基于作物营养当量修正产量比系数法的农用地质量分等
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摘要
产量比系数是农用地分等中的基础参数,由于不同地区产量比系数确定的基础不同,分等结果无法达到全国可比。为提高农用地分等结果的全国可比性,该文依据供给人体所需能量和营养的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、矿物质、维生素等营养素在不同作物间可比这一特点,选取20种营养素指标和9种标准耕作制度规定作物,构建营养当量修正法,通过计算不同作物"营养当量"来修正产量比系数,并选取北方以小麦为基准作物的河北省曲周县土地整治项目区和南方以水稻为基准作物的江苏省宜兴市丁蜀镇作为案例进行实证,对比通过营养当量修正法和最高产量比法计算产量比系数所得出的农用地自然等的差异。研究结果显示,曲周县土地整治项目区自然等指数区间由2 060～2 896上升为2 516～3 580,等别序列由11～15等上升为13～18等;丁蜀镇自然等指数由区间由2 460～2 918下降为2 013～2 393,等别序列由13～15等下降为11～12等,2个研究区间的农用地自然等别差异扩大。该文可以为相关研究提供参考,为完善农用地质量分等体系提供借鉴。
Farmland classification and gradation is to scientifically quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of farmland through quantitative indicators, and to comprehensively assess and classify the quality of farmland. It is an effective measure to realize the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation and to ensure the dynamic balance of total cultivated land. The core of farmland classification is the nationally comparable index calculating and hierarchical system establishing. Productive ratio coefficient is the important parameter that directly affects the results of farmland classification and national comparability in the process of calculating grading index. The function of productive ratio coefficient is to convert grain into standard grain to achieve national comparability. However, the basis of determining the productive ratio coefficient in different regions is different, and the grading results cannot reach the national comparability. Nutrition equivalent unit, calculated by the mean of nutrient density in food, can reflect the overall condition of the nutrients contained in the food. It is an evaluation index to measure the total content of different nutrients in food according to the types and contents of nutrients in food, and to evaluate the comprehensive nutrients supply ability of food needed by the body. By comparing the nutrition equivalent unit of different foods, we can make a comprehensive evaluation and judgment on the nutritional value of different foods. Considering that though base crops and designated crops are different in different regions, they can be uniformly and comparable at the level of nutrients required by crops to supply energy and nutrients to human body. Based on this, 20 nutrient indices, such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin, and nine crops regulated by standard tillage system were selected to construct a nutrient equivalent correction method. Productive ratio coefficient was revised by calculating the "nutrition equivalent unit" of different crops to improve the national comparability of farmland classification results. Taking land consolidation project area in Quzhou county of Hebei Province with wheat as the base crop in northern China and Dingshu town, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, with rice as the base crop in southern China as examples to carry out research, the productive ratio coefficient was calculated by the nutrient equivalent correction method and the max yield ratio method, and in this paper, we compared the differences of farmland nature grade obtained by two methods. The results showed that the natural quality index range of Quzhou County's land consolidation project area increased from 2 060-2 896 to 2 516-3 580, and the nature grade increased from 11-15 to 13-18. The natural quality index range of Dingshu town decreased from 2 460-2 918 to 2 033-2 393, and the nature grade decreased from 13-15 to 11-12. The natural grade difference of farmland between two research areas expanded. By revising the existing productive ratio coefficient and establishing a more standardized grading system, this paper provides a scientific basis for ascertaining the quality of resources and for the balance of cultivated land in different places. It is an important way and means for deepening both the quantity of farmland resources and the quality of the management.
Farmland classification and gradation is to scientifically quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of farmland through quantitative indicators, and to comprehensively assess and classify the quality of farmland. It is an effective measure to realize the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation and to ensure the dynamic balance of total cultivated land. The core of farmland classification is the nationally comparable index calculating and hierarchical system establishing. Productive ratio coefficient is the important parameter that directly affects the results of farmland classification and national comparability in the process of calculating grading index. The function of productive ratio coefficient is to convert grain into standard grain to achieve national comparability. However, the basis of determining the productive ratio coefficient in different regions is different, and the grading results cannot reach the national comparability. Nutrition equivalent unit, calculated by the mean of nutrient density in food, can reflect the overall condition of the nutrients contained in the food. It is an evaluation index to measure the total content of different nutrients in food according to the types and contents of nutrients in food, and to evaluate the comprehensive nutrients supply ability of food needed by the body. By comparing the nutrition equivalent unit of different foods, we can make a comprehensive evaluation and judgment on the nutritional value of different foods. Considering that though base crops and designated crops are different in different regions, they can be uniformly and comparable at the level of nutrients required by crops to supply energy and nutrients to human body. Based on this, 20 nutrient indices, such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin, and nine crops regulated by standard tillage system were selected to construct a nutrient equivalent correction method. Productive ratio coefficient was revised by calculating the "nutrition equivalent unit" of different crops to improve the national comparability of farmland classification results. Taking land consolidation project area in Quzhou county of Hebei Province with wheat as the base crop in northern China and Dingshu town, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, with rice as the base crop in southern China as examples to carry out research, the productive ratio coefficient was calculated by the nutrient equivalent correction method and the max yield ratio method, and in this paper, we compared the differences of farmland nature grade obtained by two methods. The results showed that the natural quality index range of Quzhou County's land consolidation project area increased from 2 060-2 896 to 2 516-3 580, and the nature grade increased from 11-15 to 13-18. The natural quality index range of Dingshu town decreased from 2 460-2 918 to 2 033-2 393, and the nature grade decreased from 13-15 to 11-12. The natural grade difference of farmland between two research areas expanded. By revising the existing productive ratio coefficient and establishing a more standardized grading system, this paper provides a scientific basis for ascertaining the quality of resources and for the balance of cultivated land in different places. It is an important way and means for deepening both the quantity of farmland resources and the quality of the management.
引文
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[18]王秋香.广东省农用地分等工作中应注意的技术问题[J].中国土地科学,2005,19(3):49-53.Wang Qiuxiang.Technical problems of agricultural land gradation in guangdong province[J].China Land Sciences,2005,19(3):49-53.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]薛红霞,何江华.广东省耕地分等中的土壤肥力评价指标体系[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(3):461-462.Xue Hongxia,He Jianghua.The evaluation criteria system of soil fertility in the cultivated land grading in Guangdong province[J].Ecology and Environment,2004,13(3):461-462.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]王春枝,斯琴.德尔菲法中的数据统计处理方法及其应用研究[J].内蒙古财经大学学报,2011,9(4):92-96.Wang Chunzhi,Si Qin.Astudy of data statistical processing method of Delphi method and its application[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Finance and Economics College,2011,9(4):92-96.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]徐海泉,卢士军,周琳,等.以营养当量评价食物营养价值的方法学研究[J].营养学报,2016,38(4):341-344.Xu Haiquan,Lu Shijun,Zhou Lin,et al.A new method to evaluate the nutrition value of foods with nutrition equivalent unit[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2016,38(4):341-344.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国食物成分表.(第2版)[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.
[23]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量:2013版[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[24]孙君茂,徐海泉,王小虎.马铃薯与稻米、小麦、玉米营养当量折算研究[J].营养学报,2016,38(5):448-450.Sun Junmao,Xu Haiquan,Wang Xiaohu.The study of nutrition equivalent unit conversion ratio of potato and rice,wheat or corn[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2016,38(5):448-450.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]赵彦锋,程道全,陈杰,等.耕地地力评价指标体系构建中的问题与分析逻辑[J].土壤学报,2015,52(6):1197-1208.Zhao Yanfeng,Cheng Daoquan,Chen Jie,et al.Problems and analytical logic in building cultivated land productivity evaluation index system[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(6):1197-1208.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]夏天.湖北省补充耕地按等级折算系数研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.Xia Tian.Study on Conversion Coefficient of Supplementary Cultivated Land in Hubei Province[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[30]张莉,吴克宁,饶彩霞,等.农用地分等中产量比系数对省际接边的影响研究:以湖北省为例[J].中国土地科学,2009,23(2):52-57.Zhang Li,Wu Kening,Rao Caixia,et al.Research on the impact ofβcoefficient of agricultural land classification on provincial bordering:A case of Hubei Province[J].China Land Science,2009,23(2):52-57.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]胡存智.中国农用土地分等定级理论与方法研究:兼论《农用地分等规程》总体思路及技术方案设计[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(3):4-13.Hu Cunzhi.Theory and method of china’s agricultural land classification and gradation:on general framework and technical scheme of the agricultural land classification rules[J].China Land Science,2012,26(3):4-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]张英,潘瑜春,曾志炫,等.基于农用地分等定级的耕地入选基本农田评价比较分析[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(3):29-33.Zhang Ying,Pan Yuchun,Zeng Zhixuan,et al.Comparative assessment on primary farmland zoning based on the farmland gradation program[J].China Land Science,2012,26(3):29-33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]中华人民共和国国土资源部.农用地分等规程(TD/T1004-2003)[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[4]中华人民共和国国土资源部.农用地质量分等规程(GB/T28407-2012)[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[5]陈安庆.兰州市农用土地分等定级的基本理论和方法[J].甘肃科学学报,1990(4):32-43.Chen Anqing.The basic theory and method of grading farming land in Lanzhou[J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,1990(4):32-43.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]王建国,单艳红,杨林章.我国农用地分等定级理论与方法探讨[J].土壤与作物,2002,18(2):84-88.Wang Jianguo,Shan Yanhong,Yang Linzhang.Theory and method of classification and gradation for farming land in China[J].Soil and Crop,2002,18(2):84-88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]张凤荣,安萍莉,胡存智.制定农用地分等定级野外诊断指标体系的原则、方法和依据[J].中国土地科学,2001,15(2):31-34.Zhang Fengrong,An Pingli,Hu Cunzhi.Principle,guideline,and basis on formulation of index system for field diagnosis of rural land classification[J].China Land Science,2001,15(2):31-34.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]张凤荣,安萍莉,王军艳,等.耕地分等中的土壤质量指标体系与分等方法[J].资源科学,2002,24(2):71-75.Zhang Fengrong,An Pingli,Wang Junyan,et al.Soil quality criteria and methodologies of farmland grading[J].Resources Science,2002,24(2):71-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]安萍莉,张凤荣,陈阜.农用地分等定级中标准耕作制度的确定[J].地理与地理信息科学,2002,18(2):45-48.An Pingli,Zhang Fengrong,Chen Fu.Determination of the standard farming system for farmland grading[J].Geography and Geo-information Science,2002,18(2):45-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]杨建锋,王国强,王令超,等.农用地分等中指标区间的自然质量分可比性研究:以河南省为例[J].国土资源科技管理,2005,22(6):6-9.Yang Jianfeng,Wang Guoqiang,Wang Lingchao,et al.Astudy of comparability of nature quantity cent in different criterion districts of farmland classification--with Henan Province as an example[J].Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources,2005,22(6):6-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]孔祥斌,林晶.农用地分等中产量比系数确定的研究[J].资源与产业,2008,10(5):77-82.Kong Xiangbin,Lin Jing.Study on productive ratio in farmland classification[J].Resources&Industries,2008,10(5):77-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]伍育鹏,郧文聚.农用地分等中几种β值计算方法的比较[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(36):11971-11973.Wu Yupeng,Yun Wenju.The comparing of various methods of calculateβin arable land grading[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(36):11971-11973.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]高向军,马仁会.中国农用土地等级评价研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):165-168.Gao Xiangjun,Ma Renhui.Research advances of gradation and evaluation of agricultural land in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2002,18(1):165-168.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]袁天凤,张孝成,邱道持,等.农用地分等中最大自然质量等指数可比性探讨[J].资源科学,2007,29(1):48-55.Yuan Tianfeng,Zhang Xiaocheng,Qiu Daochi,et al.Comparability of max physical quality grade index in farmland classification[J].Resources Science,2007,29(1):48-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]徐晗.耕地分等方法实证研究[D].西安:长安大学,2009.Xu Han.Authentic Proof Study on Gradation of Cultivated Land[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2009.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]林晶.耕地占补平衡按等级折算中产量比系数研究:以上海市崇明县为例[D].北京:中国农业大学,2007.
[17]孔祥斌,林晶,王健,等.产量比系数对农用地分等的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(1):237-243.Kong Xiangbin,Lin Jing,Wang Jian,et al.Impacts of productive ratio coefficient on grade of farmland classification[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(1):237-243.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]王秋香.广东省农用地分等工作中应注意的技术问题[J].中国土地科学,2005,19(3):49-53.Wang Qiuxiang.Technical problems of agricultural land gradation in guangdong province[J].China Land Sciences,2005,19(3):49-53.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]薛红霞,何江华.广东省耕地分等中的土壤肥力评价指标体系[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(3):461-462.Xue Hongxia,He Jianghua.The evaluation criteria system of soil fertility in the cultivated land grading in Guangdong province[J].Ecology and Environment,2004,13(3):461-462.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]王春枝,斯琴.德尔菲法中的数据统计处理方法及其应用研究[J].内蒙古财经大学学报,2011,9(4):92-96.Wang Chunzhi,Si Qin.Astudy of data statistical processing method of Delphi method and its application[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Finance and Economics College,2011,9(4):92-96.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]徐海泉,卢士军,周琳,等.以营养当量评价食物营养价值的方法学研究[J].营养学报,2016,38(4):341-344.Xu Haiquan,Lu Shijun,Zhou Lin,et al.A new method to evaluate the nutrition value of foods with nutrition equivalent unit[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2016,38(4):341-344.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国食物成分表.(第2版)[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.
[23]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量:2013版[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[24]孙君茂,徐海泉,王小虎.马铃薯与稻米、小麦、玉米营养当量折算研究[J].营养学报,2016,38(5):448-450.Sun Junmao,Xu Haiquan,Wang Xiaohu.The study of nutrition equivalent unit conversion ratio of potato and rice,wheat or corn[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2016,38(5):448-450.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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