自噬与椎间盘退变关系的研究进展
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摘要
自噬是一种将细胞内受损、变性、衰老的细胞器或蛋白质运输到自噬溶酶体中进行降解、循环与再利用的生物学过程。近年来研究发现,细胞自噬存在于多数退行性疾病中,其中包括骨性关节炎以及椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)。椎间盘退变是各种退行性脊柱疾病的病理基础,是导致下腰痛的主要原因。有研究发现,在退变的椎间盘细胞中存在不同水平的自噬,但是椎间盘退变中自噬的确切作用目前仍然存在争议。因此有必要深入了解髓核细胞自身的自噬作用及其对细胞生存的影响,这对退行性椎间盘疾病的预防和治疗具有重要的临床意义。该文概要地介绍了自噬作用和过程的最新研究进展,并着重总结自噬与椎间盘退变的关系。
Autophagy is a life-sustaining process used by the cell to deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation and recycle. In recent years, It is reported that there exists autophagy in degenerative disease, including osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD). As a main contributing factor to low back pain, IDD is the pathological basis for various debilitating spinal diseases. Either higher or lower levels of autophagy are observed in degenerative intervertebral disc(IVD) cells. Although the precise role of autophagy in disc degeneration is still controversial, but we believed that understanding the autophagy response of nucleus pulposus(NP) cells and its role in cell survival had important clinical significance in the prevention and treatment of degenerative discogenic diseases. In this review, we briefly summarize recent progress in understanding the function and process of autophagy. In particular, we focus on studies that reveal the relationship between autophagy and IVD degeneration.
Autophagy is a life-sustaining process used by the cell to deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation and recycle. In recent years, It is reported that there exists autophagy in degenerative disease, including osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD). As a main contributing factor to low back pain, IDD is the pathological basis for various debilitating spinal diseases. Either higher or lower levels of autophagy are observed in degenerative intervertebral disc(IVD) cells. Although the precise role of autophagy in disc degeneration is still controversial, but we believed that understanding the autophagy response of nucleus pulposus(NP) cells and its role in cell survival had important clinical significance in the prevention and treatment of degenerative discogenic diseases. In this review, we briefly summarize recent progress in understanding the function and process of autophagy. In particular, we focus on studies that reveal the relationship between autophagy and IVD degeneration.
引文
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3 Boubriak OA,Watson N,Sivan SS,Stubbens N,Urban JPFactors regulating viable cell density in the intervertebral disc:Blood supply in relation to disc height.J Anat 2013;222(3):341-8.
4 García-Cosamalón J,Fernández-Fernández J,González-Martínez E,Ibá?ez-Plágaro J,Robla Costales J,Martínez-Madrigal M,et al.Innervation of the intervertebral disc.Neurocirugia(Astur)2013;24(3):121-9.
5 Schroeder K,Richards S.Non-specific low back pain.Lancet2012;379(9814):482-91.
6 Katz JN.Lumbar disc disorders and low-back pain:Socioeconomic factors and consequences.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88 Suppl 2:21-4.
7 Adams MA,Roughley PJ.Whatisinter verte braldisc degeneration,and what causes it?Spine 2006;31(18):2151-61.
8 Wang SZ,Rui YF,Tan Q.Enhancing intervertebral disc repair and regeneration through biology:Platelet-rich plasma as an alternative strategy.Arthritis Res Ther 2013;15(5):106-11.
9 Woods BI,Vo N,Sowa G,Kang JD.Gene therapy for intervertebral disk degeneration.Orthop Clin North Am 2011;42(4):563-74.
10 Zhang Y,Chee A,Thonar EJ,An HS.Intervertebral disk repair by protein,gene,or cell injection:A framework for rehabilitationfocused biologics in the spine.PM R 2011;3(1):88-94.
11 O'Connell GD,Leach JK,Klineberg EO.Tissue engineering a biological repair strategy for lumbar disc herniation.Biores Open Access 2015;4(1):431-45.
12 Werner BC,Li X,Shen FH.Stem cells in preclinical spine studies.Spine J 2014;14(3):542-51.
13 Vasiliadis ES,Pneumaticos SG,Evangelopoulos DS,Papavassiliou AG.Biologic treatment of mild and moderate intervertebral disc degeneration.Mol Med 2014;20(3):400-9.
14 Wang C,Wang WJ,Yan YG,Xiang YX,Zhang J,Tang ZH,et al.Micro RNAs:New players in intervertebral disc degeneration.Clin Chim Acta 2015;450:333-41.
15 Xu YQ,Zhang ZH,Zheng YF,Feng SQ.Dysregulated mi R-133a mediates loss of type II collagen by directly targeting matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9)in human intervertebral disc degeneration.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2016;41(12):E717-24.
16 Kiriyama Y,Nochi H.The function of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.Int J Mol Sci 2014;16(11):26797-812.
17 Wang L,Law HK.The role of autophagy in lupus nephritis.Int JMol Sci 2015;16(10):25154-67.
18 Duarte JH.Osteoarthritis:Autophagy prevents age-related OA.Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015;11(12):683.
19 Li YS,Zhang FJ,Zeng C,Luo W,Xiao WF,Gao SG,et al.Autophagy in osteoarthritis.Joint Bone Spine 2015;83(2):143-8.
20 Navone F,Genevini P,Borgese N.Autophagy and neurodegeneration:Insights from a cultured cell model of ALS.Cell 2014;4(3):354-86.
21 Xu G,Mei Q,Zhou D,Wu J,Han L.Vitamin D receptor gene and aggrecan gene polymorphisms and the risk of intervertebral disc degeneration-a meta-analysis.PLo S One 2012;7(11):e50243.
22 Kadow T,Sowa G,Vo N,Kang JD.Molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration and herniations:What are the important translational questions?Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014;473(6):1903-12.
23 Kepler CK,Ponnappan RK,Tannoury CA,Risbud MV,Anderson DG.The molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration.Spine J 2013;13(3):318-30.
24 BattiéMC,Videman T,Carragee EJ.Re:Virtanen IM,Karppinen J,Taimela S,et al.Occupational and genetic risk factors associated with intervertebral disc disease.Spine 2007;32(10):1129-34.
25 Depalma MJ,Ketchum JM,Saullo TR.Multivariable analyses of the relationships between age,gender,and body mass index and the source of chronic low back pain.Pain Med 2012;13(4):498-506.
26 Elfering A,Semmer N,Birkhofer D,Elfering A,Semmer N,Birkhofer D.Risk factors for lumbar disc degeneration:A 5-year prospective MRI study in asymptomatic individuals.Spine 2002;27(27):125-34.
27 Liu S,Nan W,Liu J,Liu H,Su X,Liu Z,et al.Association between ADAMTS-4,gene polymorphism and lumbar disc degeneration in Chinese Han population.J Orthop Res 2015;34(5):860-864.
28 Wu N,Chen J,Liu H,Zhao L,Liu S,Liu J,et al.The involvement of ADAMTS-5 genetic polymorphisms in predisposition and diffusion tensor imaging alterations of lumbar disc degeneration.JOrthop Res 2014;32(5):686-94.
29 Hall J.Association of the polymorphism of MMP2 with the risk and severity of lumbar disc degeneration in the Chinese Han population.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013;17(13):1830-4.
30 Zawilla NH,Darweesh H,Mansour N,Helal S,Taha FM,Awadallah M,et al.Matrix metalloproteinase-3,vitamin Dreceptor gene polymorphisms,and occupational risk factors in lumbar disc degeneration.J Occup Rehabil 2014;24(2):1-12.
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