产蛋鸡低蛋白质饲粮中标准回肠可消化总含硫氨基酸与赖氨酸比例研究
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摘要
本试验旨在研究在标准回肠可消化氨基酸(SID AA)模式下,产蛋鸡低蛋白质饲粮中总含硫氨基酸(TSAA)与赖氨酸(Lys)的适宜比例。选取整齐度为92%、30周龄京红蛋鸡540只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。试验采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮,对照组为正常蛋白质组(16.5%粗蛋白质),TSAA/Lys为91%;试验组为低蛋白质组(13.5%粗蛋白质),TSAA/Lys分别为85%、88%、91%、94%和97%(饲粮中Lys含量固定,蛋氨酸添加量不同)。试验预试期1周,正试期10周。结果表明:1)在SID AA模式下,低蛋白质组各期平均日采食量、产蛋率、平均日产蛋量和平均蛋重均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),全期产蛋率随TSAA/Lys升高呈先升高再降低的二次曲线变化(P<0.05),TSAA/Lys为91%时产蛋率最高。除蛋黄颜色低蛋白质组较对照组显著加深(P<0.05)外,其他蛋品质和蛋组分各指标2组之间均未见显著差异(P>0.05);随TSAA/Lys升高,低蛋白质组哈氏单位呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,低蛋白质组蛋鸡血浆尿酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),血浆尿素氮含量有降低的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);低蛋白质组TSAA/Lys为88%～94%时产蛋鸡血浆总蛋白含量较高,且血浆尿酸和尿素氮含量处于较低水平。2)通过分别对产蛋率、料蛋比和平均日产蛋量拟合二次曲线,得出TSAA/Lys分别为90.15%、91.61%和90.31%时对应指标最佳,平均值为90.69%。综上,推荐低蛋白质SID AA模式下30～40周龄京红蛋鸡饲粮TSAA/Lys为90.69%。
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the optimal total sulfur containing amino acid(TSAA) to lysine(Lys) ratio(TSAA/Lys) for laying hens fed low protein diets under standard ileal digestible amino acid(SID AA) pattern.Five hundred and forty Jinghong laying hens aged 30 weeks with 92% uniformity were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates containing 15 hens each.The corn-soybean meal was used in the experiment and the crude protein level was 16.5% as a common level in the control group with 91% TSAA/Lys,while the crude protein level(constant Lys content and increasing level of methionine) was 13.5% as a low level in the experimental groups with 85%,88%,91%,94% and 97% TSAA/Lys,respectively.The experiment lasted for 10 weeks after 1 week adaption.The result showed as follows:1) under the SID AA pattern,average daily feed intake,egg production,average daily egg mass and average egg weight in the low protein group were significantly lower than those in the control group in each stage(P<0.05).The egg production was significantly increased with the TSAA/Lys increasing in the whole stage(P<0.05),which was the highest when the TSAA/Lys was 91%.The indices of egg quality and egg composition had no significant differences between the control group and the low protein group(P>0.05),but the yolk color in the low protein group was significantly deepened compared with the control group(P<0.05).The Haugh unit in the low protein group showed quadratic curve changes with the TSAA/Lys increasing(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the plasma uric acid content of hens in the low protein group was significantly lower(P <0.05),and the plasma urea nitrogen content of hens in the low protein group tended to be lower(0.05≤P<0.10).Higher plasma total protein content and lower contents of plasma uric acid and uric nitrogen were observed in the chickens fed diets with TSAA/Lys at 88% to 94% in the low protein group.2) According to quadratic curve estimation based on egg production,the ratio of feed to egg and average daily egg mass,the optimal TSAA/Lys allowance for laying hens was 90.15%,91.61% and 90.31%,respectively,which could be averaged to 90.69%.In conclusion,under the SID AA pattern,the optimal TSAA/Lys allowance for Jinghong laying hens of 30 to 40 weeks of age is 90.69% in the low protein diet.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the optimal total sulfur containing amino acid(TSAA) to lysine(Lys) ratio(TSAA/Lys) for laying hens fed low protein diets under standard ileal digestible amino acid(SID AA) pattern.Five hundred and forty Jinghong laying hens aged 30 weeks with 92% uniformity were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates containing 15 hens each.The corn-soybean meal was used in the experiment and the crude protein level was 16.5% as a common level in the control group with 91% TSAA/Lys,while the crude protein level(constant Lys content and increasing level of methionine) was 13.5% as a low level in the experimental groups with 85%,88%,91%,94% and 97% TSAA/Lys,respectively.The experiment lasted for 10 weeks after 1 week adaption.The result showed as follows:1) under the SID AA pattern,average daily feed intake,egg production,average daily egg mass and average egg weight in the low protein group were significantly lower than those in the control group in each stage(P<0.05).The egg production was significantly increased with the TSAA/Lys increasing in the whole stage(P<0.05),which was the highest when the TSAA/Lys was 91%.The indices of egg quality and egg composition had no significant differences between the control group and the low protein group(P>0.05),but the yolk color in the low protein group was significantly deepened compared with the control group(P<0.05).The Haugh unit in the low protein group showed quadratic curve changes with the TSAA/Lys increasing(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the plasma uric acid content of hens in the low protein group was significantly lower(P <0.05),and the plasma urea nitrogen content of hens in the low protein group tended to be lower(0.05≤P<0.10).Higher plasma total protein content and lower contents of plasma uric acid and uric nitrogen were observed in the chickens fed diets with TSAA/Lys at 88% to 94% in the low protein group.2) According to quadratic curve estimation based on egg production,the ratio of feed to egg and average daily egg mass,the optimal TSAA/Lys allowance for laying hens was 90.15%,91.61% and 90.31%,respectively,which could be averaged to 90.69%.In conclusion,under the SID AA pattern,the optimal TSAA/Lys allowance for Jinghong laying hens of 30 to 40 weeks of age is 90.69% in the low protein diet.
引文
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[3]CHUNG T K,BAKER D H.Ideal amino acid pattern for 10-kilogram pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(10):3102-3111.
[4]NOVAK C,YAKOUT H M,SCHEIDELER S E.The effect of dietary protein level and total sulfur amino acid:lysine ratio on egg production parameters and egg yield in Hy-Line W-98 hens[J].Poultry Science,2006,85(12):2195-2206.
[5]PARR J F,SUMMERS J D.The effect of minimizing amino acid excesses in broiler diets[J].Poultry Science,1991,70(7):1540-1549.
[6]MORAN E T,Jr,STILBORN H L.Effect of glutamic acid on broilers given submarginal crude protein with adequate essential amino acids using feeds high and lowin potassium[J].Poultry Science,1996,75(1):120-129.
[7]SUMMERS J D,ATKINSON J L,SPRATT D.Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1991,71(1):211-220.
[8]BUNCHASAK C,SILAPASORN T.Effects of adding methionine in low-protein diet on production performance,reproductive organs and chemical liver composition of laying hens under tropical conditions[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2005,4(5):301-308.
[9]ROBERTS S A,XIN H,KERR B J,et al.Effects of dietary fiber and reduced crude protein on nitrogen balance and egg production in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(8):1716-1725.
[10]李超.利用净能拟合日粮对热应激蛋鸡生产性能的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[11]王子强.利用低蛋白净能拟合日粮对蛋鸡生产性能的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[12]付胜勇.标准回肠可消化氨基酸模式下日粮能量与蛋白质水平对产蛋鸡的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[13]任冰.理想氨基酸模式下低蛋白日粮对产蛋鸡生产性能及氨氮排放的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
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[15]NOVAK C,YAKOUT H,SCHEIDELER S.The combined effects of dietary lysine and total sulfur amino acid level on egg production parameters and egg components in Dekalb Delta laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(6):977-984.
[16]高俊,董延,张英慧.肉鸡营养中标准回肠可消化氨基酸[J].饲料与畜牧(新饲料),2014(3):62-66.
[16]LEESON S,CASTON L J.Response of laying hens to diets varying in crude protein or available phosphorus[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,1996,5(3):289-296.
[17]李忠荣,陈婉如,叶鼎承,等.低粗蛋白质补充氨基酸饲粮对白羽半番鸭屠宰性能和胸肌成分的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(6):1672-1680.
[18]JI F,FU S Y,REN B,et al.Evaluation of amino-acid supplemented diets varying in protein levels for laying hens[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2014,23(3):384-381.
[19]SUMMERS J D.Reducing nitrogen excretion of the laying hen by feeding lower crude protein diets[J].Poultry Science,1993,72(8):1473-1478.
[20]段晓翔.低蛋白日粮蛋氨酸水平对肉鸡氮代谢及肌肉生长相关基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长春:吉林大学,2015.
[21]DA爦KIRAN M,NOL A G,CENGIZ,et al.Effects of dietary methionine levels and L-carnitine supplementation on performance and egg quality parameters of layers[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences,2009,18(4):650-661.
[22]贾友刚.蛋氨酸对蛋鸡低温下产蛋性能及诱导换羽后产蛋恢复的影响[D].硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳大学,2011.
[23]GUNAWARDANA P,ROLAND D A,Sr,BRYANT MM.Effect of dietary energy,protein,and a versatile enzyme on hen performance,egg solids,egg composition,and egg quality of Hy-Line W-36 hens during second cycle,phase two[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2009,18(1):43-53.
[24]饶巍.低蛋白日粮添加色氨酸对蛋鸡生产性能与蛋品质的影响及其机理探讨[D].硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[25]GOMEZ S,ANGELES M.Effect of threonine and methionine levels in the diet of laying hens in the second cycle of production[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2009,18(3):452-457.
[26]SAFAA H M,SERRANO MP,VALENCIA D G,et al.Effects of the levels of methionine,linoleic acid,and added fat in the diet on productive performance and egg quality of brow n laying hens in the late phase of production[J].Poultry Science,2008,87(8):1595-1602.
[27]NOVAK C,YAKOUT H,SCHEIDELER S.The combined effects of dietary lysine and total sulfur amino acid level on egg production parameters and egg components in Dekalb Delta laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(6):977-984.
[2]KERR B J,MCKEITH F K,EASTER R A.Effect on performance and carcass characteristics of nursery to finisher pigs fed reduced crude protein,amino acidsupplemented diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(2):433-440.
[3]CHUNG T K,BAKER D H.Ideal amino acid pattern for 10-kilogram pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(10):3102-3111.
[4]NOVAK C,YAKOUT H M,SCHEIDELER S E.The effect of dietary protein level and total sulfur amino acid:lysine ratio on egg production parameters and egg yield in Hy-Line W-98 hens[J].Poultry Science,2006,85(12):2195-2206.
[5]PARR J F,SUMMERS J D.The effect of minimizing amino acid excesses in broiler diets[J].Poultry Science,1991,70(7):1540-1549.
[6]MORAN E T,Jr,STILBORN H L.Effect of glutamic acid on broilers given submarginal crude protein with adequate essential amino acids using feeds high and lowin potassium[J].Poultry Science,1996,75(1):120-129.
[7]SUMMERS J D,ATKINSON J L,SPRATT D.Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1991,71(1):211-220.
[8]BUNCHASAK C,SILAPASORN T.Effects of adding methionine in low-protein diet on production performance,reproductive organs and chemical liver composition of laying hens under tropical conditions[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2005,4(5):301-308.
[9]ROBERTS S A,XIN H,KERR B J,et al.Effects of dietary fiber and reduced crude protein on nitrogen balance and egg production in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(8):1716-1725.
[10]李超.利用净能拟合日粮对热应激蛋鸡生产性能的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[11]王子强.利用低蛋白净能拟合日粮对蛋鸡生产性能的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[12]付胜勇.标准回肠可消化氨基酸模式下日粮能量与蛋白质水平对产蛋鸡的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[13]任冰.理想氨基酸模式下低蛋白日粮对产蛋鸡生产性能及氨氮排放的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[14]TORKI M,MOHEBBIFAR A,GHASEMI H A,et al.Response of laying hens to feeding low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets under high ambient temperature:performance,egg quality,leukocyte profile,blood lipids,and excreta pH[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2015,59(5):575-584.
[15]NOVAK C,YAKOUT H,SCHEIDELER S.The combined effects of dietary lysine and total sulfur amino acid level on egg production parameters and egg components in Dekalb Delta laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(6):977-984.
[16]高俊,董延,张英慧.肉鸡营养中标准回肠可消化氨基酸[J].饲料与畜牧(新饲料),2014(3):62-66.
[16]LEESON S,CASTON L J.Response of laying hens to diets varying in crude protein or available phosphorus[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,1996,5(3):289-296.
[17]李忠荣,陈婉如,叶鼎承,等.低粗蛋白质补充氨基酸饲粮对白羽半番鸭屠宰性能和胸肌成分的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(6):1672-1680.
[18]JI F,FU S Y,REN B,et al.Evaluation of amino-acid supplemented diets varying in protein levels for laying hens[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2014,23(3):384-381.
[19]SUMMERS J D.Reducing nitrogen excretion of the laying hen by feeding lower crude protein diets[J].Poultry Science,1993,72(8):1473-1478.
[20]段晓翔.低蛋白日粮蛋氨酸水平对肉鸡氮代谢及肌肉生长相关基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长春:吉林大学,2015.
[21]DA爦KIRAN M,NOL A G,CENGIZ,et al.Effects of dietary methionine levels and L-carnitine supplementation on performance and egg quality parameters of layers[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences,2009,18(4):650-661.
[22]贾友刚.蛋氨酸对蛋鸡低温下产蛋性能及诱导换羽后产蛋恢复的影响[D].硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳大学,2011.
[23]GUNAWARDANA P,ROLAND D A,Sr,BRYANT MM.Effect of dietary energy,protein,and a versatile enzyme on hen performance,egg solids,egg composition,and egg quality of Hy-Line W-36 hens during second cycle,phase two[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2009,18(1):43-53.
[24]饶巍.低蛋白日粮添加色氨酸对蛋鸡生产性能与蛋品质的影响及其机理探讨[D].硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[25]GOMEZ S,ANGELES M.Effect of threonine and methionine levels in the diet of laying hens in the second cycle of production[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2009,18(3):452-457.
[26]SAFAA H M,SERRANO MP,VALENCIA D G,et al.Effects of the levels of methionine,linoleic acid,and added fat in the diet on productive performance and egg quality of brow n laying hens in the late phase of production[J].Poultry Science,2008,87(8):1595-1602.
[27]NOVAK C,YAKOUT H,SCHEIDELER S.The combined effects of dietary lysine and total sulfur amino acid level on egg production parameters and egg components in Dekalb Delta laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(6):977-984.