脂筏结构在细胞内蛋白质运输中的作用
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摘要
在细胞膜中存在由胆固醇、鞘糖脂以及蛋白质等成分组成的液态有序的结构,叫做脂筏。从内质网到高尔基体再到细胞质膜,脂筏结构在细胞膜中所占的比例越来越高。脂筏在高尔基体到细胞质膜的物质转运以及细胞内吞、再循环过程中发挥着重要的作用。本文将就脂筏结构在物质从高尔基体到质膜的转运和细胞内吞过程中的作用及其分子机制做一综述。
The ordered liquid structure composed of cholesterol, glycosphingolipid and protein in cell membrane is called lipid raft. The proportion of lipid raft in cell membrane becomes higher from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus and then to plasma membrane. Lipid raft plays an important role in the protein transport from Golgi apparatus to plasma membrane, in endocytosis and recycling. This review will focus on the function and molecular mechanism of lipid raft in the protein transport from Golgi apparatus to plasma membrane and endocytosis.
The ordered liquid structure composed of cholesterol, glycosphingolipid and protein in cell membrane is called lipid raft. The proportion of lipid raft in cell membrane becomes higher from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus and then to plasma membrane. Lipid raft plays an important role in the protein transport from Golgi apparatus to plasma membrane, in endocytosis and recycling. This review will focus on the function and molecular mechanism of lipid raft in the protein transport from Golgi apparatus to plasma membrane and endocytosis.
引文
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[2]Sudhof TC,Rothman JE.Membrane fusion:grappling with SNARE and SM proteins[J].Science,2009,323(5913):474-477.
[3]Schwake M,Schr?der B,Saftig P.Lysosomal membrane proteins thantheir central role in physiology[J].Traffic,2013,14(7):739-748.
[4]Egami Y,Taguchi T,Maekawa M,et al.Small GTPases and phosphoinositides in the regulatory mechanisms of macropinosome formation and maturation[J].Front Physiol,2014,5:374.
[5]Lingwood D,Simons K,Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle[J].Science,2010,327(5961):46-50.
[6]Surma MA,Klose C,Simons K.Lipid-dependent protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2012,1821(8):1059-1067.
[7]Levental I,Grzybek M,Simons K.Greasing their way:lipid modifications determine protein association with membrane rafts[J].Biochemistry,2010,49(30):6305-6016.
[8]Paladino S,Sarnataro D,Pillich R,et al.Protein oligomerization modulates raft partitioning and apical sorting of GPI-anchored proteins[J].J Cell Biol,2004,167(4):699-709.
[9]Meder D,Moreno MJ,Verkade,et al.Phase coexistence and connectivity in the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2006,103(2):329-334.
[10]Gerl MJ,Sampaio JL,Urban S,et al.Quantitative analysis of the lipidomes of the influenza virus envelope and MDCK cell apical membrane[J].J Cell Biol,2012,196(2):213-221.
[11]Mc Mahon HT,Boucrot E,Molecular mechanism and physiological functions of clathrin-mediated endocytosis[J].Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio,2011,12(8):517-533.
[12]Parton RG,del Pozo MA.Caveolae as plasma membrane sensors,protectors and organizers[J].Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2013,14(2):98-112.
[13]Posor Y,Eichhorn-Grünig M,Haucke V.Phosphoinositides in endocytosis[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2015,1851(6):794-804.
[14]Chaudhary N,Gomez GA,Howes MT,et al.Endocytic crosstalk:cavins,caveolins,and caveolae regulate clathrin-independent endocytosis[J].PLos One,2014,9(6):e100554.
[15]Hongu T,Kanaho Y.Activation machinery of the small GTPase Arf6[J].Adv Biol Regul,2014,54:59-66.
[16]Hilgemann DW,Fine M,Linder ME,et al.Massive endocytosis triggered by surface membrane palmitoylation under mitochondrial control in BHK fibroblasts[J].Elife,2013,2:e01293.
[17]Hao M,Lin SX,Karylowski OJ,et al.Vesicular and non-vesicular sterol transport in living cells.The endocytic recycling compartment is a major sterol storage organelle[J].J Biol Chem,2002,277(1):609-617.
[18]Diaz-Rohrer B,Levental K,Simons K,et al.Membrane raft association is a determinant of plasma membrane localization[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2014,111(23):8500-8505.
[19]Mobius W,van Donselaar E,Ohno-Iwashita Y,et al.Recycling compartments and the internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies harbor most of the cholesterol found in the endocytic pathway[J].Traffic,2003,4(4):222-231.
[20]Lloyd-Evans E,Platt FM.Lipids on trial:the search for the affending metabolite in Niemann-Pick type C disease[J].Traffic,2010,11(4):419-428.
[21]Walser PJ,Ariotti N,Howes M,et al.Constitutive formation of caveolae in a bacterium[J].Cell,2012,150(4):752-763.
[22]Diaz-Rohrer B,Levental KR,Levental I.Rafting through traffic:Membrane domains in cellular logistics[J].Biochim Biophs Acta,2014,1838(12):303-313.
[23]Babuke T,Ruonala M,Meister M,et al.Hetero-oligomerization of reggie-1/flotillin-2 and reggie-2/flotillin-1 is required for their endocytosis[J].Cell Signal,2009,21(8):1287-1297.
[24]A?t-Slimane T,Galmes R,Trugnan G,et al.Basolateral internalizai-ton of GPI-anchored proteins occurs via a clathrin-independent flotillin-dependent pathway in polarized hepatic cells[J].Mol Biol Cell,2009,20(17):3792-3800.
[25]EI-Sayed A,Harashima H.Endocytosis of gene delivery vectors:from clathrin-dependent to lipid raft-mediated endocytosis[J].Mol Ther,2013,21(6):1118-1130.
[26]Sannerud R,Declerck I,Peric A.ADP ribosylation factor 6(ARF6)controls amyloid precursor protein(APP)processing by mediating the endosomal sorting of BACE1[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(34):E559-568.