Recovering threatened plant species and their habitats: The need for integrated action
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摘要
As an introduction to the Special Issue on the restoration of threatened plant species and their habitats,this editorial shows how the various papers in the issue address the range of in situ interventions involved in species population management and restoration of their habitat, together with examples of case studies implementing these actions. It stresses the need for integrating these various interventions.It highlights the importance of protected areas in providing a degree of protection for threatened species but also the need to complement this with actions at the species level to ensure the effective conservation and long term persistence of these species. It emphasizes that ecological restoration is a complement to, not a substitute for conservation, and that the balance of effort and allocation of resources between them is a key issue.
As an introduction to the Special Issue on the restoration of threatened plant species and their habitats,this editorial shows how the various papers in the issue address the range of in situ interventions involved in species population management and restoration of their habitat, together with examples of case studies implementing these actions. It stresses the need for integrating these various interventions.It highlights the importance of protected areas in providing a degree of protection for threatened species but also the need to complement this with actions at the species level to ensure the effective conservation and long term persistence of these species. It emphasizes that ecological restoration is a complement to, not a substitute for conservation, and that the balance of effort and allocation of resources between them is a key issue.
As an introduction to the Special Issue on the restoration of threatened plant species and their habitats,this editorial shows how the various papers in the issue address the range of in situ interventions involved in species population management and restoration of their habitat, together with examples of case studies implementing these actions. It stresses the need for integrating these various interventions.It highlights the importance of protected areas in providing a degree of protection for threatened species but also the need to complement this with actions at the species level to ensure the effective conservation and long term persistence of these species. It emphasizes that ecological restoration is a complement to, not a substitute for conservation, and that the balance of effort and allocation of resources between them is a key issue.
引文
Albrecht,M.A.,Long,Q.G.,2019.Habitat suitability and herbivores determine reintroduction success of an endangered legume.Plant Divers.41(2),109e117.
Aronson,J.,Blignaut,J.N.,Aronson,T.B.,2017.Conceptual frameworks and references for landscape-scale restoration:reflecting back and looking forward.Ann.Mo.Bot.Gard.102,188e200.
Besseau,P.,Graham,S.,Christophersen,T.(Eds.),2018.Restoring Forests and Landscapes:the Key to a Sustainable Future.Global Partnership on Forest and Landscape Restoration,Vienna,Austria.
CBD,2016.Convention on Biological Diversity.Decision adopted by the conference of the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity XIII/5.Ecosystem restoration:short-term action plan.CBD/COP/DEC/XIII/5 10 December 2016.https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-13/cop-13-dec-05-en.pdf.
Chapman,T.,Miles,S.,Trivedi,C.,2019.Capturing,protecting and restoring plant diversity in the UK:RBG Kew and the Millennium Seed Bank.Plant Divers 41(2),124e131.
Dani Sanchez,M.,Manco,B.N.,Blaise,J.,Corcoran,M.,Hamilton,M.A.,2019.Conserving and restoring the Caicos pine forests:The first decade.Plant Divers.41(2),75e83.
Falk,D.A.,2017.Restoration ecology,resilience,and the axes of change.Ann.Mo.Bot.Gard.102,201e216.
Falk,D.,2018.Cited in P.Woodworth,Can We Restore Our Ecosystems to Their Earlier Versions?The Irish Times.Thu,Nov 29,2018.https://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/can-we-restore-our-ecosystems-to-their-earlier-versions-1.3707259.
Fenu,G.,Bacchetta,G.,Christodoulou Charalambos,S.,Fournaraki,C.,Giusso del Galdo,G.P.,Gotsiou,P.,Kyratzis,A.,Piazza,C.,Vicens,M.,Pinna,M.S.,de Montmollin,B.,2019.An early evaluation of translocation actions for endangered plant species on Mediterranean islands.Plant Divers 41(2),94e104.
Heywood,V.,Shaw,K.,Harvey-Brown,Y.,Smith,P.(Eds.),2018.BGCI and IABG's Species Recovery Manual.Botanic Gardens Conservation International,Richmond,United Kingdom.
Heywood,V.H.,2019.Conserving plants within and beyond protected areas e still problematic and future uncertain.Plant Divers 41(2),36e49.
Lamb,D.,2018.Undertaking large-scale forest restoration to generate ecosystem services.Restor.Ecol.26,657e666.
Miandrimanana,C.,Reid,J.L.,Rivoharison,T.,Birkinshaw,C.,2019.Planting position and shade enhance native seedling performance in forest restoration for an endangered malagasy plant.Plant Divers 41(2),118e123.
Monks,L.,Barrett,S.,Beecham,B.,Byrne,M.,Chant,A.,Coates,D.,Anne Cochrane,J.,Crawford,A.,Dillon,R.,Yates,C.,2019.Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region.Plant Divers.41(2),59e74.
Palmer,M.A.,Zedler,J.B.,Falk,D.A.,2016.Foundations of Restoration Ecology,second ed.Island Press,Washington,DC,USA.
Shaw,T.E.,2019.Species diversity in restoration plantings:Important factors for increasing the diversity of threatened tree species in the restoration of the Araucaria forest ecosystem.Plant Divers 41(2),84e93.
Steffen,W.,Rockstr€om,J.,Richardson,K.,et al.,2018.Trajectories of the Earth system in the anthropocene.Proc.Natl Acad.Sci.115(2018),8252e8259.
Tojibaev,K.,Beshko,N.,Volis,S.,2019.Translocation of Otostegia bucharica,a highly threatened narrowly distributed relict shrub.Plant Divers.41(2),105e108.
Volis,S.,2019.Conservation-oriented restoration e a two for one method to restore both threatened species and their habitats.Plant Divers.41(2),50e58.
Aronson,J.,Blignaut,J.N.,Aronson,T.B.,2017.Conceptual frameworks and references for landscape-scale restoration:reflecting back and looking forward.Ann.Mo.Bot.Gard.102,188e200.
Besseau,P.,Graham,S.,Christophersen,T.(Eds.),2018.Restoring Forests and Landscapes:the Key to a Sustainable Future.Global Partnership on Forest and Landscape Restoration,Vienna,Austria.
CBD,2016.Convention on Biological Diversity.Decision adopted by the conference of the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity XIII/5.Ecosystem restoration:short-term action plan.CBD/COP/DEC/XIII/5 10 December 2016.https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-13/cop-13-dec-05-en.pdf.
Chapman,T.,Miles,S.,Trivedi,C.,2019.Capturing,protecting and restoring plant diversity in the UK:RBG Kew and the Millennium Seed Bank.Plant Divers 41(2),124e131.
Dani Sanchez,M.,Manco,B.N.,Blaise,J.,Corcoran,M.,Hamilton,M.A.,2019.Conserving and restoring the Caicos pine forests:The first decade.Plant Divers.41(2),75e83.
Falk,D.A.,2017.Restoration ecology,resilience,and the axes of change.Ann.Mo.Bot.Gard.102,201e216.
Falk,D.,2018.Cited in P.Woodworth,Can We Restore Our Ecosystems to Their Earlier Versions?The Irish Times.Thu,Nov 29,2018.https://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/can-we-restore-our-ecosystems-to-their-earlier-versions-1.3707259.
Fenu,G.,Bacchetta,G.,Christodoulou Charalambos,S.,Fournaraki,C.,Giusso del Galdo,G.P.,Gotsiou,P.,Kyratzis,A.,Piazza,C.,Vicens,M.,Pinna,M.S.,de Montmollin,B.,2019.An early evaluation of translocation actions for endangered plant species on Mediterranean islands.Plant Divers 41(2),94e104.
Heywood,V.,Shaw,K.,Harvey-Brown,Y.,Smith,P.(Eds.),2018.BGCI and IABG's Species Recovery Manual.Botanic Gardens Conservation International,Richmond,United Kingdom.
Heywood,V.H.,2019.Conserving plants within and beyond protected areas e still problematic and future uncertain.Plant Divers 41(2),36e49.
Lamb,D.,2018.Undertaking large-scale forest restoration to generate ecosystem services.Restor.Ecol.26,657e666.
Miandrimanana,C.,Reid,J.L.,Rivoharison,T.,Birkinshaw,C.,2019.Planting position and shade enhance native seedling performance in forest restoration for an endangered malagasy plant.Plant Divers 41(2),118e123.
Monks,L.,Barrett,S.,Beecham,B.,Byrne,M.,Chant,A.,Coates,D.,Anne Cochrane,J.,Crawford,A.,Dillon,R.,Yates,C.,2019.Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region.Plant Divers.41(2),59e74.
Palmer,M.A.,Zedler,J.B.,Falk,D.A.,2016.Foundations of Restoration Ecology,second ed.Island Press,Washington,DC,USA.
Shaw,T.E.,2019.Species diversity in restoration plantings:Important factors for increasing the diversity of threatened tree species in the restoration of the Araucaria forest ecosystem.Plant Divers 41(2),84e93.
Steffen,W.,Rockstr€om,J.,Richardson,K.,et al.,2018.Trajectories of the Earth system in the anthropocene.Proc.Natl Acad.Sci.115(2018),8252e8259.
Tojibaev,K.,Beshko,N.,Volis,S.,2019.Translocation of Otostegia bucharica,a highly threatened narrowly distributed relict shrub.Plant Divers.41(2),105e108.
Volis,S.,2019.Conservation-oriented restoration e a two for one method to restore both threatened species and their habitats.Plant Divers.41(2),50e58.