饲料中添加β-葡聚糖对虹鳟部分生长指标和血液生理指标的影响
|
摘要
选择初始体重为(454±52)g的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss),分别投喂添加不同浓度β-葡聚糖(0.05%、0.1%和0.2%)的饲料,饲养30 d后进行取样,分析虹鳟部分生长指标及血液生理指标。结果显示,投喂对应饲料30 d后,0.2%葡聚糖添加组增重率最高,显著高于其他实验组及对照组(P<0.05),0.05%葡聚糖添加组增重率最低。0.2%葡聚糖添加组特定生长率显著高于其他组(P<0.05),0.05%和0.1%组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。0.2%葡聚糖添加组的肝体比显著高于其他实验组及对照组(P<0.05)。各添加组的肥满度随着葡聚糖投喂量的增多而升高,其中,最大值出现于0.2%葡聚糖添加组,但各添加组肥满度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。投喂30 d后,0.05%葡聚糖组白细胞数量显著高于0.2%葡聚糖组及对照组(P<0.05),与0.1%葡聚糖组差异不显著(P>0.05),0.1%葡聚糖组红细胞数量最高,显著高于其他实验组及对照组(P<0.05),葡聚糖组红细胞数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。0.1%葡聚糖组血红蛋白浓度显著高于其他实验组及对照组(P<0.05),对照组鱼的血红蛋白浓度显著低于各实验组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在循环水养殖模式下,饲料中添加β-葡聚糖可提高虹鳟的生长性能并改变其部分血液生理指标,本研究中0.2%β-葡聚糖的效果最好。
The aim of this study was to study the effect of dietary β-glucan on certain growth and blood physiological indices of the rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). The experimental animals were robust, with similar weight of(450±50) g. The control group was fed basal feed, and the experimental groups were fed basal feed supplemented with β-glucan at three concentrations: 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%, three replicate tanks for each group. After 30 days of feeding, the weight gain rate(WGR) in the 0.2% β-glucan group was the highest, significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the WGR of the 0.05% β-glucan group was the lowest. The specific growth rate(SGR) of the 0.2% β-glucan group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05). No significant differences in SGR were found among the 0.05% and 0.1% β-glucan groups and the control group(P>0.05). The hepatosomatic index(HSI) of the 0.2% β-glucan group was the highest, significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05). The condition factor(CF) of the 0.2% β-glucan group was significantly lower than that of the other groups(P<0.05). After 30 days of feeding, the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes and the plasma hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in the experimental groups than in the control group(P<0.05). The number of leukocytes in the 0.05% β-glucan group, which was not significantly different from that of the 0.1% β-glucan group(P>0.05), was significantly higher than that of the 0.2% β-glucan group and control group(P<0.05). The number of erythrocytes in the 0.1% β-glucan group was the highest, significantly higher than that in the other groups(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of erythrocytes in the β-glucan groups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The changes in hemoglobin concentrations were consistent with changes in erythrocyte count. In conclusion, dietary β-glucan can improve the growth performance and favorably change the blood physiology indicators of rainbow trout, with the appropriate concentration of β-glucan being 0.2%.
The aim of this study was to study the effect of dietary β-glucan on certain growth and blood physiological indices of the rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). The experimental animals were robust, with similar weight of(450±50) g. The control group was fed basal feed, and the experimental groups were fed basal feed supplemented with β-glucan at three concentrations: 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%, three replicate tanks for each group. After 30 days of feeding, the weight gain rate(WGR) in the 0.2% β-glucan group was the highest, significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the WGR of the 0.05% β-glucan group was the lowest. The specific growth rate(SGR) of the 0.2% β-glucan group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05). No significant differences in SGR were found among the 0.05% and 0.1% β-glucan groups and the control group(P>0.05). The hepatosomatic index(HSI) of the 0.2% β-glucan group was the highest, significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05). The condition factor(CF) of the 0.2% β-glucan group was significantly lower than that of the other groups(P<0.05). After 30 days of feeding, the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes and the plasma hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in the experimental groups than in the control group(P<0.05). The number of leukocytes in the 0.05% β-glucan group, which was not significantly different from that of the 0.1% β-glucan group(P>0.05), was significantly higher than that of the 0.2% β-glucan group and control group(P<0.05). The number of erythrocytes in the 0.1% β-glucan group was the highest, significantly higher than that in the other groups(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of erythrocytes in the β-glucan groups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The changes in hemoglobin concentrations were consistent with changes in erythrocyte count. In conclusion, dietary β-glucan can improve the growth performance and favorably change the blood physiology indicators of rainbow trout, with the appropriate concentration of β-glucan being 0.2%.
引文
Anderson DP.7-environmental factors in fish health:Immunological Aspects.Fish Physiology,1996,15:289-310
Bai DQ,Wei D,Ma SM,et al.Determination of some physiological and biochemical indexes of blood in strains of barley.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(2):755-757[白东清,魏东,马树敏,等.长丝鲈血液部分生理生化指标测定.安徽农业科学,2010,38(2):755-757]
Bei NX,Wei B,Yao G,et al.Study on physiological and biochemical flow of trout.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,1995(1):9-13[贝念湘,魏彬,姚刚,等.虹鳟生理生化血液流学常值研究.新疆农业大学学报,1995(1):9-13]
Cai CG,Jiang XL,Jiang CH.Advances in structural and development ofβ-glucan.Journal of Agricultural Products Processing,2011(9):114-117[蔡成岗,蒋新龙,蒋昌海.β-葡聚糖结构功能与开发研究进展.农产品加工学刊,2011(9):114-117]
Cai SC,Zhang LM,Zhang DR,et al.Effects of chitosan oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharide on the growth performance,body composition and serum biochemistry of juvenile turbots(Scophthalmus maximus).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(6):29-36[蔡胜昌,张利民,张德瑞,等.壳寡糖与低聚木糖对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长、体组成和血液生化指标的影响.渔业科学进展,2015,36(6):29-36]
Cao M,Chen J,Wang YC,et al.Advances in dextran research.Light Industry,2011,27(4):17-20[曹敏,陈军,王元春,等.葡聚糖的研究进展.轻工科技,2011,27(4):17-20]
Chen YB,Zhou HQ,Hua XM,et al.Effects of the addition ofβ-glucan on the growth,survival and feed coefficient of Penaeus vannamei.Freshwater Fisheries,2002,32(5):55-56[陈云波,周洪琪,华雪铭,等.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖对南美白对虾的生长、存活及饲料系数的影响.淡水渔业,2002,32(5):55-56]
Collazos ME,Ortega E,Barriga C,et al.Seasonal variation in haematological parameters in male and female Tinca tinca.Molecular&Cellular Biochemistry,1998,183(1-2):165-168
Cook MT,Hayball PJ,Hutchinson W,et al.Administration of a commercial immunostimulant preparation,Eco Activa?as a feed supplement enhances macrophage respiratory burst and the growth rate of snapper(Pagrus auratus,Sparidae(Bloch and Schneider))in winter.Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2003,14(4):333-345
Fang YZ,Yang S,Wu GY,et al.The relationship between free radicals,antioxidants,nutrients and health.Journal of Nutrition,2003,25(4):337-343[方允中,杨胜,伍国耀.自由基、抗氧化剂、营养素与健康的关系.营养学报,2003,25(4):337-343]
Guo F,Qian BH,Zhang LZ.Modern erythrocyte immunology.Shanghai Publishing Press of Second Military Medical University,2002[郭峰,钱宝华,张乐知.现代红细胞免疫学.上海:上海第二军医大学出版社,2002]
He FL,Xiang JG,Li CJ,et al.A preliminary study on the influence of water temperature on the hematological parameters of rainbow trout.Journal of Hydrobiology,2007,31(3):363-369[何福林,向建国,李常健,等.水温对虹鳟血液学指标影响的初步研究.水生生物学报,2007,31(3):363-369]
Ji GH,Liu ZZ,Leng XJ.Effects of the addition ofβ-glucan and fructooligosaccharides on the growth and serum SOD and lysozyme activity of juvenile soft-shelled turtle(Trionyx sinensis).Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2004,13(1):36-40[季高华,刘至治,冷向军.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖和低聚果糖对中华鳖幼鳖生长和血清SOD、溶菌酶活力的影响.上海海洋大学学报,2004,13(1):36-40]
Klasing KC.Nutritional modulation of resistance to infectious diseases.Poultry Science,1998,77(8):1119-1125
Li PG,Xue RC.Animal physiology.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000,26-28[李佩国,薛瑞晨.动物生理学.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:26-28]
Li WK,Yan HW,Cai XP,et al.Mechanism study ofβ-glucans for enhanced immune competence.Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2007,34(7):151-155[李万坤,闫鸿斌,才学鹏,等.β-葡聚糖的免疫增强作用机理研究进展.中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(7):151-155]
Lin HR.Fish physiology.Guangzhou:Guangdong Higher Education Press,1999,7:83-84,222-223[林浩然.鱼类生理学.广州:广东高等教育出版社,1999,7:83-84,222-223]
Ling T,Cheng SD,Li YW.Application of immune enhancers--β-glucan in aquatic feeds.Feed Industry,2005,26(12):36-38[凌统,程树东,李英文.免疫增强剂--β-葡聚糖在水产饲料中的应用.饲料工业,2005,26(12):36-38]
Liu ZZ,Cai WQ,Ji GH,et al.Effects of several immune enhancers on the number and immune function of red blood cells in Trionyx sinensis.Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2006,15(1):1-6[刘至治,蔡完其,季高华,等.几种免疫增强剂对中华鳖红细胞数量及免疫功能的影响.上海海洋大学学报,2006,15(1):1-6]
Ma MH.Modern animal products processing.Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press(Second Edition),1998:11[马美湖.现代畜产品加工学.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社(第二版),1998:11]
Mai KS,Zhang L,Tan B,et al.Effects of dietary beta-1,3glucan on innate immune response of large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea.Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2007,22(4):394-402
Misra CK,Das BK,Mukherjee SC,et al.Effect of long term administration of dietaryβ-glucan on immunity,growth and survival of Labeo rohita fingerlings.Aquaculture,2006,255(1-4):82-94
Montero D,Tort L,Robaina L,et al.Low vitamin E in diet reduces stress resistance of gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)juveniles.Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2001,11(6):473-490
Muona M,Antti S.Changes in plasma lysozyme and blood leucocyte levels of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon and sea trout during parr-smolt transformation.Aquaculture,1992,106(1):75-87
Nan B,Zhang W,Mai K,et al.Effects of discontinuous administration ofβ-glucan and glycyrrhizin on the growth and immunity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.Aquaculture,2010,306(1-4):218-224
Selvaraj V,Sampath K,Sekar V.Administration of yeast glucan enhances survival and some non-specific and specific immune parameters in carp(Cyprinus carpio)infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2005,19(4):293-306
Shi QF.Fish physiology.Beijing:Agricultural Press,1991[施泉芳.鱼类生理学.北京:农业出版社,1991]
Siegel I,Liu TL,Gleicher N.The red-cell immune system.Lancet,1981,318(8246):556-559
Skjermo J,Storseth T,Hansen K,et al.Evaluation ofβ-(1→3,1→6)-glucans and high-M alginate used as immunestimulatory dietary supplement during first feeding and weaning of Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua L.).Aquaculture,2006,261(3):1088-1101
Takahashi K,Onodera K,Akiba Y.Effect of dietary xylitol on growth and inflammatory responses in immune stimulated chickens.British Poultry Science,1999,40(4):552-554
Verlhac V,Gabaudan J,Obach A,et al.Influence of dietary glucan and vitamin C on non-specific and specific immune response of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss).Aquaculture,1996,143(2):123-133
Wang HH,Wang HX,Wang GQ.An experimental study on the treatment of calf anemia with dextran iron.Chinese Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2010,37(7):176-177[王洪海,王海霞,王国卿.葡聚糖铁治疗犊牛贫血的实验研究.中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(7):176-177]
Wang KY,Chen X,Huang JL,et al.Effects of fructus polysaccharides on non-specific immune function of Carassius auratus.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2011,35(4):630-637[汪开毓,陈霞,黄锦炉,等.无花果多糖对鲫鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响.水生生物学报,2011,35(4):630-637]
Wang YH.Effects ofβ-glucan on non-specific immunity and growth performance of Takifugu obscurus.Master′s Thesis of East China Normal University,2013,5[王永宏.β-葡聚糖对暗纹东方鲀非特异性免疫及生长性能的影响.华东师范大学硕士研究生学位论文,2013,5]
Wu CY,Cao JM,Huang YH,et al.Effects ofβ-glucan on the growth performance,body composition,serum biochemical index and anti-ammonia stress in bassiana.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(12):3033-3040[吴春玉,曹俊明,黄燕华,等.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖对花鲈生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标和抗氨氮应激能力的影响.动物营养学报,2013,25(12):3033-3040]
Yao T.Human physiology.Beijing:People's Health Publishing House,2002[姚泰.人体生理学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002]
Yu SF,Cai CF,Song XH,et al.Effects ofβ-glucan on immune function of crabs.China Feed,2006(5):20-22[余水法,蔡春芳,宋学宏,等.β-葡聚糖对河蟹免疫功能的影响.中国饲料,2006(5):20-22]
Zhang H,Fang RJ.Immune enhancement and growth-promoting effects ofβ-glucan on animals and their mechanisms.Hunan Feed,2009(4):29-31[张华,方热军.β-葡聚糖对动物的免疫增强和促生长作用及其机理.湖南饲料,2009(4):29-31]
Zhang HS.Effects of biological stress factors on immune function of broilers in different farming environment.Master′s Thesis of Shandong Agricultural University,2010,6[张红双.不同养殖环境生物应激因素对肉鸡免疫功能的影响.山东农业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2010,6]
Zhang J.Effect of immune enhancers on the growth,immunity and anti-stress of Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile shrimp.Doctoral Dissertation of Sun Yat-Sen University,2012,5[张健.免疫增强剂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、免疫及抗应激的影响.中山大学博士研究生学位论文,2012,5]
Zhang YT.The safety and clinical efficacy test of the mammals in dogs.Master′s Thesis of Northeast Agricultural University,2011,6[张耀腾.米尔贝肟片对犬的安全性与临床疗效试验.东北农业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2011,6]
Zhang YW,Qu WJ,Li WH,et al.The effect ofβ-1,3-glucan on non-specific immunological function of Koi.Freshwater Fisheries,2006,36(4):53-55[张耀武,屈文俊,李文辉.β(1,3)-葡聚糖对锦鲤非特异性免疫功能的影响.淡水渔业,2006,36(4):53-55]
Zhao XY,Liu CQ,Miao XY,et al.C57BL/6J mice in chronic stress-induced changes in blood cells.Chinese Journal of Gerontology,2010,30(24):3732-3733[赵心宇,刘纯青,苗小艳,等.C57BL/6J小鼠慢性应激形成过程中血细胞变化特点.中国老年学,2010,30(24):3732-3733]
Zhou QC,Zheng A,Yang HJ,et al.Effects of vitamin C and immune polysaccharides on growth,feed utilization and major components of Litopenaeus vannamei.Marine Science,2004,28(8):9-13[周歧存,郑艾,阳会军,等.维生素C和免疫多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用和虾体主要成分的影响.海洋科学,2004,28(8):9-13]
Zhou Y,Guo WC,Yang ZG,et al.Advances in hematological parameters of fish.Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2001,10(2):163-165[周玉,郭文场,杨振国,等.鱼类血液学指标研究的进展.上海海洋大学学报,2001,10(2):163-165]
Zhou YP.Effects ofβ-glucan on non-specific immunity and growth performance of Carassius auratas gibelio.Master′s Thesis of Wuhan Institute of Technology,2008,6[周艳萍.β-葡聚糖对异育银鲫非特异性免疫和生长性能的影响.武汉工业学院硕士研究生学位论文,2008,6]
Bai DQ,Wei D,Ma SM,et al.Determination of some physiological and biochemical indexes of blood in strains of barley.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(2):755-757[白东清,魏东,马树敏,等.长丝鲈血液部分生理生化指标测定.安徽农业科学,2010,38(2):755-757]
Bei NX,Wei B,Yao G,et al.Study on physiological and biochemical flow of trout.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,1995(1):9-13[贝念湘,魏彬,姚刚,等.虹鳟生理生化血液流学常值研究.新疆农业大学学报,1995(1):9-13]
Cai CG,Jiang XL,Jiang CH.Advances in structural and development ofβ-glucan.Journal of Agricultural Products Processing,2011(9):114-117[蔡成岗,蒋新龙,蒋昌海.β-葡聚糖结构功能与开发研究进展.农产品加工学刊,2011(9):114-117]
Cai SC,Zhang LM,Zhang DR,et al.Effects of chitosan oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharide on the growth performance,body composition and serum biochemistry of juvenile turbots(Scophthalmus maximus).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(6):29-36[蔡胜昌,张利民,张德瑞,等.壳寡糖与低聚木糖对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长、体组成和血液生化指标的影响.渔业科学进展,2015,36(6):29-36]
Cao M,Chen J,Wang YC,et al.Advances in dextran research.Light Industry,2011,27(4):17-20[曹敏,陈军,王元春,等.葡聚糖的研究进展.轻工科技,2011,27(4):17-20]
Chen YB,Zhou HQ,Hua XM,et al.Effects of the addition ofβ-glucan on the growth,survival and feed coefficient of Penaeus vannamei.Freshwater Fisheries,2002,32(5):55-56[陈云波,周洪琪,华雪铭,等.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖对南美白对虾的生长、存活及饲料系数的影响.淡水渔业,2002,32(5):55-56]
Collazos ME,Ortega E,Barriga C,et al.Seasonal variation in haematological parameters in male and female Tinca tinca.Molecular&Cellular Biochemistry,1998,183(1-2):165-168
Cook MT,Hayball PJ,Hutchinson W,et al.Administration of a commercial immunostimulant preparation,Eco Activa?as a feed supplement enhances macrophage respiratory burst and the growth rate of snapper(Pagrus auratus,Sparidae(Bloch and Schneider))in winter.Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2003,14(4):333-345
Fang YZ,Yang S,Wu GY,et al.The relationship between free radicals,antioxidants,nutrients and health.Journal of Nutrition,2003,25(4):337-343[方允中,杨胜,伍国耀.自由基、抗氧化剂、营养素与健康的关系.营养学报,2003,25(4):337-343]
Guo F,Qian BH,Zhang LZ.Modern erythrocyte immunology.Shanghai Publishing Press of Second Military Medical University,2002[郭峰,钱宝华,张乐知.现代红细胞免疫学.上海:上海第二军医大学出版社,2002]
He FL,Xiang JG,Li CJ,et al.A preliminary study on the influence of water temperature on the hematological parameters of rainbow trout.Journal of Hydrobiology,2007,31(3):363-369[何福林,向建国,李常健,等.水温对虹鳟血液学指标影响的初步研究.水生生物学报,2007,31(3):363-369]
Ji GH,Liu ZZ,Leng XJ.Effects of the addition ofβ-glucan and fructooligosaccharides on the growth and serum SOD and lysozyme activity of juvenile soft-shelled turtle(Trionyx sinensis).Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2004,13(1):36-40[季高华,刘至治,冷向军.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖和低聚果糖对中华鳖幼鳖生长和血清SOD、溶菌酶活力的影响.上海海洋大学学报,2004,13(1):36-40]
Klasing KC.Nutritional modulation of resistance to infectious diseases.Poultry Science,1998,77(8):1119-1125
Li PG,Xue RC.Animal physiology.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000,26-28[李佩国,薛瑞晨.动物生理学.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:26-28]
Li WK,Yan HW,Cai XP,et al.Mechanism study ofβ-glucans for enhanced immune competence.Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2007,34(7):151-155[李万坤,闫鸿斌,才学鹏,等.β-葡聚糖的免疫增强作用机理研究进展.中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(7):151-155]
Lin HR.Fish physiology.Guangzhou:Guangdong Higher Education Press,1999,7:83-84,222-223[林浩然.鱼类生理学.广州:广东高等教育出版社,1999,7:83-84,222-223]
Ling T,Cheng SD,Li YW.Application of immune enhancers--β-glucan in aquatic feeds.Feed Industry,2005,26(12):36-38[凌统,程树东,李英文.免疫增强剂--β-葡聚糖在水产饲料中的应用.饲料工业,2005,26(12):36-38]
Liu ZZ,Cai WQ,Ji GH,et al.Effects of several immune enhancers on the number and immune function of red blood cells in Trionyx sinensis.Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2006,15(1):1-6[刘至治,蔡完其,季高华,等.几种免疫增强剂对中华鳖红细胞数量及免疫功能的影响.上海海洋大学学报,2006,15(1):1-6]
Ma MH.Modern animal products processing.Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press(Second Edition),1998:11[马美湖.现代畜产品加工学.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社(第二版),1998:11]
Mai KS,Zhang L,Tan B,et al.Effects of dietary beta-1,3glucan on innate immune response of large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea.Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2007,22(4):394-402
Misra CK,Das BK,Mukherjee SC,et al.Effect of long term administration of dietaryβ-glucan on immunity,growth and survival of Labeo rohita fingerlings.Aquaculture,2006,255(1-4):82-94
Montero D,Tort L,Robaina L,et al.Low vitamin E in diet reduces stress resistance of gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)juveniles.Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2001,11(6):473-490
Muona M,Antti S.Changes in plasma lysozyme and blood leucocyte levels of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon and sea trout during parr-smolt transformation.Aquaculture,1992,106(1):75-87
Nan B,Zhang W,Mai K,et al.Effects of discontinuous administration ofβ-glucan and glycyrrhizin on the growth and immunity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.Aquaculture,2010,306(1-4):218-224
Selvaraj V,Sampath K,Sekar V.Administration of yeast glucan enhances survival and some non-specific and specific immune parameters in carp(Cyprinus carpio)infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2005,19(4):293-306
Shi QF.Fish physiology.Beijing:Agricultural Press,1991[施泉芳.鱼类生理学.北京:农业出版社,1991]
Siegel I,Liu TL,Gleicher N.The red-cell immune system.Lancet,1981,318(8246):556-559
Skjermo J,Storseth T,Hansen K,et al.Evaluation ofβ-(1→3,1→6)-glucans and high-M alginate used as immunestimulatory dietary supplement during first feeding and weaning of Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua L.).Aquaculture,2006,261(3):1088-1101
Takahashi K,Onodera K,Akiba Y.Effect of dietary xylitol on growth and inflammatory responses in immune stimulated chickens.British Poultry Science,1999,40(4):552-554
Verlhac V,Gabaudan J,Obach A,et al.Influence of dietary glucan and vitamin C on non-specific and specific immune response of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss).Aquaculture,1996,143(2):123-133
Wang HH,Wang HX,Wang GQ.An experimental study on the treatment of calf anemia with dextran iron.Chinese Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2010,37(7):176-177[王洪海,王海霞,王国卿.葡聚糖铁治疗犊牛贫血的实验研究.中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(7):176-177]
Wang KY,Chen X,Huang JL,et al.Effects of fructus polysaccharides on non-specific immune function of Carassius auratus.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2011,35(4):630-637[汪开毓,陈霞,黄锦炉,等.无花果多糖对鲫鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响.水生生物学报,2011,35(4):630-637]
Wang YH.Effects ofβ-glucan on non-specific immunity and growth performance of Takifugu obscurus.Master′s Thesis of East China Normal University,2013,5[王永宏.β-葡聚糖对暗纹东方鲀非特异性免疫及生长性能的影响.华东师范大学硕士研究生学位论文,2013,5]
Wu CY,Cao JM,Huang YH,et al.Effects ofβ-glucan on the growth performance,body composition,serum biochemical index and anti-ammonia stress in bassiana.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(12):3033-3040[吴春玉,曹俊明,黄燕华,等.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖对花鲈生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标和抗氨氮应激能力的影响.动物营养学报,2013,25(12):3033-3040]
Yao T.Human physiology.Beijing:People's Health Publishing House,2002[姚泰.人体生理学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002]
Yu SF,Cai CF,Song XH,et al.Effects ofβ-glucan on immune function of crabs.China Feed,2006(5):20-22[余水法,蔡春芳,宋学宏,等.β-葡聚糖对河蟹免疫功能的影响.中国饲料,2006(5):20-22]
Zhang H,Fang RJ.Immune enhancement and growth-promoting effects ofβ-glucan on animals and their mechanisms.Hunan Feed,2009(4):29-31[张华,方热军.β-葡聚糖对动物的免疫增强和促生长作用及其机理.湖南饲料,2009(4):29-31]
Zhang HS.Effects of biological stress factors on immune function of broilers in different farming environment.Master′s Thesis of Shandong Agricultural University,2010,6[张红双.不同养殖环境生物应激因素对肉鸡免疫功能的影响.山东农业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2010,6]
Zhang J.Effect of immune enhancers on the growth,immunity and anti-stress of Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile shrimp.Doctoral Dissertation of Sun Yat-Sen University,2012,5[张健.免疫增强剂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、免疫及抗应激的影响.中山大学博士研究生学位论文,2012,5]
Zhang YT.The safety and clinical efficacy test of the mammals in dogs.Master′s Thesis of Northeast Agricultural University,2011,6[张耀腾.米尔贝肟片对犬的安全性与临床疗效试验.东北农业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2011,6]
Zhang YW,Qu WJ,Li WH,et al.The effect ofβ-1,3-glucan on non-specific immunological function of Koi.Freshwater Fisheries,2006,36(4):53-55[张耀武,屈文俊,李文辉.β(1,3)-葡聚糖对锦鲤非特异性免疫功能的影响.淡水渔业,2006,36(4):53-55]
Zhao XY,Liu CQ,Miao XY,et al.C57BL/6J mice in chronic stress-induced changes in blood cells.Chinese Journal of Gerontology,2010,30(24):3732-3733[赵心宇,刘纯青,苗小艳,等.C57BL/6J小鼠慢性应激形成过程中血细胞变化特点.中国老年学,2010,30(24):3732-3733]
Zhou QC,Zheng A,Yang HJ,et al.Effects of vitamin C and immune polysaccharides on growth,feed utilization and major components of Litopenaeus vannamei.Marine Science,2004,28(8):9-13[周歧存,郑艾,阳会军,等.维生素C和免疫多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用和虾体主要成分的影响.海洋科学,2004,28(8):9-13]
Zhou Y,Guo WC,Yang ZG,et al.Advances in hematological parameters of fish.Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2001,10(2):163-165[周玉,郭文场,杨振国,等.鱼类血液学指标研究的进展.上海海洋大学学报,2001,10(2):163-165]
Zhou YP.Effects ofβ-glucan on non-specific immunity and growth performance of Carassius auratas gibelio.Master′s Thesis of Wuhan Institute of Technology,2008,6[周艳萍.β-葡聚糖对异育银鲫非特异性免疫和生长性能的影响.武汉工业学院硕士研究生学位论文,2008,6]