系统的作物资源竞争[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):139.
[32]李玉英,胡汉升,程序,等.种间互作和施氮对蚕豆/玉米间作生态系统地上部和地下部生长的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(6):1617.