不同生育期饲料油菜体外发酵特性的研究
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摘要
试验通过研究不同生育期(现蕾期、盛花期和结荚期)饲料油菜的体外发酵特性,为合理利用饲料油菜提供理论依据,填补试验数据的空白。试验以不同生育期饲料油菜为样品,利用体外发酵产气法测定4、12、24、48、72 h的累计产气量、氨肽氮(NH3-N)浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。试验结果表明,不同生育期对饲料油菜体外发酵存在影响,总产气量随着生育期的延长逐渐降低(P>0.05),结荚期的产气延滞期显著低于现蕾期(P<0.05)、低于盛花期(P>0.05)。累计发酵72 h后,盛花期的NH3-N浓度显著高于现蕾期(P>0.05)和结荚期(P<0.05),盛花期乙酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸比值高于现蕾期和结荚期(P>0.05)。
Aiming at providing basis for reasonable devlopment and utilization, we conducted a study on the effect of different growth stages on artificial rumen fermentation, fill the empty test data. The different development stages of the forage rape as test samples. The in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate fermentation parameters and volatile fatty acid profile and ammonia N of 4, 12, 24, 48,72 h. Results showed that the total gas reducing with the growth period, and no significant difference in different growth period(P>0.05). Gas demurrage time of podding stage were significantly lower than squaring stage(P<0.05) and flowering stage(P>0.05). The concentrations of ammonia N in flowering stage(P>0.05) were higher than squaring stage and podding stage(P<0.05), after accumulating fermentation of 72 h. The flowering stage of acetic acid and acetate to propionate ratio in flowering stage were higher than squaring stage and podding stage(P>0.05).
Aiming at providing basis for reasonable devlopment and utilization, we conducted a study on the effect of different growth stages on artificial rumen fermentation, fill the empty test data. The different development stages of the forage rape as test samples. The in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate fermentation parameters and volatile fatty acid profile and ammonia N of 4, 12, 24, 48,72 h. Results showed that the total gas reducing with the growth period, and no significant difference in different growth period(P>0.05). Gas demurrage time of podding stage were significantly lower than squaring stage(P<0.05) and flowering stage(P>0.05). The concentrations of ammonia N in flowering stage(P>0.05) were higher than squaring stage and podding stage(P<0.05), after accumulating fermentation of 72 h. The flowering stage of acetic acid and acetate to propionate ratio in flowering stage were higher than squaring stage and podding stage(P>0.05).
引文
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[15]张吉鹍.粗饲料分级指数参数的模型化及粗饲料科学搭配的组合效应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2004.
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[18]Wanapat M,Pimpa O.Effect of ruminal NH3-N levels on ruminal fermentation,purine derivatives,digestibility and rice straw intake in Swamp Buffaloes[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,1999,12(6):904-907.
[19]程茂基.绵羊瘤胃内寡肽的产生、降解、吸收、流通与微生物摄取规律的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2000.
[20]刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012(6):1069-1077.
[21]余苗.不同生长期两种牧草瘤胃降解率及体外发酵产气特性的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[22]Cone J W,Van Gelder A H.Iinfluence of protein fermentation on gas production profiles[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1999(76):251-264.
[23]甘洁.不同品种及生育期玉米秸秆体外发酵特性和尼龙袋降解率的研究[J].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007.
[24]余苗,钟荣珍,周道玮,等.不同生育期虎尾草的体外发酵产气特性[J].草业科学,2014,31(5):956-964.
[25]Beruman E N.Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species[J].Physiological Revicews,1990,70(2):567-590.
[26]王春林,陈喜斌.反刍动物的葡萄糖营养与调控[J].Animal Science Abroad,2001,28(5):2-4.
[27]Silanikove N,Gilboa N,Nir I,et al.Effect of a daily supplementation of Polyethylene Glycol on intake and digestion of tan-nincontaining leaves(Quercus calliprinos,Pistacia lentiscus and Ceratonia siliqua by goats)[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1996(44):199-205.
[28]李占明,马敏,赵微,等.山野豌豆不同生长时期营养动态变化及其对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响[J].饲料研究,2016(2):1-6.
[29]马敏,李明超,赵微,等.利用体外产气法研究不同生长期胡枝子对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(1):19-23.
[30]Wang Y,Barbieri L R,Berg B P,et al.Effects of mixing sainfoin with alfalfa on ensiling,ruminal fermentation and total tract digestion of silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007(135):296-314.
[31]Ngamsaeng A,Wanapat M,Khampa S.Evaluation of local tropical plants by in vitro rumen fermentation and their effects on fermentation end-products[J].Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,2006,5(5):414-418.
[2]郭丛阳,王天河,杨文元,等.河西地区麦后复种饲用(绿肥)油菜栽培技术及效益分析[J].草业科学,2008,25(3):90-92.
[3]张俊英,赵志伟,张应礼.饲用油菜与枯黄玉米秸秆复合青贮饲喂山羊试验[J].技术推广,2006,26(3):61.
[4]金光忠,周顺成.麦后复种饲料油菜的种植利用及效益分析[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2008,29(6):65-66.
[5]董小英,唐胜球.饲料油菜生物学特性及应用研究进展[J].饲料原料新研究,2014(7):9-11.
[6]王殿武,文振海,文宏达,等.高寒半干旱区油菜牧草混播草地土壤环境效应[J].草业学报,1999,8(4):1-9.
[7]李峻成,王天玲,夏弘,等.绵羊转移饲养的效应[J].草业学报,2002,11(3):60-65.
[8]Menke K H,Raab L,Salewski A.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production whethey ale incubated with rumen liquor in vitro[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1979(93):217-222.
[9]李富娟,玉永雄.苜蓿蛋白质及影响苜蓿粗蛋白含量的主要因素[J].四川草原,2006(2):6-9.
[10]Blümmel M,Orskov E R.Comparison of in vitro and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting in feed intake in cattle[J].Animal Fecd Science and Technology,1993(40):109-119.
[11]Clark J H,Klusmeyer T H,Cameron M R.Nitrogen metabolism and amino acid nutrition in dairy cattle:Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992(75):2304-2323.
[12]李扬汉.植物学[M].上海:科学技术出版社,1997:87-99.
[13]汤少勋,姜海林,周传社.不同品种牧草间组合时体外发酵产气特性的研究[J].草业学报,2006,15(1):68-75.
[14]Nsahlai I V,Siaw D E K A,Osuji P O.The relationships between gas production and chemical composition of 23 browses of the Genus sesbania[J].J.Sci.Food.Agric.,1994(65):13-20.
[15]张吉鹍.粗饲料分级指数参数的模型化及粗饲料科学搭配的组合效应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2004.
[16]Mcdonald I A.Revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen[J].Agriculture Science,1981(96):251-252.
[17]张吉鹃,李龙瑞,邹庆华.稻草与不同水平百脉根组合的瘤胃体外发酵及甲烷产量的动态变化规律[J].中国奶牛,2012(4):15-21.
[18]Wanapat M,Pimpa O.Effect of ruminal NH3-N levels on ruminal fermentation,purine derivatives,digestibility and rice straw intake in Swamp Buffaloes[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,1999,12(6):904-907.
[19]程茂基.绵羊瘤胃内寡肽的产生、降解、吸收、流通与微生物摄取规律的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2000.
[20]刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012(6):1069-1077.
[21]余苗.不同生长期两种牧草瘤胃降解率及体外发酵产气特性的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[22]Cone J W,Van Gelder A H.Iinfluence of protein fermentation on gas production profiles[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1999(76):251-264.
[23]甘洁.不同品种及生育期玉米秸秆体外发酵特性和尼龙袋降解率的研究[J].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007.
[24]余苗,钟荣珍,周道玮,等.不同生育期虎尾草的体外发酵产气特性[J].草业科学,2014,31(5):956-964.
[25]Beruman E N.Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species[J].Physiological Revicews,1990,70(2):567-590.
[26]王春林,陈喜斌.反刍动物的葡萄糖营养与调控[J].Animal Science Abroad,2001,28(5):2-4.
[27]Silanikove N,Gilboa N,Nir I,et al.Effect of a daily supplementation of Polyethylene Glycol on intake and digestion of tan-nincontaining leaves(Quercus calliprinos,Pistacia lentiscus and Ceratonia siliqua by goats)[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1996(44):199-205.
[28]李占明,马敏,赵微,等.山野豌豆不同生长时期营养动态变化及其对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响[J].饲料研究,2016(2):1-6.
[29]马敏,李明超,赵微,等.利用体外产气法研究不同生长期胡枝子对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(1):19-23.
[30]Wang Y,Barbieri L R,Berg B P,et al.Effects of mixing sainfoin with alfalfa on ensiling,ruminal fermentation and total tract digestion of silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007(135):296-314.
[31]Ngamsaeng A,Wanapat M,Khampa S.Evaluation of local tropical plants by in vitro rumen fermentation and their effects on fermentation end-products[J].Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,2006,5(5):414-418.