谷氨酰胺和低聚异麦芽糖及其互作效应对断奶仔猪血清免疫指标及抗氧化能力的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究谷氨酰胺(Gln)和低聚异麦芽糖(IMO)及其互作效应对断奶仔猪血清免疫指标及抗氧化能力的影响。试验采用2因素3水平析因设计,选取81头28日龄断奶、体重[(7.54±0.62) kg]相近的健康"杜×长×大"三元断奶仔猪,随机分为9个组,分别为对照组(Gln和IMO添加水平均为0 g/kg)、Ⅰ组(Gln和IMO添加水平分别为0、6 g/kg)、Ⅱ组(Gln和IMO添加水平分别为0、10 g/kg)、Ⅲ组(Gln和IMO添加水平分别为10、0 g/kg)、Ⅳ组(Gln和IMO添加水平分别为10、6 g/kg)、Ⅴ组(Gln和IMO添加水平分别为10、10 g/kg)、Ⅵ组(Gln和IMO添加水平分别为15、0 g/kg)、Ⅶ组(Gln和IMO添加水平分别为15、6 g/kg)和Ⅷ组(Gln和IMO添加水平分别为15、10 g/kg),每组3个重复,每个重复3头猪。预试期7 d,正试期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加15 g/kg Gln显著提高断奶仔猪的血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量(P<0.05),对血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮添加IMO对血清IgA、IgG和IgM含量无显著影响(P>0.05); Gln和IMO的互作效应对血清IgM含量有显著影响(P<0.05),尤以Ⅳ组和Ⅶ组效果较好。2)饲粮添加Gln显著降低断奶仔猪的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),对血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮添加6 g/kg IMO显著降低血清MDA含量(P<0.05),对血清SOD活性及T-AOC无显著影响(P>0.05); Gln和IMO的互作效应对血清MDA含量有显著影响(P<0.05),对血清SOD活性有提高趋势;综合来看,尤以Ⅷ组效果最好。以上结果提示,饲粮添加15 g/kg Gln和6 g/kg IMO可较好地改善断奶仔猪的免疫功能和抗氧化能力。
This research was performed to observe the effects of glutamine(Gln),Isomaltooligosaccharide(IMO) and their interaction on serum immune indexes and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets.Eighty-one healthy"Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire"crossbred piglets weaned at 28 days of age with similar body weight of(7.54±0.62) kg was randomly distributed into 9 groups with 3 replicates per group and 3 piglets per replicate by factorial design with two factors and three levels.Piglets were fed the diets supplemented with 0 g/kg both Gln and IMO(control group),0 g/kg Gln and 6 g/kg IMO(groupⅠ),0 g/kg Gln and 10 g/kg IMO(groupⅡ),10 g/kg Gln and 0 g/kg IMO(group Ⅲ),10 g/kg Gln and 6 g/kg IMO(group Ⅳ),10 g/kg Gln and 10 g/kg IMO(group Ⅴ),15 g/kg Gln and 0 g/kg IMO(group Ⅵ),15 g/kg Gln and 6 g/kg IMO(group Ⅶ),15 g/kg Gln and 10 g/kg IMO(group Ⅷ),respectively.The pretest lasted for 7 days,and the experiment lasted for 21 days.The results showed as follows:1) diets supplemented with 15 g/kg Gln significantly increased the content of immunoglobulin M(IgM) in serum of weaned piglets(P<0.05),and had no significant effects on the contents of immunoglobulin A(IgA) and immunoglobulin G(IgG) in serum(P>0.05).Diets supplemented with IMO had no significant effects on the contents of IgA,IgG and IgM in serum(P>0.05).The interaction of Gln and IMO had significant effect on the content of IgM in serum(P<0.05),especially in groups Ⅳ and Ⅶ.2) Diets supplemented with Gln significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum of weaned piglets(P<0.05),and had no significant effects on the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in serum(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,diet supplemented with 6 g/kg IMO significantly decreased the content of MDA in serum(P<0.05),and had no significant effects on the activity of SOD and T-AOC in serum(P>0.05).The interaction of Gln and IMO had significant effect on the content of MDA in serum(P<0.05),and had an increasing tendency for the activity of SOD in serum.Taken together,the effect of group Ⅷ was the best.It is concluded that diets supplement with 15 g/kg Gln and 6 g/kg IMO can improve immune function and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets.
This research was performed to observe the effects of glutamine(Gln),Isomaltooligosaccharide(IMO) and their interaction on serum immune indexes and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets.Eighty-one healthy"Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire"crossbred piglets weaned at 28 days of age with similar body weight of(7.54±0.62) kg was randomly distributed into 9 groups with 3 replicates per group and 3 piglets per replicate by factorial design with two factors and three levels.Piglets were fed the diets supplemented with 0 g/kg both Gln and IMO(control group),0 g/kg Gln and 6 g/kg IMO(groupⅠ),0 g/kg Gln and 10 g/kg IMO(groupⅡ),10 g/kg Gln and 0 g/kg IMO(group Ⅲ),10 g/kg Gln and 6 g/kg IMO(group Ⅳ),10 g/kg Gln and 10 g/kg IMO(group Ⅴ),15 g/kg Gln and 0 g/kg IMO(group Ⅵ),15 g/kg Gln and 6 g/kg IMO(group Ⅶ),15 g/kg Gln and 10 g/kg IMO(group Ⅷ),respectively.The pretest lasted for 7 days,and the experiment lasted for 21 days.The results showed as follows:1) diets supplemented with 15 g/kg Gln significantly increased the content of immunoglobulin M(IgM) in serum of weaned piglets(P<0.05),and had no significant effects on the contents of immunoglobulin A(IgA) and immunoglobulin G(IgG) in serum(P>0.05).Diets supplemented with IMO had no significant effects on the contents of IgA,IgG and IgM in serum(P>0.05).The interaction of Gln and IMO had significant effect on the content of IgM in serum(P<0.05),especially in groups Ⅳ and Ⅶ.2) Diets supplemented with Gln significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum of weaned piglets(P<0.05),and had no significant effects on the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in serum(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,diet supplemented with 6 g/kg IMO significantly decreased the content of MDA in serum(P<0.05),and had no significant effects on the activity of SOD and T-AOC in serum(P>0.05).The interaction of Gln and IMO had significant effect on the content of MDA in serum(P<0.05),and had an increasing tendency for the activity of SOD in serum.Taken together,the effect of group Ⅷ was the best.It is concluded that diets supplement with 15 g/kg Gln and 6 g/kg IMO can improve immune function and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets.
引文
[1]李宝成,王蕾,张俊梅,等.谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及血浆氨基酸的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(5):123-125.
[2]LI Y J,ZHAO G Y,DU W,et al.Effect of dietary isomaltooligosaccharides on nutrient digestibility and concentration of glucose,insulin,cholesterol and triglycerides in serum of growing pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,151(3/4):312-315.
[3]陈国旺,黄大鹏.谷氨酰胺和低聚异麦芽糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(6):47-50.
[4]田军权,何流琴,黄牛,等.谷氨酰胺对脂多糖应激仔猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1670-1677.
[5]贺琴.酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道微生物和机体免疫的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2017:10-43.
[6]刘艳丽,陈永刚,黄大鹏.中草药合生元对早期断奶仔猪免疫力的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2013,25(05):37-40.
[7]黄牛,李欢,何流琴,等.谷氨酰胺干预断奶仔猪肠道黏膜受损中免疫能力的作用[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(4):752-760.
[8]邹晓庭.谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长、免疫的影响及其机理研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2007:28-51.
[9]周笑犁.大豆寡糖对肠道微生态与免疫功能的调控作用及机制研究[D].博士学位论文.南昌:南昌大学,2013:1-10.
[10]邱清华,苏军,向钊.低聚异麦芽糖在动物养殖中的应用[J].中国奶牛,2014(9):10-12.
[11]WANG X X,SONG P X,WU H,et al.Effects of graded levels of isomaltooligosaccharides on the performance,immune function and intestinal status of weaned pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2016,29(2):250-256.
[12]刘辉,李国庆,李发财,等.新饲料添加剂低聚异麦芽糖的研究与应用[J].中国饲料添加剂,2012(12):21-25.
[13]Michiels J,De Vos M,Missotten J,et al.Maturation of digestive function is retarded and plasma antioxidant capacity lowered in fully weaned low birth weight piglets[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2013,109(1):65-75.
[14]LV D H,XIONG X,YANG H S,et al.Effect of dietary soy oil,glucose,and glutamine on growth performance,amino acid profile,blood profile,immunity,and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets[J].Science China Life Sciences,2018:1-10.
[15]陈恒灿,马黎,陈克嶙,等.丙氨酰谷氨酰胺二肽对早期断奶仔猪抗氧化能力及肠道保护的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(2):251-259.
[16]方静,曹耸,李振.壳聚糖硒对肉仔鸡免疫功能及抗氧化作用的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2013(02):48-50+54.
[17]李俊良.壳聚糖对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响及其调节机制的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014:32-39.
[18]XIONG X,YANG H S,WANG X C,et al.Effect of low dosage of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on intestinal morphology,immune response,antioxidant capacity,and barrier function in weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(3):1089-1097.
[2]LI Y J,ZHAO G Y,DU W,et al.Effect of dietary isomaltooligosaccharides on nutrient digestibility and concentration of glucose,insulin,cholesterol and triglycerides in serum of growing pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,151(3/4):312-315.
[3]陈国旺,黄大鹏.谷氨酰胺和低聚异麦芽糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(6):47-50.
[4]田军权,何流琴,黄牛,等.谷氨酰胺对脂多糖应激仔猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1670-1677.
[5]贺琴.酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道微生物和机体免疫的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2017:10-43.
[6]刘艳丽,陈永刚,黄大鹏.中草药合生元对早期断奶仔猪免疫力的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2013,25(05):37-40.
[7]黄牛,李欢,何流琴,等.谷氨酰胺干预断奶仔猪肠道黏膜受损中免疫能力的作用[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(4):752-760.
[8]邹晓庭.谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长、免疫的影响及其机理研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2007:28-51.
[9]周笑犁.大豆寡糖对肠道微生态与免疫功能的调控作用及机制研究[D].博士学位论文.南昌:南昌大学,2013:1-10.
[10]邱清华,苏军,向钊.低聚异麦芽糖在动物养殖中的应用[J].中国奶牛,2014(9):10-12.
[11]WANG X X,SONG P X,WU H,et al.Effects of graded levels of isomaltooligosaccharides on the performance,immune function and intestinal status of weaned pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2016,29(2):250-256.
[12]刘辉,李国庆,李发财,等.新饲料添加剂低聚异麦芽糖的研究与应用[J].中国饲料添加剂,2012(12):21-25.
[13]Michiels J,De Vos M,Missotten J,et al.Maturation of digestive function is retarded and plasma antioxidant capacity lowered in fully weaned low birth weight piglets[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2013,109(1):65-75.
[14]LV D H,XIONG X,YANG H S,et al.Effect of dietary soy oil,glucose,and glutamine on growth performance,amino acid profile,blood profile,immunity,and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets[J].Science China Life Sciences,2018:1-10.
[15]陈恒灿,马黎,陈克嶙,等.丙氨酰谷氨酰胺二肽对早期断奶仔猪抗氧化能力及肠道保护的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(2):251-259.
[16]方静,曹耸,李振.壳聚糖硒对肉仔鸡免疫功能及抗氧化作用的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2013(02):48-50+54.
[17]李俊良.壳聚糖对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响及其调节机制的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014:32-39.
[18]XIONG X,YANG H S,WANG X C,et al.Effect of low dosage of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on intestinal morphology,immune response,antioxidant capacity,and barrier function in weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(3):1089-1097.