光解地膜降解产物对大豆的影响
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摘要
针对光解地膜的裂解产物和分解产物对作物的影响进行研究,为以聚乙烯为原料的光降解地膜的研制和推广提供理论依据。用7×5、4×5和1×5 cm2的光解地膜碎片、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和低分子量聚乙烯(LMWPE),模拟光解地膜的降解产物;以7,70,140,210,280和350 g·m-2模拟残留量,以无降解产物处理为对照;盆栽试验,6次重复,研究光解地膜降解产物和残留量对大豆生长中期土壤养分和大豆农艺性状的影响。结果表明:(1)光解地膜各种降解产物对大豆生长中期土壤p H略有增加作用,而对有机质含量、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾有不同程度的降低作用;(2)光解地膜降解产物对大豆株高、株有效荚数、株粒数、百粒重、株粒重有增加的作用,但不同降解产物和残留量的作用大小不同。因此,光解地膜降解产物可以促进大豆生长期间土壤养分的分解和吸收,可在一定程度上提高大豆单株产量。
The effects of degradation products of light-degradable film on crop were researched to provide support for the development and popularization of polyethylene-based degradable mulching film theoretically. Taking 7 × 5,4 × 5 and 1 × 5 cm2 scraps of light-degradable film,LLDPE and low molecular weight polyethylene( LMWPE) as 5 degradation products and 7,70,140,210,280 and 350 g·m-2as amount of residue,and 0 g·m-2as control,the effects of the degradation products on nutrient content in the soil during the middle growing period of soybean and agronomic traits of soybeans were investigated. The results were the following:( 1) All the degradation products made p H level of the soil a litlle increase,but the content of organic matters,available N,P and K decrease during the middle growing period of soybean;( 2) All the degradation products made the yield of soybeans higher than CK. Therefore,the degradation products can promote nutrient decomposed and absorbed in the soil and raise soybean yield.
The effects of degradation products of light-degradable film on crop were researched to provide support for the development and popularization of polyethylene-based degradable mulching film theoretically. Taking 7 × 5,4 × 5 and 1 × 5 cm2 scraps of light-degradable film,LLDPE and low molecular weight polyethylene( LMWPE) as 5 degradation products and 7,70,140,210,280 and 350 g·m-2as amount of residue,and 0 g·m-2as control,the effects of the degradation products on nutrient content in the soil during the middle growing period of soybean and agronomic traits of soybeans were investigated. The results were the following:( 1) All the degradation products made p H level of the soil a litlle increase,but the content of organic matters,available N,P and K decrease during the middle growing period of soybean;( 2) All the degradation products made the yield of soybeans higher than CK. Therefore,the degradation products can promote nutrient decomposed and absorbed in the soil and raise soybean yield.
引文
[1]程桂荪,刘小秧,高松.光降解地膜小残片积累量对土壤性质和作物产量的影响[J].土壤肥料,1993(2):14-17.(Cheng G S,Liu X Y,Gao S.Efects of debris accumulation of light-degradable film on soil properties and crop yield[J].Soil and Fertilizer,1993(2):14-17.)
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[7]罗大刚.可降解膜农业应用的初步研究[J].农业环境保护,1996,15(2):86-88.(Luo D G.A preliminary study of biodegradable film for agricultural application[J].Protection of Agricultural Environmen,1996,15(2):86-88.)
[8]王星.可降解地膜的降解特性及其对土壤环境的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003.(Wang X.Degradable films’degradetion characters and their effects on soil environment[D].Yangling:Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,2003.)
[9]赵萍,唐永金,江世杰.聚乙烯降解产物对小麦生长中期土壤养分、水分和p H值的影响[J].湖南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(4):91-94.(Zhao P,Tang Y J,Jiang S J.Effects of degradation products of polyethylene on the nutrients,moisture and p H of the soil during mid-period of wheat growth[J].Journal of Hunan Normal University(Natural Science),2012,35(4):91-94.)
[10]曾峰,赵前钱,周威,等.土壤聚乙烯含量对油菜发芽出苗及幼苗生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(14):2835-2837,2854.(Zeng F,Zhao Q Q,Zhou W,et al.Influence of soil polyethylene content on rape’s emergence and seeding growth[J].Hubei Agricultural Sceinces,2011,50(14):2835-2837,2854.)
[11]曹小卫,陶宗娅,罗学刚,等.蚕豆生长及土壤酶活性对低分子量聚乙烯的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1379-1385.(Cao X W,Tao Z Y,Luo X G,et al.Response of Vicia faba growth and soil enzyme activity to low molecular polyethylene added in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(6):1379-1385.)
[2]程桂荪,刘小秧,刘渊君,等.农田地膜残片允许值的研究[J].土壤肥料,1991(5):27-30.(Cheng G S,Liu X Y,Liu Y J,et al.Study on the allowed values of film debris in farmland[J].Soil and Fertilizer,1991(5):27-30.)
[3]Ojeda T F M,Dalmolin E,Forte M C,et al.Abiotic and biotic degradation of oxo-biodegradable polyethylenes[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2009,94:965-970.
[4]金维续,张文群,程桂荪,等.光降解地膜的农业效果与降解过程(H)—土壤污染研究及环境评价[J].农业环境保护,1995,14(5):219-223.(Jin W X,Zhang W Q,Cheng G S,et al.Degradation process and agricultural effects of light-degradable film(I)[J].Protection of Agricultural Environment,1995,14(4):162-166.)
[5]Kyrikou I,Briassoulis D,Hiskakis M,et al.Analysis of photochemical degradation behaviour of polyethylene mulching film with pro-oxidants[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2011,96:2237-2252.
[6]Fontanella S,Bonhomme S,Koutny M,et al.Comparison of the biodegradability of various polyethylene films containing pro-oxidant additives[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2010,95:1011-1021.
[7]罗大刚.可降解膜农业应用的初步研究[J].农业环境保护,1996,15(2):86-88.(Luo D G.A preliminary study of biodegradable film for agricultural application[J].Protection of Agricultural Environmen,1996,15(2):86-88.)
[8]王星.可降解地膜的降解特性及其对土壤环境的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003.(Wang X.Degradable films’degradetion characters and their effects on soil environment[D].Yangling:Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,2003.)
[9]赵萍,唐永金,江世杰.聚乙烯降解产物对小麦生长中期土壤养分、水分和p H值的影响[J].湖南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(4):91-94.(Zhao P,Tang Y J,Jiang S J.Effects of degradation products of polyethylene on the nutrients,moisture and p H of the soil during mid-period of wheat growth[J].Journal of Hunan Normal University(Natural Science),2012,35(4):91-94.)
[10]曾峰,赵前钱,周威,等.土壤聚乙烯含量对油菜发芽出苗及幼苗生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(14):2835-2837,2854.(Zeng F,Zhao Q Q,Zhou W,et al.Influence of soil polyethylene content on rape’s emergence and seeding growth[J].Hubei Agricultural Sceinces,2011,50(14):2835-2837,2854.)
[11]曹小卫,陶宗娅,罗学刚,等.蚕豆生长及土壤酶活性对低分子量聚乙烯的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1379-1385.(Cao X W,Tao Z Y,Luo X G,et al.Response of Vicia faba growth and soil enzyme activity to low molecular polyethylene added in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(6):1379-1385.)