饲喂模式对猪生长性能、养分消化率和肠道微生物组成的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在探究不同饲喂模式对猪生长性能、养分消化率和肠道微生物组成的影响。选择120头平均初始体重(26.0±0.4)kg的生长猪(公、母各半),按体重和性别随机分为自由采食组(FA)和限制饲喂频率组(每天饲喂3次,M3),每个处理10个重复,每个重复6头猪,试验期共28 d。结果表明:M3组平均日采食量和耗料增重比均显著低于FA组(P<0.05);饲喂模式的改变对养分表观全肠道消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);M3组血浆尿素氮和游离脂肪酸水平显著低于FA组(P<0.05),而胰岛素水平显著高于FA组(P<0.05);饲喂模式对猪粪便微生物组成有一定影响,在门水平上,M3组拟杆菌门丰度显著低于FA组(P<0.05),柔膜菌门和疣微菌门丰度显著高于FA组(P<0.05);在属水平上,M3组Prevotellaceae_UCG-003、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010、Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group和Coprostanoligenes_group的丰度显著高于FA组(P <0.05),而Selenomonas、Roseburia、Prevotella_2、Prevotella_7、Prevotella_9、Anaerovibrio和Alloprevotella的丰度显著低于FA组(P<0.05)。综上,饲喂模式对生长猪养分消化率无显著影响,限制饲喂频率可改变肠道微生物组成并改善生长猪饲料报酬。
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding pattern(pigs were fed either ad libitum or 3 meals per day) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota composition in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs(initial BW 26.0±0.4 kg) were assigned into two groups in which pigs were fed ad libitum(FA) or three meals per day(M3) according to the BW and gender of pigs. There were ten replicates in each treatment group with 6 pigs per replicate. This experiment lasted 28 days. The results showed that the average daily feed intake and feed gain ratio in M3 group were lower than that in FA group(P<0.05). No significant difference was observed for apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of nutrient between treatments(P>0.05). Pigs fed with 3 meals per day exhibited lower plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and urea nitrogen(P<0.05), but higher concentration of insulin compared to pigs fed ad libitum(P<0.01). At the phylum level, relative abundance of bacteroidetes of pigs in M3 groups was lower than that in FA groups(P<0.05). However, the relative abundance of tenericutes and verrucomicrobia in FA groups were greater than that in M3 groups(P< 0.05). At the genus level, the pigs fed with 3 meals per day exhibited greater relative abundances of Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Coprostanoligenes_group proportion than pigs fed ad libitum(P<0.05). The fed ad libitum pigs exhibited greater relative abundances of Selenomonas Roseburia Prevotella_2 Prevotella_7 Prevotella_9 Alloprevotella and Alloprevotella compared with the pigs fed with 3 meals per day(P<0.05). In summary, feeding frequency had no effect on nutrient digestibility, but less frequent feeding altered gut microbiota composition and improved feed efficiency in growing pigs.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding pattern(pigs were fed either ad libitum or 3 meals per day) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota composition in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs(initial BW 26.0±0.4 kg) were assigned into two groups in which pigs were fed ad libitum(FA) or three meals per day(M3) according to the BW and gender of pigs. There were ten replicates in each treatment group with 6 pigs per replicate. This experiment lasted 28 days. The results showed that the average daily feed intake and feed gain ratio in M3 group were lower than that in FA group(P<0.05). No significant difference was observed for apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of nutrient between treatments(P>0.05). Pigs fed with 3 meals per day exhibited lower plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and urea nitrogen(P<0.05), but higher concentration of insulin compared to pigs fed ad libitum(P<0.01). At the phylum level, relative abundance of bacteroidetes of pigs in M3 groups was lower than that in FA groups(P<0.05). However, the relative abundance of tenericutes and verrucomicrobia in FA groups were greater than that in M3 groups(P< 0.05). At the genus level, the pigs fed with 3 meals per day exhibited greater relative abundances of Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Coprostanoligenes_group proportion than pigs fed ad libitum(P<0.05). The fed ad libitum pigs exhibited greater relative abundances of Selenomonas Roseburia Prevotella_2 Prevotella_7 Prevotella_9 Alloprevotella and Alloprevotella compared with the pigs fed with 3 meals per day(P<0.05). In summary, feeding frequency had no effect on nutrient digestibility, but less frequent feeding altered gut microbiota composition and improved feed efficiency in growing pigs.
引文
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[29]Zhylkibayev A,Akishev Z,Khassenov B,et al.Obtaining and characterization of a recombinant LipL32 protein for detection of leptospirosis[J].Trop Biomed,2018,35(1):280-287.
[20]Ramayo-Caldas Y,Mach N,Lepage P,et al.Phylogenetic network analysis applied to pig gut microbiota identifies an ecosystem structure linked with growth traits[J].ISME J,2016,10(12):2973.
[21]Kovatcheva-Datchary P,Nilsson A,Akrami R,et al.Dietary f ib e r-i nd u c e d i mp r ove me nt i n g lu c o s e me t a b ol i s m i s associated with increased abundance of Prevotella[J].Cell Metab,2015,22(6):971-982.
[2]Chastanet F,Pahm A A,Pedersen C,et al.Effect of feeding schedule on apparent energy and amino acid digestibility by growing pigs[J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2007,132:94-102.
[3]Hill J O,Anderson J C,Lin D,et al.Effects of meal frequency on energy utilization in rats[J].Am J Physiol,1988,255:616-621.
[4]Ruckebusch Y,Bueno L.Effect of feeding on motility of stomach and small-intestine in pig[J].Br J Nutr,1976,35:397-405.
[5]Hee J,Sauer W C,Mosenthin R.The effect of frequency of feeding on the pancreatic secretions in the pig[J].J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr,1988,60:249-259.
[6]de Haer L C M,de Vries A G.Effects of genotype and sex on the feed intake pattern of group housed growing pigs[J].Livest Prod Sci,1993,36:223-232.
[7]Schneider J D,Tokach M D,Dritz S S,et al.The effects of feeding schedule on body condition,aggressiveness,and reproductive failure in group housed sows[J].J Anim Sci,2007,85:3462-3469.
[8]Schneider J D,Tokach M D,Goodband R D,et al.Effects of restricted feed intake on finishing pigs weighing between 68and 114 kilograms fed twice or 6 times daily[J].J Anim Sci,2011,89:3326-3333.
[9]Friend D W,Cunningham H.Effects of feeding frequency on metabolism,rate and efficiency of gain and on carcass quality of pigs[J].J Nutr,1964,83:251-256.
[10]Liu J B,Cai X,Xiong H,et al.Effects of feeding frequency on meat quality traits and Longissimus muscle proteome in finishing pigs[J].J Anim Nimphysiol An N,2017,101:1175-1184.
[11]Allee G L,Romsos D R,Leveille G A,et al.Metabolic adaptation induced by meal-eating in the pig[J].J Nutr,1972,102(9):1115-1122.
[12]曹山川,朱思源,吕钱义,等.饲喂模式对生长育肥猪胴体品质和脂质代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(1):120-124.
[13]刘静,曹山川,陈冠希,等.饲喂频率对生长猪饲粮养分消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(2):99-103.
[14]Amir Z,Amandine C,Shibu Y,et al.Diet and feeding pattern affect the diurnal dynamics of the gut microbiome[J].Cell Metab,2014,20(6):1006-1017.
[15]Newman R E,Downing J A,Thomson P C,et al.Insulin secretion,body composition and pig performance are altered by feeding pattern[J].AnimProd Sci,2014,54(3):319-328.
[16]Stanley D,Denman S E,Hughes R J,et al.Intestinal microbiota associated with differential feed conversion efficiency in chickens[J].Appl Microbiol Biot,2012,96(5):1361-1369.
[17]McCormack U M,Curi?o T,Buzoianu S G,et al.Exploring a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and feed efficiency in pigs[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2017,83(15):e00380-17.
[18]Phillip R Myer,James E Wells,Timothy P L Smith.Microbial community profiles of the colon from steers differing in feed efficiency[J].Springer Plus,2015,54:454.
[29]Zhylkibayev A,Akishev Z,Khassenov B,et al.Obtaining and characterization of a recombinant LipL32 protein for detection of leptospirosis[J].Trop Biomed,2018,35(1):280-287.
[20]Ramayo-Caldas Y,Mach N,Lepage P,et al.Phylogenetic network analysis applied to pig gut microbiota identifies an ecosystem structure linked with growth traits[J].ISME J,2016,10(12):2973.
[21]Kovatcheva-Datchary P,Nilsson A,Akrami R,et al.Dietary f ib e r-i nd u c e d i mp r ove me nt i n g lu c o s e me t a b ol i s m i s associated with increased abundance of Prevotella[J].Cell Metab,2015,22(6):971-982.