垄作秸秆覆盖下西南地区蚕豆田土壤呼吸与有机碳特征
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摘要
土壤呼吸是土壤有机碳库输出的主要途径,为探讨垄作和不同秸秆覆盖量对旱三熟蚕豆田土壤呼吸及有机碳特征的影响,测定了平作无覆盖(T)、垄作无覆盖(R)、垄作+半量覆盖(RS1)、垄作+全量覆盖(RS2)这4个处理下的西南紫色土丘陵区蚕豆/玉米/甘薯旱三熟体系中蚕豆田土壤呼吸及有机碳变化,分析了土壤温度和水分与土壤呼吸的关系.结果表明,蚕豆生长季节农田土壤呼吸随作物生长一致,呈先增加后减弱的变化趋势,全生育期平均土壤呼吸速率差异显著,表现为RS2>RS1>T>R,分别为3.365、2.935、2.683、2.263 g·(m~2·d)~(-1).垄作显著降低了蚕豆农田土壤呼吸速率,而秸秆覆盖显著提高土壤呼吸速率,且随着覆盖量的增加而增加.土壤呼吸速率随土壤温度(5 cm和10 cm)呈指数型增长,10 cm处的回归模型明显好于5 cm.10 cm土层Q10值表现为RS2>RS1>R>T,分别为1.751、1.665、1.616、1.35.垄作和秸秆覆盖下土壤温度、水分与土壤呼吸速率的混合指数模型可以解释土壤呼吸速率变异的68%(R)、79%(RS1)和76%(RS2).垄作和秸秆覆盖下0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm土层土壤有机碳含量均得到不同程度的提高,且随着覆盖量的增加而增加,其中5~10 cm、10~20 cm土层表现为RS2>RS1>R>T,差异达显著水平,且5~10 cm土层有机碳含量增幅最大;但垄作和秸秆覆盖仅显著提高了颗粒有机碳0~30 cm加权平均值,对颗粒有机碳占土壤有机碳比例的影响效应不显著.
Soil respiration is an important process for carbon emission. A field study was conducted with four treatments including T(traditional tillage + straw mulching level 0 kg·hm-2),R(ridge tillage + straw mulching level 0 kg·hm-2),RS1(ridge tillage +straw mulching level 3 750 kg·hm-2),and RS2(ridge tillage + straw mulching level 7 500 kg·hm-2),so as to probe the effects of ridge tillage and straw mulching amount on soil respiration and soil organic carbon(SOC) and the relationships of soil respiration rate with soil temperature and water content(SWC) during the growth period of fava bean in the triple intercropping system of fava bean/maize/sweat pomato in dryland region of southwest China known as the purple hilly region. The changes of soil respiration rate were in accordance with crop growing,being firstly increased and then decreased during the whole growth period of fava bean,and there were significant differences in soil respiration rate among different treatments,which could be ranked as RS2 [3. 365 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)]> RS1[2. 935 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)]> T[2. 683 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)]> R [2. 263 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)]. Ridge tillage reduced soil respiration in fava bean farmland,whereas straw mulching treatment increased it,whose variation trend was in accordance with that of straw mulching levels.There was a significant exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature at 5 cm and 10 cm depth,and the exponential model at 10 cm produced better fitness than that at 5 cm. The temperature sensitivity(Q10) at 10 cm could be ranked as RS2 > RS1 > R > T,being 1. 751,1. 665,1. 616,and 1. 35,respectively. The combined exponential model indicated that soil temperature and water content(SWC) could jointly explain 68%(R),79%(RS1) and 76%(RS2) of variation in soil respiration.This study results suggested that ridge tillage and straw mulching significantly increased SOC of 0-5 cm,5~(-1)0 cm,10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers,and the increase of SOC was in accordance with that of straw mulching levels. The SOC was significantly increased in 5~(-1)0 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers,which could be ranked as RS2 > RS1 > R > T,and the increases in SOC at 5~(-1)0 cm were especially notable. The weighted average of particulate organic carbon(POC) at 0-30 cm was significantly increased,but the proportion of POC in SOC did not show significant influence.
Soil respiration is an important process for carbon emission. A field study was conducted with four treatments including T(traditional tillage + straw mulching level 0 kg·hm-2),R(ridge tillage + straw mulching level 0 kg·hm-2),RS1(ridge tillage +straw mulching level 3 750 kg·hm-2),and RS2(ridge tillage + straw mulching level 7 500 kg·hm-2),so as to probe the effects of ridge tillage and straw mulching amount on soil respiration and soil organic carbon(SOC) and the relationships of soil respiration rate with soil temperature and water content(SWC) during the growth period of fava bean in the triple intercropping system of fava bean/maize/sweat pomato in dryland region of southwest China known as the purple hilly region. The changes of soil respiration rate were in accordance with crop growing,being firstly increased and then decreased during the whole growth period of fava bean,and there were significant differences in soil respiration rate among different treatments,which could be ranked as RS2 [3. 365 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)]> RS1[2. 935 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)]> T[2. 683 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)]> R [2. 263 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)]. Ridge tillage reduced soil respiration in fava bean farmland,whereas straw mulching treatment increased it,whose variation trend was in accordance with that of straw mulching levels.There was a significant exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature at 5 cm and 10 cm depth,and the exponential model at 10 cm produced better fitness than that at 5 cm. The temperature sensitivity(Q10) at 10 cm could be ranked as RS2 > RS1 > R > T,being 1. 751,1. 665,1. 616,and 1. 35,respectively. The combined exponential model indicated that soil temperature and water content(SWC) could jointly explain 68%(R),79%(RS1) and 76%(RS2) of variation in soil respiration.This study results suggested that ridge tillage and straw mulching significantly increased SOC of 0-5 cm,5~(-1)0 cm,10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers,and the increase of SOC was in accordance with that of straw mulching levels. The SOC was significantly increased in 5~(-1)0 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers,which could be ranked as RS2 > RS1 > R > T,and the increases in SOC at 5~(-1)0 cm were especially notable. The weighted average of particulate organic carbon(POC) at 0-30 cm was significantly increased,but the proportion of POC in SOC did not show significant influence.
引文
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[19]张丁辰,蔡典雄,代快,等.旱作农田不同耕作土壤呼吸及其对水热因子的响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(6):1916-1925.Zhang D C,Cai D X,Dai K,et al.Soil respiration and its responses to soil moisture and temperature under different tillage systems in dryland maize field[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(6):1916-1925.
[20]于爱忠,黄高宝,柴强.不同耕作措施对西北绿洲灌区冬小麦农田土壤呼吸的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(1):273-278.Yu A Z,Huang G B,Chai Q.Effect of different tillage treatments on soil respiration of winter-wheat farmland in oasis irrigated area northwest China[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(1):273-278.
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