浅析地震采集仪器的选择
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摘要
地震仪器厂商为了迎合客户对地震仪器高分辨率的要求,将大动态范围(低噪声)作为地震仪器宣传的卖点,在价格和指标之间,选择一款满足生产需要的地震仪器成为用户高度关注的问题。本文通过介绍等效输入噪声(EIN)如何影响地震仪器动态范围和对比分析实际地震采集资料中环境噪声和检波器耦合噪声对采集地震资料的信噪比的影响,最终得出结论:仪器EIN虽然影响地震仪器的理论和实际动态范围,但是中深层反射波的吸收衰减和远高于EIN的环境噪声才是影响瞬时动态范围和地震资料信噪比的关键因素。目前市场上基于24位模数转换器(ADC)的采集仪器均能满足要求。本文的结论在用户选择合适的地震采集仪器方面具有很好的指导作用。
In order to meet the requirements for high resolution seismic instruments, seismic instrument manufacturers take large dynamic range(low noise) as the selling point of seismic instrument publicity, and choose a seismic instrument that meets the needs of production between price and characteristic index becomes a problem that users pay close attention to. In this paper, by introducing how the Equivalent Input Noise(EIN) influence seismic instrument dynamic range and contrast analysis of seismic acquisition data of environmental noise and the noise on geophone coupling of signal to noise ratio of seismic data acquisition, get the finally conclusion: although instrument EIN influence seismic instrument theory and the actual dynamic range, but the reflection and attenuation in the deep layer and environmental noise which is environmental noise EIN instantaneous dynamic range is the influence of and the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data of the key factors. At present, the acquisition instruments based on 24-bit AD Converter(ADC) can meet the requirements. The conclusion of this paper has a good guiding role in the selection of appropriate seismic acquisition instruments.
In order to meet the requirements for high resolution seismic instruments, seismic instrument manufacturers take large dynamic range(low noise) as the selling point of seismic instrument publicity, and choose a seismic instrument that meets the needs of production between price and characteristic index becomes a problem that users pay close attention to. In this paper, by introducing how the Equivalent Input Noise(EIN) influence seismic instrument dynamic range and contrast analysis of seismic acquisition data of environmental noise and the noise on geophone coupling of signal to noise ratio of seismic data acquisition, get the finally conclusion: although instrument EIN influence seismic instrument theory and the actual dynamic range, but the reflection and attenuation in the deep layer and environmental noise which is environmental noise EIN instantaneous dynamic range is the influence of and the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data of the key factors. At present, the acquisition instruments based on 24-bit AD Converter(ADC) can meet the requirements. The conclusion of this paper has a good guiding role in the selection of appropriate seismic acquisition instruments.
引文
[1]聂明涛.尼日尔A区块采集方法研究与应用[J].非常规油气,2017,4(1):30-36.
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[3]罗福龙.现代地震仪器采集因素及其对地震信号的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):314-319.
[4]王瑞贞,陈敬国,张朝华,等.基于地下盐穴储气库的高精度三维地震采集关键技术[J].非常规油气,2018,5(6):8-15.
[5]赵金龙,张林行,杜赫然,等.基于ADS1281的单通道无缆存储式地震仪的设计.地球物理学进展,2016,31(1):496-500.
[6]张文,周志才,于承业.一种改进的近地表强吸收补偿方法研究[J].石油物探,2017,56(2):210-215.
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[9]董文波.辽河油田青龙台地区高分辨率地震采集技术攻关[J].非常规油气,2017,4(2):25-31.
[10]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6):751-783.
[11]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:81-85.
[12]凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(l):1-8.
[13]王剑,毛哲巍,李涛,等.塔北油区地震采集干扰分析[J].非常规油气,2017,4(6):34-39.
[14]陈祖传.发展适应我国需要的新一代物探仪器[J].石油仪器,1997,11(5):3-10.
[15]钱绍湖,李套山,高洪强,等.地震仪器对高频信息可记录性的影响及其试验[J].石油物探,1996,35(1):38-51.
[16]周翼,陈学强,江民,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠区浅表层对地震波的吸收衰减作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):218-223.
[17]王文先.影响地震数据采集精度的因素探讨[J].煤炭技术,2010(1):235-236.
[18]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:130-161.
[2]袁子龙,李婷婷.地层吸收衰减与地震仪器记录性能[J].石油物探,2004,43(5):450-452.
[3]罗福龙.现代地震仪器采集因素及其对地震信号的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):314-319.
[4]王瑞贞,陈敬国,张朝华,等.基于地下盐穴储气库的高精度三维地震采集关键技术[J].非常规油气,2018,5(6):8-15.
[5]赵金龙,张林行,杜赫然,等.基于ADS1281的单通道无缆存储式地震仪的设计.地球物理学进展,2016,31(1):496-500.
[6]张文,周志才,于承业.一种改进的近地表强吸收补偿方法研究[J].石油物探,2017,56(2):210-215.
[7]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6):751-783.
[8]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:88-102.
[9]董文波.辽河油田青龙台地区高分辨率地震采集技术攻关[J].非常规油气,2017,4(2):25-31.
[10]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6):751-783.
[11]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:81-85.
[12]凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(l):1-8.
[13]王剑,毛哲巍,李涛,等.塔北油区地震采集干扰分析[J].非常规油气,2017,4(6):34-39.
[14]陈祖传.发展适应我国需要的新一代物探仪器[J].石油仪器,1997,11(5):3-10.
[15]钱绍湖,李套山,高洪强,等.地震仪器对高频信息可记录性的影响及其试验[J].石油物探,1996,35(1):38-51.
[16]周翼,陈学强,江民,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠区浅表层对地震波的吸收衰减作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):218-223.
[17]王文先.影响地震数据采集精度的因素探讨[J].煤炭技术,2010(1):235-236.
[18]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:130-161.