两种饲养方式对苏尼特羊肉脂肪酸组成和脂肪代谢相关基因表达的影响
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摘要
本实验分别选取放牧条件和舍饲条件下饲养12个月的苏尼特羊各10只(公母各5只),利用气相色谱-质谱法和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法测定不同饲养方式下苏尼特羊股二头肌脂肪酸组成和脂肪代谢相关基因表达差异,研究不同饲养方式下脂肪代谢相关基因对脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:放牧组羊肉饱和脂肪酸相对含量显著低于舍饲组(P<0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸相对含量显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸中α-亚麻酸、共轭亚油酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸相对含量均显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05);放牧条件下股二头肌的固醇调节元件结合蛋白基因表达量显著低于舍饲条件下(P<0.05);放牧条件下股二头肌二酰基甘油酰基转移酶、激素敏感酯酶、脂肪酸脱氢酶2基因表达量均显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05);同时PPARγ基因表达量与饱和脂肪酸含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,从脂肪酸的角度来讲,放牧组肌肉营养价值更高,今后可通过调控脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达来改善舍饲羊营养品质。
The effect of different feeding systems on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in Biceps femoris from Sunit sheep was investigated. A total of 20 twelve-month-old sheep were allocated to two feeding regimens with 10 animals each(half each gender): grazing and stall feeding. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The expression of fatty acid synthase(FASN), sterol regulatory element binding protein1-c(SREBP1-c), diacylglycerol acyltransferase(DGAT), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ(PPARγ), hormone sensitive lipase(HSL), lipoprotein lipase(LPL), fatty acid dehydrogenase 1(FADS1) and fatty acid dehydrogenase 2(FADS2) genes was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that meat from grazing sheep had significantly lower amounts of saturated fatty acids than stall-fed sheep(P < 0.05). The contents of palmioleic acid and oleic acid as monounsaturated fatty acids and the contents of α-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher than in the stall-fed group(P < 0.05). The expression of SREBP1-c gene was significantly lower in the grazing group(P < 0.05) whereas the expression of DGAT, HSL, and FADS2 genes were significantly higher compared with the stall-fed group(P < 0.05). The expression of PPARγ gene and saturated fatty acid content had a significantly negative correlation with each other(P < 0.05). Thus, in terms of fatty acid composition, meat from grazing animals had a higher nutritional value.Furthermore, the nutritional quality of meat from stall-fed sheep could be improved by regulating the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes.
The effect of different feeding systems on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in Biceps femoris from Sunit sheep was investigated. A total of 20 twelve-month-old sheep were allocated to two feeding regimens with 10 animals each(half each gender): grazing and stall feeding. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The expression of fatty acid synthase(FASN), sterol regulatory element binding protein1-c(SREBP1-c), diacylglycerol acyltransferase(DGAT), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ(PPARγ), hormone sensitive lipase(HSL), lipoprotein lipase(LPL), fatty acid dehydrogenase 1(FADS1) and fatty acid dehydrogenase 2(FADS2) genes was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that meat from grazing sheep had significantly lower amounts of saturated fatty acids than stall-fed sheep(P < 0.05). The contents of palmioleic acid and oleic acid as monounsaturated fatty acids and the contents of α-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher than in the stall-fed group(P < 0.05). The expression of SREBP1-c gene was significantly lower in the grazing group(P < 0.05) whereas the expression of DGAT, HSL, and FADS2 genes were significantly higher compared with the stall-fed group(P < 0.05). The expression of PPARγ gene and saturated fatty acid content had a significantly negative correlation with each other(P < 0.05). Thus, in terms of fatty acid composition, meat from grazing animals had a higher nutritional value.Furthermore, the nutritional quality of meat from stall-fed sheep could be improved by regulating the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes.
引文
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[19]YAKAN A,ATES C T,ALASAHAN S,et al.Damascus kids’ slaughter,carcass and meat quality traits in different production systems using antioxidant supplementation[J].Small Ruminant Research,2016,136:43-53.DOI:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.01.002.
[20]王柏辉,杨蕾,罗玉龙,等.饲养方式对苏尼特羊肠道菌群与脂肪酸代谢的影响[J].食品科学,2018,39(17):1-7.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201817001.
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[22]SCERRA M,LUCIANO G,CAPARRA P,et al.Influence of stall finishing duration of Italian Merino lambs raised on pasture on intramuscular fatty acid composition[J].Meat Science,2011,89(2):238-242.DOI:10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.012.
[23]LIND V,BERG J,EIK L O,et al.Meat quality of lamb:pre-slaughter fattening on cultivated or mountainrange pastures[J].Meat Science,2009,83(4):706-712.
[24]茅慧玲,刘建新.反刍动物肌肉脂肪酸营养调控研究进展[J].饲料工业,2010,31(23):30-34.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-991X.2010.23.009.
[25]冯德庆,黄勤楼,黄秀声,等.添加黑麦草饲粮对鹅肉脂肪酸组成的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(6):1323-1328.DOI:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2015.06.028.
[26]尹丽卿,杨晶,苏琳,等.不同月龄巴寒F2羊和小尾寒羊肌肉中共轭亚油酸含量比较[J].中国食品学报,2017,17(2):281-287.
[27]SA?UDO C,ENSER M E,CAMPO M M,et al.Fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of lamb carcasses from Britain and Spain[J].Meat Science,2000,54(4):339-346.DOI:10.1016/S0309-1740(99)00108-4.
[28]ALENTINA T,FREDRIK B.Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism[J].Nature,2012,489:242-249.DOI:10.1038/nature11552.
[29]吴铁梅.自然放牧与舍饲育肥条件下阿尔巴斯白绒山羊脂肪与蛋白质代谢的差异比较研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016:3-7.
[30]时皎皎,糜漫天,韦娜,等.不同脂肪酸构成对大鼠肝脏HMG-CoAR、SREBP-1c表达的影响[J].西南国防药,2011,21(8):813-816.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-0188.2011.08.001.
[31]林杰义,张奕,罗玮,等.不同脂肪酸对脂肪细胞脂联素及PPARγ基因表达影响[J].中国公共卫生,2012,28(4):493-495.DOI:10.11847/zgggws2012-28-04-31.
[32]王柏辉,靳志敏,刘夏炜,等.影响羊肉中不饱和脂肪酸沉积因素的研究进展[J].食品工业,2014,35(12):226-229.
[33]CIVIDINI A,LEVART A,?GUR S,et al.Fatty acid composition of lamb meat from the autochthonous breed reared in different production systems[J].Meat Science,2014,97(4):480-485.DOI:10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.12.012.
[2]SHI H B,LUO J,ZHU J J,et al.PPAR-γregulates genes involved in triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion in mammary gland epithelial cells of dairy goats[J].PPAR Research,2013,2013:310948.DOI:10.1155/2013/310948.
[3]HARVATINE K J,BAUMAN D E.SREBP1 and thyroid hormone responsive spot 14(S14)are involved in the regulation of bovine mammary lipid synthesis during diet-induced milk fat depression and treatment with CLA[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2006,136(10):2468-2474.DOI:10.1093/jn/136.10.2468.
[4]YAN X C,WANG Y Z,XU Z R.Regulation of fatty acid synthase(FASN)gene expression in animals[J].Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica,2002,14(2):1-4.
[5]LIU L,ZHANG Y Y,CHEN N,et al.Upregulation of myocellular DGAT1 augments triglyceride synthesis in skeletal muscle and protects against fat-induced insulin resistance[J].The Journal of Clinical Investigation,2007,117(6):1679-1689.DOI:10.1172/JCI30565.
[6]过军明,束刚,王松波,等.DGAT2对3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞不饱和脂肪酸组成的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2012,44(增刊1):166.
[7]UENTER H,ROBERT Z,RUDOLF Z.Letting lipids go:hormonesensitive lipase[J].Current Opinion in Lipidology,2003,14:289-297.DOI:10.1097/00041433-200306000-00009.
[8]KAZALA E C,PETRAK J L,LOZEMAN F J,et al.Hormonesensitive lipase activity in relation to fat content of muscle in Wagyu hybrid cattle[J].Livestock Production Science,2003,79(1):87-96.DOI:10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00141-0.
[9]OH D,LA B,LEE Y,et al.Identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of the lipoprotein lipase(LPL)gene associated with fatty acid composition in Korean cattle[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2013,40(4):3155-3163.DOI:10.1007/s11033-012-2389-y.
[10]BRENNER R R.Hormonal modulation of delta6 and delta5desaturases:case of diabetes[J].Prostaglandins Leukotrienes&Essential Fatty Acids,2003,68(2):151-162.DOI:10.1016/S0952-3278(02)00265-X.
[11]梅秀丽.优质鸡不同饲养方式下FADS1、FADS2基因的表达及其对脂肪酸组成的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012:5-11.
[12]KHANG N T,JENNEN D G,THOLEN E,et al.Association of the FADS2 gene withω-6 andω-3 PUFA concentration in the egg yolk of Japanese quail[J].Animal Biotechnology,2007,18(3):189-201.DOI:10.1080/10495390701201390.
[13]WEBB E C,O’NEILL H A.The animal fat paradox and meat quality[J].Meat Science,2008,80:28-36.DOI:10.101 6/j.meatsci.2008.05.029.
[14]ELMORE J S,COOPER S L,ENSER M,et al.Dietary manipulation of fatty acid comPosition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma comPounds of grilled lamb[J].Meat Science,2005,69(2):233-242.DOI:10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.002.
[15]莎丽娜,靳烨,席棋乐木格,等.苏尼特羊肉食用品质的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008(1):106-109.
[16]GOKALP O G,ABDURRAHMAN A.Effect of feeding regime on fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of perirenal,omental and tail fat in Akkaraman lambs[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(36):7099-7107.DOI:10.5897/AJB11.023.
[17]ZAPASNIKIENE B.The effects of different housing and feeding systems on the growth and muscularity of weaned lambs[J].Veterinarija ir Zootechnika,2010,49(71):83-87.
[18]VASTA V D,ALESSANDRO A G,PRIOLO A,et al.Volatile compound profile of ewe’s milk and meat of their suckling lambs in relation to pasture vs.indoor feeding system[J].Small Ruminant Research,2012,105(1/2/3):16-21.DOI:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.02.010.
[19]YAKAN A,ATES C T,ALASAHAN S,et al.Damascus kids’ slaughter,carcass and meat quality traits in different production systems using antioxidant supplementation[J].Small Ruminant Research,2016,136:43-53.DOI:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.01.002.
[20]王柏辉,杨蕾,罗玉龙,等.饲养方式对苏尼特羊肠道菌群与脂肪酸代谢的影响[J].食品科学,2018,39(17):1-7.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201817001.
[21]李焕,陈侨侨,刘辉,等.定量结构-色谱保留相关联方法分析食用植物油中脂肪酸组成[J].食品科学,2014,35(4):86-90.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201404018.
[22]SCERRA M,LUCIANO G,CAPARRA P,et al.Influence of stall finishing duration of Italian Merino lambs raised on pasture on intramuscular fatty acid composition[J].Meat Science,2011,89(2):238-242.DOI:10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.012.
[23]LIND V,BERG J,EIK L O,et al.Meat quality of lamb:pre-slaughter fattening on cultivated or mountainrange pastures[J].Meat Science,2009,83(4):706-712.
[24]茅慧玲,刘建新.反刍动物肌肉脂肪酸营养调控研究进展[J].饲料工业,2010,31(23):30-34.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-991X.2010.23.009.
[25]冯德庆,黄勤楼,黄秀声,等.添加黑麦草饲粮对鹅肉脂肪酸组成的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(6):1323-1328.DOI:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2015.06.028.
[26]尹丽卿,杨晶,苏琳,等.不同月龄巴寒F2羊和小尾寒羊肌肉中共轭亚油酸含量比较[J].中国食品学报,2017,17(2):281-287.
[27]SA?UDO C,ENSER M E,CAMPO M M,et al.Fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of lamb carcasses from Britain and Spain[J].Meat Science,2000,54(4):339-346.DOI:10.1016/S0309-1740(99)00108-4.
[28]ALENTINA T,FREDRIK B.Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism[J].Nature,2012,489:242-249.DOI:10.1038/nature11552.
[29]吴铁梅.自然放牧与舍饲育肥条件下阿尔巴斯白绒山羊脂肪与蛋白质代谢的差异比较研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016:3-7.
[30]时皎皎,糜漫天,韦娜,等.不同脂肪酸构成对大鼠肝脏HMG-CoAR、SREBP-1c表达的影响[J].西南国防药,2011,21(8):813-816.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-0188.2011.08.001.
[31]林杰义,张奕,罗玮,等.不同脂肪酸对脂肪细胞脂联素及PPARγ基因表达影响[J].中国公共卫生,2012,28(4):493-495.DOI:10.11847/zgggws2012-28-04-31.
[32]王柏辉,靳志敏,刘夏炜,等.影响羊肉中不饱和脂肪酸沉积因素的研究进展[J].食品工业,2014,35(12):226-229.
[33]CIVIDINI A,LEVART A,?GUR S,et al.Fatty acid composition of lamb meat from the autochthonous breed reared in different production systems[J].Meat Science,2014,97(4):480-485.DOI:10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.12.012.