饱食投喂频率对子二代中华鲟稚鱼生长及胃肠排空的影响
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摘要
为探计不同饱食投喂频率对子二代中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)的影响,选择子二代中华鲟(0.15±0.02)g稚鱼在水温(18.0±0.5)℃的不同饱食投喂频率(2、3、4次/d)条件下,测定其生长及胃肠排空特征,并用线性、指数和平方根模型对其胃肠排空数据进行拟合。结果显示:(1)饱食投喂频率的增加显著降低了实验鱼的摄食率(FR),但对增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、肥满度(CF)、肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)等指标未产生显著影响;(2)随着饱食投喂频率的增加,实验鱼的体长、体质量变异系数显著降低,生长离散程度明显减小;(3)饱食投喂频率对子二代中华鲟稚鱼的胃、肠排空特征未产生影响,但对胃、肠排空最优模型的选择产生了影响;2、3和4次/d组胃排空最优模型依次为平方根模型(Y~(0.5)=2.253-0.077t)、平方根模型(Y~(0.5)=2.12-0.081t)和指数模型(Y=5.001e~(-0.225t));(4)3种模型均不适于拟合实验鱼肠排空过程的全部数据,但可拟合t≥T后的肠排空数据(T为肠内容物比率达到最大值的时间);2、3和4次/d组肠排空的最优拟合模型分别为平方根模型(Y~(0.5)=1.904-0.056t,t≥10)、指数模型(Y=3.383e~(-0.076t),t≥8)和指数模型(Y=3.090e~(-0.077t),t≥6);(5)随着饱食投喂频率的增大,子二代中华鲟稚鱼的胃、肠排空速度也逐渐递增,2、3和4次/d组胃排空率依次为0.077%/h、0.081%/h和0.225%/h,其肠排空率依次为0.056%/h、0.076%/h和0.077%/h。
The gastrointestinal evacuation data was fitted by the linear,exponential and square root models to evaluate the effects of satiation feeding frequency(2,3,4 times/day)on early growth and gastrointestinal evacuation characteristics of F_2 Chinese sturgeon(0.15±0.02)g.The results showed that the increase of satiation feeding frequency significantly reduced the feeding rate(FR)of the experimental fish.However.it had no significant impact on the weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR), condition factor(CF),hepatosomatic index(HSI)and viscerosomatic index(VSI).As the satiation feeding frequency of Acipenser sinensis increased,the variation coefficient of body length and weight reduced significantly.The satiation feeding frequency had no effect on the gastrointestinal evacuation characteristic of the juvenile F_2 Chinese sturgeon,but it had an effect on the selection of the optimal model for gastrointestinal evacuation.The optimal model of gastric emptying in 2,3 and 4 times/d group were the square root model(Y~(0.5)=2.253-0.077t),the square root model(Y~(0.5)=2.12-0.081t)and the exponential model(Y=5.001 e~(-0.225t)),respectively.The three models were not suitable for fitting all data of the intestinal evacuation process.They could fit the intestinal emptying data when t≥T(T was the time when the intestinal contents ratio reached the maximum value).The optimal model of intestinal emptying in 2,3 and 4 times/d group were the square root model(Y~(0.5)=1.904-0.056t,t≥10),the exponential model(Y=3.383 e~(-0.076t),t≥8)and the exponential model(Y=3.090 e~(-0.077t),t≥6),respectively.With the increasing of satiation frequency of feeding,the gastrointestinal emptying speed was gradually increased.The gastric emptying rate of 2,3 and 4 times/d group was 0.077%·h~(-1),0.081%·h~(-1) and 0.225%·h~(-1),respectively,while the intestinal emptying rate was 0.056%·h~(-1),0.076%·h~(-1) and 0.077%·h~(-1),respectively.
The gastrointestinal evacuation data was fitted by the linear,exponential and square root models to evaluate the effects of satiation feeding frequency(2,3,4 times/day)on early growth and gastrointestinal evacuation characteristics of F_2 Chinese sturgeon(0.15±0.02)g.The results showed that the increase of satiation feeding frequency significantly reduced the feeding rate(FR)of the experimental fish.However.it had no significant impact on the weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR), condition factor(CF),hepatosomatic index(HSI)and viscerosomatic index(VSI).As the satiation feeding frequency of Acipenser sinensis increased,the variation coefficient of body length and weight reduced significantly.The satiation feeding frequency had no effect on the gastrointestinal evacuation characteristic of the juvenile F_2 Chinese sturgeon,but it had an effect on the selection of the optimal model for gastrointestinal evacuation.The optimal model of gastric emptying in 2,3 and 4 times/d group were the square root model(Y~(0.5)=2.253-0.077t),the square root model(Y~(0.5)=2.12-0.081t)and the exponential model(Y=5.001 e~(-0.225t)),respectively.The three models were not suitable for fitting all data of the intestinal evacuation process.They could fit the intestinal emptying data when t≥T(T was the time when the intestinal contents ratio reached the maximum value).The optimal model of intestinal emptying in 2,3 and 4 times/d group were the square root model(Y~(0.5)=1.904-0.056t,t≥10),the exponential model(Y=3.383 e~(-0.076t),t≥8)and the exponential model(Y=3.090 e~(-0.077t),t≥6),respectively.With the increasing of satiation frequency of feeding,the gastrointestinal emptying speed was gradually increased.The gastric emptying rate of 2,3 and 4 times/d group was 0.077%·h~(-1),0.081%·h~(-1) and 0.225%·h~(-1),respectively,while the intestinal emptying rate was 0.056%·h~(-1),0.076%·h~(-1) and 0.077%·h~(-1),respectively.
引文
[1]傅朝君,刘宪亭,鲁大椿,等.葛洲坝下中华鲟的人工繁殖[J].淡水渔业,1985,15(1):1-5.
[2]郭柏福,常剑波,肖慧,等.中华鲟初次全人工繁殖的特性研究[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(6):940-945.
[3]柴毅,龚进玲,杜浩,等.中华鲟子一代配子质量及其子二代生长特征分析[J].水产学报,2014,38(3):350-355.
[4]肖衎,杜合军,赵珣,等.中华鲟野生群体及迁地群体的MHC I a 基因遗传多样性变异研究[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(2):306-313.
[5]杨瑞斌,谢从新,魏开建,等.不同投喂频率下黄颡鱼幼鱼的摄食节律研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(3):274-276.
[6]强俊,王辉,李瑞伟,等.饲喂频率对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长、体成分和消化酶活力的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(4):79-83.
[7]何利君,谢小军,艾庆辉.饲喂频率对南方鲇的摄食率、生长和饲料转化效率的影响[J].水生生物学报,2003,27(4):434-436.
[8]林艳,缪凌鸿,戈贤平,等.投喂频率对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、肌肉品质和血浆生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2749-2756.
[9]Benkwitt C E,Brodeur R D,Hurst T P,et al.Diel feeding chronology,gastric evacuation,and daily food consumption of juvenile chinook salmon in oregon coastal waters[J].T Am Fish Soc,2009,138(1):111-120.
[10]孙耀,刘勇,张波,等.渤、黄海4种小型鱼类摄食排空率的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(6):679-684.
[11]Jobling M.Mathernatical models of gastric emptying and the estimation of daily rates of food consumption for fish[J].J Fish Biol,1981,19(3):245-257.
[12]张波,孙耀,唐启升.鱼类的胃排空率及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):665-670.
[13]Hofer R,Forstner H,Rettenwander R.Duration of gut passage and its dependence on temperature and food consumption in roach,Rutilua rutilus(L.),laboratory and field experiments[J].J Fish Biol,1982,20(3):289-299.
[14]Gwyther D,Grove D J.Gastric emptying in Limanda limanda and the return of appetite[J].Fish Biol.,1981,18(3):245-259.
[15]Grove D J,Loizides L G,Nott J.Satiation amount,frequency of feeding and gastric emptying rate in Salmo girdneri[J].J Fish Biol,1978,12(5):507-516.
[16]Riche M,Haley D I,Oetker M,et al.Effect of feeding frequency on gastric evacuation and the return of appetite in tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(L.)[J].Aquaculture,2004,234(5):657-673.
[17]EI-Shamy F M.Analyses of gastric emptying in bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus)[J].Fish Res Board Can,1976,33(6):1630-1633.
[18]张涛,李伟杰,庄平,等.俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的胃排空特征及其数学模型[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(2):151-155.
[19] Cortez E.A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents:application to elasmobranch fishes[J].Can J Fish Aqust Sci,1997,54(3):726-738.
[20]孙晓锋,冯健,陈江虹,等.饱食投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼胃排空生长性能和体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(11):1677-1682.
[21]Wang N,Hayward R S,Noltie D B.Effect of feeding frequency on food consumption,growth,size variation,and feeding pattern of age-0 hybrid sunfish[J].Aquaculture,1998,165(3):261-267.
[22]覃志彪,赵海祥,赵华林,等.投饲频率对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)幼鱼胃排空、生长效益及体组成影响 [J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(4):506-511.
[23]冯健,李程琼,梁桂英,等.淡水养殖太平洋鲑鱼饥饿后补偿性生长效果研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(3):86-89.
[24]Jobling M,Baardvik B M.The influence of environmental manipulations on inter- and intra-individual variation in food acquisition and growth performance of Arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus[J].J Fish Biol,1994,44(6):1069-1087.
[25]郭浩宇,张秀梅,高天翔.人工隐蔽物及投喂频率对许氏平鲉幼鱼生长和行为的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(2):319-331.
[26]Booth M A,Tucker B J,Allan G L,et al.Effect of feeding regime and fish size on weight gain,feed intake and gastric evacuation in juvenile Australian snapper Pagrus auratus[J].Aquaculture,2008,282(1):104-110.
[27]Dwyer K S,Brown J A,Parrish C,et al.Feeding frequency affects food consumption,feeding pattern and growth of juvenile yellow tail flounder(Limanda ferruginea)[J].Aquaculture,2002,213(1):279-292.
[28]余方平,许文军,薛利建,等.美国红鱼的胃排空率[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(1):49-52.
[29]朱云海,王跃斌,胡则辉,等.日本黄姑鱼幼鱼的胃排空率[J].海洋渔业,2013,35(4):448-452.
[30]Rosch R.Effect of experimental conditions on the stomach evacuation of Coregonus lavaretus L[J].J Fish Biol,1987,30(5):521-532.
[31]董桂芳,杨严鸥,陈路,等.斑点叉尾鮰和杂交鲟幼鱼昼夜摄食节律和胃肠排空时间的研究[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(5):876-884,890.
[32]韩冬.长吻鮠投喂管理和污染评估动态模型的研究[D].武汉 :中国科学院水生生物研究所,2005 :1-199.
[33]刘勇,孙耀,张秀梅,等.温度对玉筋鱼摄食排空率的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(2):24-28.
[34]李秀明,袁建明,曾令清,等.有氧运动训练对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼肠道排空及其数学模型选择的影响[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(5):1012-1018.
[2]郭柏福,常剑波,肖慧,等.中华鲟初次全人工繁殖的特性研究[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(6):940-945.
[3]柴毅,龚进玲,杜浩,等.中华鲟子一代配子质量及其子二代生长特征分析[J].水产学报,2014,38(3):350-355.
[4]肖衎,杜合军,赵珣,等.中华鲟野生群体及迁地群体的MHC I a 基因遗传多样性变异研究[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(2):306-313.
[5]杨瑞斌,谢从新,魏开建,等.不同投喂频率下黄颡鱼幼鱼的摄食节律研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(3):274-276.
[6]强俊,王辉,李瑞伟,等.饲喂频率对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长、体成分和消化酶活力的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(4):79-83.
[7]何利君,谢小军,艾庆辉.饲喂频率对南方鲇的摄食率、生长和饲料转化效率的影响[J].水生生物学报,2003,27(4):434-436.
[8]林艳,缪凌鸿,戈贤平,等.投喂频率对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、肌肉品质和血浆生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2749-2756.
[9]Benkwitt C E,Brodeur R D,Hurst T P,et al.Diel feeding chronology,gastric evacuation,and daily food consumption of juvenile chinook salmon in oregon coastal waters[J].T Am Fish Soc,2009,138(1):111-120.
[10]孙耀,刘勇,张波,等.渤、黄海4种小型鱼类摄食排空率的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(6):679-684.
[11]Jobling M.Mathernatical models of gastric emptying and the estimation of daily rates of food consumption for fish[J].J Fish Biol,1981,19(3):245-257.
[12]张波,孙耀,唐启升.鱼类的胃排空率及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):665-670.
[13]Hofer R,Forstner H,Rettenwander R.Duration of gut passage and its dependence on temperature and food consumption in roach,Rutilua rutilus(L.),laboratory and field experiments[J].J Fish Biol,1982,20(3):289-299.
[14]Gwyther D,Grove D J.Gastric emptying in Limanda limanda and the return of appetite[J].Fish Biol.,1981,18(3):245-259.
[15]Grove D J,Loizides L G,Nott J.Satiation amount,frequency of feeding and gastric emptying rate in Salmo girdneri[J].J Fish Biol,1978,12(5):507-516.
[16]Riche M,Haley D I,Oetker M,et al.Effect of feeding frequency on gastric evacuation and the return of appetite in tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(L.)[J].Aquaculture,2004,234(5):657-673.
[17]EI-Shamy F M.Analyses of gastric emptying in bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus)[J].Fish Res Board Can,1976,33(6):1630-1633.
[18]张涛,李伟杰,庄平,等.俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的胃排空特征及其数学模型[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(2):151-155.
[19] Cortez E.A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents:application to elasmobranch fishes[J].Can J Fish Aqust Sci,1997,54(3):726-738.
[20]孙晓锋,冯健,陈江虹,等.饱食投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼胃排空生长性能和体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(11):1677-1682.
[21]Wang N,Hayward R S,Noltie D B.Effect of feeding frequency on food consumption,growth,size variation,and feeding pattern of age-0 hybrid sunfish[J].Aquaculture,1998,165(3):261-267.
[22]覃志彪,赵海祥,赵华林,等.投饲频率对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)幼鱼胃排空、生长效益及体组成影响 [J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(4):506-511.
[23]冯健,李程琼,梁桂英,等.淡水养殖太平洋鲑鱼饥饿后补偿性生长效果研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(3):86-89.
[24]Jobling M,Baardvik B M.The influence of environmental manipulations on inter- and intra-individual variation in food acquisition and growth performance of Arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus[J].J Fish Biol,1994,44(6):1069-1087.
[25]郭浩宇,张秀梅,高天翔.人工隐蔽物及投喂频率对许氏平鲉幼鱼生长和行为的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(2):319-331.
[26]Booth M A,Tucker B J,Allan G L,et al.Effect of feeding regime and fish size on weight gain,feed intake and gastric evacuation in juvenile Australian snapper Pagrus auratus[J].Aquaculture,2008,282(1):104-110.
[27]Dwyer K S,Brown J A,Parrish C,et al.Feeding frequency affects food consumption,feeding pattern and growth of juvenile yellow tail flounder(Limanda ferruginea)[J].Aquaculture,2002,213(1):279-292.
[28]余方平,许文军,薛利建,等.美国红鱼的胃排空率[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(1):49-52.
[29]朱云海,王跃斌,胡则辉,等.日本黄姑鱼幼鱼的胃排空率[J].海洋渔业,2013,35(4):448-452.
[30]Rosch R.Effect of experimental conditions on the stomach evacuation of Coregonus lavaretus L[J].J Fish Biol,1987,30(5):521-532.
[31]董桂芳,杨严鸥,陈路,等.斑点叉尾鮰和杂交鲟幼鱼昼夜摄食节律和胃肠排空时间的研究[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(5):876-884,890.
[32]韩冬.长吻鮠投喂管理和污染评估动态模型的研究[D].武汉 :中国科学院水生生物研究所,2005 :1-199.
[33]刘勇,孙耀,张秀梅,等.温度对玉筋鱼摄食排空率的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(2):24-28.
[34]李秀明,袁建明,曾令清,等.有氧运动训练对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼肠道排空及其数学模型选择的影响[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(5):1012-1018.