十二指肠灌注不同必需氨基酸溶液对生长育肥羔羊氮平衡及血浆尿素氮的影响
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摘要
试验旨在探究实际饲养条件下由十二指肠瘘管灌注不同必需氨基酸溶液对哈萨克羊羔羊氮平衡及血浆尿素氮(plasma urea nitrogen,PUN)的影响。选取5只体况良好、4月龄、体重为(29.40±1.76)kg的哈萨克羊公羔羊,安装永久性十二指肠近端瘘管,代谢笼内单笼饲养。采用5×5拉丁方设计,即不含氨基酸组(对照组)、包含8种必需氨基酸的全灌注组(8EAA)、剔除赖氨酸组(-Lys)、剔除精氨酸组(-Arg)及剔除蛋氨酸组(-Met),处理组采用随机过程进行分配,每期7d。结果显示,与对照组相比,8EAA组粪氮排出量差异不显著(P>0.05),而尿氮、氮表观消化率、氮沉积和PUN浓度都显著升高(P<0.05)。与8EAA相比,-Arg、-Met、-Lys组氮沉积均显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低30.62%、11.56%、12.99%,日增重分别下降13.89%、7.78%、6.58%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),PUN浓度也有升高的趋势。结果表明,实际育肥条件下Arg、Met、Lys对哈萨克育肥羔羊有限制性作用。
This study was aimed to explore the effects of duodenal infusions of essential amino acid(EAA)on nitrogen balance and plasma urea nitrogen(PUN)of growing-finishing lambs.Five Kazakh male lambs with(29.40±1.76)kg body weights and 4 months old were chosen,fitted with duodenal cannulae and raised in metabolic cage individually.The 5×5Latin square design was used in this experiment and 7dfor per period.The duodenal infusions in control group contained no EAA,that in 8EAA group contained 8kinds of EAA,while that in-Arg,-Lys andMet groups were contained 8kinds of EAA without Arg,Lys and Met,respectively.The results showed that the fecal N excretion in 8EAA group was no significant difference compared with control group(P>0.05),while the urinary N,N retention,N apparent digestibility and PUN concentration were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with 8EAA group,the N retention in-Arg,-Lys and-Met groups were significantly decreased by 30.62%,11.56%and 12.99%(P<0.05),and the daily gain were decreased by 13.89%,7.78% and 6.58%(P>0.05),respectively.PUN concentration was increased in response to the removement of Met,Arg and Lys.In conclusion,Arg,Met and Lys had restricted effect to Kazakh lamb in actual fattening conditions.
This study was aimed to explore the effects of duodenal infusions of essential amino acid(EAA)on nitrogen balance and plasma urea nitrogen(PUN)of growing-finishing lambs.Five Kazakh male lambs with(29.40±1.76)kg body weights and 4 months old were chosen,fitted with duodenal cannulae and raised in metabolic cage individually.The 5×5Latin square design was used in this experiment and 7dfor per period.The duodenal infusions in control group contained no EAA,that in 8EAA group contained 8kinds of EAA,while that in-Arg,-Lys andMet groups were contained 8kinds of EAA without Arg,Lys and Met,respectively.The results showed that the fecal N excretion in 8EAA group was no significant difference compared with control group(P>0.05),while the urinary N,N retention,N apparent digestibility and PUN concentration were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with 8EAA group,the N retention in-Arg,-Lys and-Met groups were significantly decreased by 30.62%,11.56%and 12.99%(P<0.05),and the daily gain were decreased by 13.89%,7.78% and 6.58%(P>0.05),respectively.PUN concentration was increased in response to the removement of Met,Arg and Lys.In conclusion,Arg,Met and Lys had restricted effect to Kazakh lamb in actual fattening conditions.
引文
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[2]Storm E,rskov E R.The limiting amino acids of microbial protein in growing sheep determined by a new approach[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1984,52:613-620.
[3]rskov E R,Grubb D A,Wenhamand G,et al.The sustenance of growing and fattening ruminants by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acid and protein[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1979,41(3):553-558.
[4]van E Nolte J,L9est C A,Ferreira A V,et al.Limiting amino acids for growing lambs fed a diet low in ruminally undegradable protein[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(10):2627-2641.
[5]王洪荣,卢德勋.饲喂玉米型日粮的生长绵羊限制性氨基酸研究[J].动物营养学报,1999,11(4):17-28.
[6]陈傲东,尹华,牛露,等.不同粗蛋白质水平日粮对育肥羊小肠养分吸收率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(8):1998-2004.
[7]牛露,尹华,郑猛,等.饲粮不同粗蛋白质水平对育肥羔羊小肠氨基酸流量及吸收率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1241-1249.
[8]NRC.Nutrient Requirements of Sheep[M].Washington D C:National Academies Press,1985.
[9]Greenwood R H,Titgemeyer E C.Limiting amino acids for growing Holstein steers limit-fed soybean hull-based diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(7):1997-2004.
[10]MacRae J C,Walker A,Brown D,et al.Accretion of total protein and individual amino acids by organs and tissues of growing lambs and the ability of nitrogen balance techniques to quantitate protein retention[J].Animal Production,1993,57:237-245.
[11]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1999.
[12]翟少伟.二乙酰一肟法测定乳尿素氮的研究[J].湖北农业科学,2010,3:686-687.
[13]D’Mello J P F.Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition[M].UK Wallingford:CAB International,2003.
[14]Schwab C G.Rumen-protected amino acids for dairy cattle:Progress towards determining lysine and methionine requirements[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,1996,59(1-3):87-101.
[15]Nimrick K,Hatfield E E,Kaminski J,et al.Quantitative assessment of supplemental amino acid needs for growing lambs fed urea as the sole nitrogen source[J].Journal of Nutrition,1970,100(11):1293-1300.
[16]Schelling G T,Chandler J E,Scott G C.Postruminal supplemental methionine infusion to sheep fed high quality diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,1973,37(4):1034-1039.
[17]Sherlock R G,Harris P M,Lee J,et al.Intake and long-term cysteine supplementation change wool characteristics of Romney sheep[J].Crop&Pasture Science,2000,52(1):29-36.
[18]Hynd P I,Nancarrow M J.Inhibition of polyamine synthesis alters hair follicle function and fiber composition[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,1996,106(2):249-253.
[19]Der F A H V,L9est C A,Hj V D M.Amino acid requirements of South African Mutton Merino lambs 3.Duodenal and whole empty body essential amino acid profile[J].South African Journal of Animal Science,1999,29(1):40-47.
[20]Davenport G M,Boling J A,Schillo K K.Nitrogen metabolism and somatotropin secretion in beef heifers receiving abomasal arginine infusions[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(6):1683-1692.
[21]Edmonds M S,Baker D H.Failure of excess dietary lysine to antagonize arginine in young pigs[J].Journal of Nutrition,1987,117(8):1396-1401.
[22]甄玉国.内蒙古白绒山羊氛基酸利用蛋白质周转规律的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2002.
[23]Davis S R,Barry T N,Hughson G A.Protein synthesis in tissues of growing lambs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1981,46(3):409-519.
[24]董晓玲,王洪荣,卢德勋.内蒙古白绒山羊的限制性氨基酸研究[J].动物营养学报,2006,18(1):26-31.
[2]Storm E,rskov E R.The limiting amino acids of microbial protein in growing sheep determined by a new approach[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1984,52:613-620.
[3]rskov E R,Grubb D A,Wenhamand G,et al.The sustenance of growing and fattening ruminants by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acid and protein[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1979,41(3):553-558.
[4]van E Nolte J,L9est C A,Ferreira A V,et al.Limiting amino acids for growing lambs fed a diet low in ruminally undegradable protein[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(10):2627-2641.
[5]王洪荣,卢德勋.饲喂玉米型日粮的生长绵羊限制性氨基酸研究[J].动物营养学报,1999,11(4):17-28.
[6]陈傲东,尹华,牛露,等.不同粗蛋白质水平日粮对育肥羊小肠养分吸收率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(8):1998-2004.
[7]牛露,尹华,郑猛,等.饲粮不同粗蛋白质水平对育肥羔羊小肠氨基酸流量及吸收率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1241-1249.
[8]NRC.Nutrient Requirements of Sheep[M].Washington D C:National Academies Press,1985.
[9]Greenwood R H,Titgemeyer E C.Limiting amino acids for growing Holstein steers limit-fed soybean hull-based diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(7):1997-2004.
[10]MacRae J C,Walker A,Brown D,et al.Accretion of total protein and individual amino acids by organs and tissues of growing lambs and the ability of nitrogen balance techniques to quantitate protein retention[J].Animal Production,1993,57:237-245.
[11]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1999.
[12]翟少伟.二乙酰一肟法测定乳尿素氮的研究[J].湖北农业科学,2010,3:686-687.
[13]D’Mello J P F.Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition[M].UK Wallingford:CAB International,2003.
[14]Schwab C G.Rumen-protected amino acids for dairy cattle:Progress towards determining lysine and methionine requirements[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,1996,59(1-3):87-101.
[15]Nimrick K,Hatfield E E,Kaminski J,et al.Quantitative assessment of supplemental amino acid needs for growing lambs fed urea as the sole nitrogen source[J].Journal of Nutrition,1970,100(11):1293-1300.
[16]Schelling G T,Chandler J E,Scott G C.Postruminal supplemental methionine infusion to sheep fed high quality diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,1973,37(4):1034-1039.
[17]Sherlock R G,Harris P M,Lee J,et al.Intake and long-term cysteine supplementation change wool characteristics of Romney sheep[J].Crop&Pasture Science,2000,52(1):29-36.
[18]Hynd P I,Nancarrow M J.Inhibition of polyamine synthesis alters hair follicle function and fiber composition[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,1996,106(2):249-253.
[19]Der F A H V,L9est C A,Hj V D M.Amino acid requirements of South African Mutton Merino lambs 3.Duodenal and whole empty body essential amino acid profile[J].South African Journal of Animal Science,1999,29(1):40-47.
[20]Davenport G M,Boling J A,Schillo K K.Nitrogen metabolism and somatotropin secretion in beef heifers receiving abomasal arginine infusions[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(6):1683-1692.
[21]Edmonds M S,Baker D H.Failure of excess dietary lysine to antagonize arginine in young pigs[J].Journal of Nutrition,1987,117(8):1396-1401.
[22]甄玉国.内蒙古白绒山羊氛基酸利用蛋白质周转规律的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2002.
[23]Davis S R,Barry T N,Hughson G A.Protein synthesis in tissues of growing lambs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1981,46(3):409-519.
[24]董晓玲,王洪荣,卢德勋.内蒙古白绒山羊的限制性氨基酸研究[J].动物营养学报,2006,18(1):26-31.