Influencing factors of postoperative early delayed gastric emptying after minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy
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摘要
BACKGROUND The main clinical treatment for esophageal cancer is surgery. Since traditional open esophageal cancer resection has the disadvantages of large trauma, long recovery period, and high postoperative complication rate, its clinical application is gradually reduced. The current report of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy(MIILE) is increasing. However, researchers found that patients with MIILE had a higher incidence of early delayed gastric emptying(DGE).AIM To investigate the influencing factors of postoperative early DGE after MIILE.METHODS A total of 156 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer at Deyang People's Hospital were enrolled. According to the criteria of DGE, patients were assigned to a DGE group(n = 49) and a control group(n = 107). The differences between the DGE group and the control group were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to further determine the influencing factors of postoperative early DGE. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to assess potential factors in predicting postoperative early DGE.RESULTS Age, intraoperative blood loss, chest drainage time, portion of anxiety score ≥ 45 points, analgesia pump use, postoperative to enteral nutrition interval, and postoperative fluid volume in the DGE group were higher than those in the control group. Perioperative albumin level in the DGE group was lower than that in the control group(P < 0.05). Age, anxiety score, perioperative albumin level,and postoperative fluid volume were independent factors influencing postoperative early DGE, and the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC) foranxiety score was 0.720. The optimum cut-off value was 39, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80.37% and 65.31%, respectively. The AUC for postoperative fluid volume were 0.774. The optimal cut-off value was 1191.86 mL, and the sensitivity and specificity were 65.3% and 77.6%, respectively. The AUC for perioperative albumin level was 0.758. The optimum cut-off value was 26.75 g/L,and the sensitivity and specificity were 97.2% and 46.9%, respectively.CONCLUSION Advanced age, postoperative anxiety, perioperative albumin level, and postoperative fluid volume can increase the incidence of postoperative early DGE.
BACKGROUND The main clinical treatment for esophageal cancer is surgery. Since traditional open esophageal cancer resection has the disadvantages of large trauma, long recovery period, and high postoperative complication rate, its clinical application is gradually reduced. The current report of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy(MIILE) is increasing. However, researchers found that patients with MIILE had a higher incidence of early delayed gastric emptying(DGE).AIM To investigate the influencing factors of postoperative early DGE after MIILE.METHODS A total of 156 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer at Deyang People's Hospital were enrolled. According to the criteria of DGE, patients were assigned to a DGE group(n = 49) and a control group(n = 107). The differences between the DGE group and the control group were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to further determine the influencing factors of postoperative early DGE. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to assess potential factors in predicting postoperative early DGE.RESULTS Age, intraoperative blood loss, chest drainage time, portion of anxiety score ≥ 45 points, analgesia pump use, postoperative to enteral nutrition interval, and postoperative fluid volume in the DGE group were higher than those in the control group. Perioperative albumin level in the DGE group was lower than that in the control group(P < 0.05). Age, anxiety score, perioperative albumin level,and postoperative fluid volume were independent factors influencing postoperative early DGE, and the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC) foranxiety score was 0.720. The optimum cut-off value was 39, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80.37% and 65.31%, respectively. The AUC for postoperative fluid volume were 0.774. The optimal cut-off value was 1191.86 mL, and the sensitivity and specificity were 65.3% and 77.6%, respectively. The AUC for perioperative albumin level was 0.758. The optimum cut-off value was 26.75 g/L,and the sensitivity and specificity were 97.2% and 46.9%, respectively.CONCLUSION Advanced age, postoperative anxiety, perioperative albumin level, and postoperative fluid volume can increase the incidence of postoperative early DGE.
BACKGROUND The main clinical treatment for esophageal cancer is surgery. Since traditional open esophageal cancer resection has the disadvantages of large trauma, long recovery period, and high postoperative complication rate, its clinical application is gradually reduced. The current report of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy(MIILE) is increasing. However, researchers found that patients with MIILE had a higher incidence of early delayed gastric emptying(DGE).AIM To investigate the influencing factors of postoperative early DGE after MIILE.METHODS A total of 156 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer at Deyang People's Hospital were enrolled. According to the criteria of DGE, patients were assigned to a DGE group(n = 49) and a control group(n = 107). The differences between the DGE group and the control group were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to further determine the influencing factors of postoperative early DGE. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to assess potential factors in predicting postoperative early DGE.RESULTS Age, intraoperative blood loss, chest drainage time, portion of anxiety score ≥ 45 points, analgesia pump use, postoperative to enteral nutrition interval, and postoperative fluid volume in the DGE group were higher than those in the control group. Perioperative albumin level in the DGE group was lower than that in the control group(P < 0.05). Age, anxiety score, perioperative albumin level,and postoperative fluid volume were independent factors influencing postoperative early DGE, and the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC) foranxiety score was 0.720. The optimum cut-off value was 39, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80.37% and 65.31%, respectively. The AUC for postoperative fluid volume were 0.774. The optimal cut-off value was 1191.86 mL, and the sensitivity and specificity were 65.3% and 77.6%, respectively. The AUC for perioperative albumin level was 0.758. The optimum cut-off value was 26.75 g/L,and the sensitivity and specificity were 97.2% and 46.9%, respectively.CONCLUSION Advanced age, postoperative anxiety, perioperative albumin level, and postoperative fluid volume can increase the incidence of postoperative early DGE.
引文
1 Tan HZ,Lin WJ,Huang JQ,Dai M,Fu JH,Huang QH,Chen WM,Xu YL,Ye TT,Lin ZY,Lin XS,Cai JX,Dong YH,Luo HY,Chen SH,Huang YL,Yang J,Lin AX,Yuan XQ,Chen SY,Wang KS,Zhuang CY,Wang SC,Lin LL,Zou XF,Song ZH,Fang XH,Chen T,Zhang JH,Li KQ,Chen LH,Lin XP,Lin JM,Lin JN,Lin PL,Chen JT,Lin KM,Hong XC,Wang LD,Xu LY,Li EM,Zhang JJ.Updated incidence rates and risk factors of esophageal cancer in Nan'ao Island,a coastal high-risk area in southern China.Dis Esophagus 2017;30:1-7[PMID:26918692 DOI:10.1111/dote.12468]
2 Soler M,Bosetti C,Franceschi S,Negri E,Zambon P,Talamini R,Conti E,La Vecchia C.Fiber intake and the risk of oral,pharyngeal and esophageal cancer.Int J Cancer 2001;91:283-287[PMID:11169948DOI:10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1047>3.0.CO;2-I]
3 Taioli E,Wolf AS,Camacho-Rivera M,Kaufman A,Lee DS,Bhora F,Flores RM.Racial disparities in esophageal cancer survival after surgery.J Surg Oncol 2016;113:659-664[PMID:26865174 DOI:10.1002/jso.24203]
4 Honda M,Daiko H,Kinoshita T,Fujita T,Shibasaki H,Nishida T.Minimally invasive resection of synchronous thoracic esophageal and gastric carcinomas followed by reconstruction:a case report.Surg Case Rep 2015;1:12[PMID:26943380 DOI:10.1186/s40792-015-0018-4]
5 Zhao L,Ge J,Li W,Luo Y,Chai Y.Minimally invasive esophageal resection and intrathoracic anastomosis for lower thoracic esophageal cancer with single position.J Thorac Dis 2015;7:1486-1488[PMID:26380776 DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.08.06]
6 Guo W,Ma L,Zhang Y,Ma X,Yang S,Zhu X,Zhang J,Zhang Y,Xiang J,Li H.Totally minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy with single-utility incision video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for treatment of mid-lower esophageal cancer.Dis Esophagus 2016;29:139-145[PMID:25515694 DOI:10.1111/dote.12306]
7 Wang J,Xu MQ,Xie MR,Mei XY.Minimally Invasive Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy(MIILE):A SingleCenter Experience.Indian J Surg 2017;79:319-325[PMID:28827906 DOI:10.1007/s12262-016-1519-5]
8 Li B,Xiang J,Zhang Y,Li H,Zhang J,Sun Y,Hu H,Miao L,Ma L,Luo X,Chen S,Ye T,Zhang Y,Zhang Y,Chen H.Comparison of Ivor-Lewis vs Sweet esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma:a randomized clinical trial.JAMA Surg 2015;150:292-298[PMID:25650816 DOI:10.1001/jamasurg.2014.2877]
9 Akkerman RD,Haverkamp L,van Hillegersberg R,Ruurda JP.Surgical techniques to prevent delayed gastric emptying after esophagectomy with gastric interposition:a systematic review.Ann Thorac Surg2014;98:1512-1519[PMID:25152385 DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.06.057]
10 Chung KH,Lee SH,Park JM,Lee JM,Shin CM,Ahn SH,Park do J,Kim HH,Ryu JK,Kim YT.Partially covered self-expandable metallic stent for postoperative benign strictures associated with laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy.Gastric Cancer 2016;19:280-286[PMID:25503478 DOI:10.1007/s10120-014-0450-3]
11 Zhang Y.Epidemiology of esophageal cancer.World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:5598-5606[PMID:24039351 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5598]
12 Zhou RM,Li Y,Wang N,Huang X,Cao SR.Phospholipase Cε-1 gene polymorphisms and prognosis of esophageal cancer patients from a high-incidence region in northern China.Mol Clin Oncol 2018;8:170-174[PMID:29387411 DOI:10.3892/mco.2017.1475]
13 Ghadirian P.Thermal irritation and esophageal cancer in northern Iran.Cancer 1987;60:1909-1914[PMID:3652017 DOI:10.1002/1097-0142(19871015)60:8<1909::AID-CNCR2820600840>3.0.CO;2-Y]
14 Nobis S,Morin A,Achamrah N,Belmonte L,Legrand R,Chan P,do Rego JL,Vaudry D,Gourcerol G,Déchelotte P,Goichon A,Co?ffier M.Delayed gastric emptying and altered antrum protein metabolism during activity-based anorexia.Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;30:e13305[PMID:29411462 DOI:10.1111/nmo.13305]
15 Marciani L,Pritchard SE,Hellier-Woods C,Costigan C,Hoad CL,Gowland PA,Spiller RC.Delayed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial small bowel water content of equicaloric whole meal bread versus rice meals in healthy subjects:novel MRI insights.Eur J Clin Nutr 2013;67:754-758[PMID:23594839 DOI:10.1038/ejcn.2013.78]
16 Hanna MM,Gadde R,Tamariz L,Allen CJ,Meizoso JP,Sleeman D,Livingstone AS,Yakoub D.Erratum to:Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreaticoduodenectomy:Is Subtotal Stomach Preserving Better or Pylorus Preserving?J Gastrointest Surg 2015;19:1736[PMID:26129655 DOI:10.1007/s11605-015-2886-0]
17 Limongelli P,Docimo L,Malleo G,Salvia R.Delayed Gastric Emptying after Pancreaticoduodenectomy:The Hunt Continues.J Am Coll Surg 2018;226:333-334[PMID:29478471 DOI:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.12.002]
18 Wee JO,Morse CR.Minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;144:S60-S62[PMID:22305551 DOI:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.051]
19 Pennathur A,Awais O,Luketich JD.Technique of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.Ann Thorac Surg 2010;89:S2159-S2162[PMID:20494002 DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.03.069]
20 Maas KW,Biere SS,Scheepers JJ,Gisbertz SS,Turrado Rodriguez VT,van der Peet DL,Cuesta MA.Minimally invasive intrathoracic anastomosis after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for cancer:a review of transoral or transthoracic use of staplers.Surg Endosc 2012;26:1795-1802[PMID:22294057 DOI:10.1007/s00464-012-2149-z]
21 Liu Q,Chen J,Wen J,Yang H,Hu Y,Luo K,Tan Z,Fu J.Comparison of right-and left-approach esophagectomy for elderly patients with operable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma:a propensity matched study.J Thorac Dis 2017;9:1883-1890[PMID:28839986 DOI:10.21037/jtd.2017.06.22]
22 Li X,Wang W,Zhou Y,Yang D,Wu J,Zhang B,Wu Z,Tang J.Efficacy comparison of transcervical video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy combined with left transthoracic esophagectomy versus right transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer treatment.World J Surg Oncol 2018;16:25[PMID:29426329 DOI:10.1186/s12957-017-1268-3]
23 Weijs TJ,Berkelmans GH,Nieuwenhuijzen GA,Ruurda JP,van Hillegersberg R,Soeters PB,Luyer MD.Routes for early enteral nutrition after esophagectomy.A systematic review.Clin Nutr 2015;34:1-6[PMID:25131601 DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.07.011]
24 Farnes I,Johnson E,Johannessen HO.Management of gastric conduit retention following hybrid and minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer:Two retrospective case series.Int J Surg Case Rep 2017;41:505-510[PMID:29546028 DOI:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.040]
25 van Workum F,Berkelmans GH,Klarenbeek BR,Nieuwenhuijzen GAP,Luyer MDP,Rosman C.McKeown or Ivor Lewis totally minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction:systematic review and meta-analysis.J Thorac Dis 2017;9:S826-S833[PMID:28815080 DOI:10.21037/jtd.2017.03.173]
26 Tang H,Zheng H,Tan L,Shen Y,Wang H,Lin M,Wang Q.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy:is it a superior approach for locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?J Thorac Dis 2018;10:963-972[PMID:29607169 DOI:10.21037/jtd.2017.12.108]
27 Cheong E.How minimally invasive esophagectomy was implemented at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital.J Thorac Dis 2017;9:S879-S885[PMID:28815086 DOI:10.21037/jtd.2017.05.54]
28 Bencini L,Moraldi L,Bartolini I,Coratti A.Esophageal surgery in minimally invasive era.World JGastrointest Surg 2016;8:52-64[PMID:26843913 DOI:10.4240/wjgs.v8.i1.52]
29 Fritz S,Feilhauer K,Schaudt A,Killguss H,Esianu E,Hennig R,K?ninger J.Pylorus drainage procedures in thoracoabdominal esophagectomy-a single-center experience and review of the literature.BMC Surg2018;18:13[PMID:29490701 DOI:10.1186/s12893-018-0347-x]
30 Guo W,Yang S,Li H.Esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction for benign disease:extreme but important.Ann Transl Med 2018;6:117[PMID:29955577 DOI:10.21037/atm.2017.09.14]
2 Soler M,Bosetti C,Franceschi S,Negri E,Zambon P,Talamini R,Conti E,La Vecchia C.Fiber intake and the risk of oral,pharyngeal and esophageal cancer.Int J Cancer 2001;91:283-287[PMID:11169948DOI:10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1047>3.0.CO;2-I]
3 Taioli E,Wolf AS,Camacho-Rivera M,Kaufman A,Lee DS,Bhora F,Flores RM.Racial disparities in esophageal cancer survival after surgery.J Surg Oncol 2016;113:659-664[PMID:26865174 DOI:10.1002/jso.24203]
4 Honda M,Daiko H,Kinoshita T,Fujita T,Shibasaki H,Nishida T.Minimally invasive resection of synchronous thoracic esophageal and gastric carcinomas followed by reconstruction:a case report.Surg Case Rep 2015;1:12[PMID:26943380 DOI:10.1186/s40792-015-0018-4]
5 Zhao L,Ge J,Li W,Luo Y,Chai Y.Minimally invasive esophageal resection and intrathoracic anastomosis for lower thoracic esophageal cancer with single position.J Thorac Dis 2015;7:1486-1488[PMID:26380776 DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.08.06]
6 Guo W,Ma L,Zhang Y,Ma X,Yang S,Zhu X,Zhang J,Zhang Y,Xiang J,Li H.Totally minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy with single-utility incision video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for treatment of mid-lower esophageal cancer.Dis Esophagus 2016;29:139-145[PMID:25515694 DOI:10.1111/dote.12306]
7 Wang J,Xu MQ,Xie MR,Mei XY.Minimally Invasive Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy(MIILE):A SingleCenter Experience.Indian J Surg 2017;79:319-325[PMID:28827906 DOI:10.1007/s12262-016-1519-5]
8 Li B,Xiang J,Zhang Y,Li H,Zhang J,Sun Y,Hu H,Miao L,Ma L,Luo X,Chen S,Ye T,Zhang Y,Zhang Y,Chen H.Comparison of Ivor-Lewis vs Sweet esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma:a randomized clinical trial.JAMA Surg 2015;150:292-298[PMID:25650816 DOI:10.1001/jamasurg.2014.2877]
9 Akkerman RD,Haverkamp L,van Hillegersberg R,Ruurda JP.Surgical techniques to prevent delayed gastric emptying after esophagectomy with gastric interposition:a systematic review.Ann Thorac Surg2014;98:1512-1519[PMID:25152385 DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.06.057]
10 Chung KH,Lee SH,Park JM,Lee JM,Shin CM,Ahn SH,Park do J,Kim HH,Ryu JK,Kim YT.Partially covered self-expandable metallic stent for postoperative benign strictures associated with laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy.Gastric Cancer 2016;19:280-286[PMID:25503478 DOI:10.1007/s10120-014-0450-3]
11 Zhang Y.Epidemiology of esophageal cancer.World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:5598-5606[PMID:24039351 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5598]
12 Zhou RM,Li Y,Wang N,Huang X,Cao SR.Phospholipase Cε-1 gene polymorphisms and prognosis of esophageal cancer patients from a high-incidence region in northern China.Mol Clin Oncol 2018;8:170-174[PMID:29387411 DOI:10.3892/mco.2017.1475]
13 Ghadirian P.Thermal irritation and esophageal cancer in northern Iran.Cancer 1987;60:1909-1914[PMID:3652017 DOI:10.1002/1097-0142(19871015)60:8<1909::AID-CNCR2820600840>3.0.CO;2-Y]
14 Nobis S,Morin A,Achamrah N,Belmonte L,Legrand R,Chan P,do Rego JL,Vaudry D,Gourcerol G,Déchelotte P,Goichon A,Co?ffier M.Delayed gastric emptying and altered antrum protein metabolism during activity-based anorexia.Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;30:e13305[PMID:29411462 DOI:10.1111/nmo.13305]
15 Marciani L,Pritchard SE,Hellier-Woods C,Costigan C,Hoad CL,Gowland PA,Spiller RC.Delayed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial small bowel water content of equicaloric whole meal bread versus rice meals in healthy subjects:novel MRI insights.Eur J Clin Nutr 2013;67:754-758[PMID:23594839 DOI:10.1038/ejcn.2013.78]
16 Hanna MM,Gadde R,Tamariz L,Allen CJ,Meizoso JP,Sleeman D,Livingstone AS,Yakoub D.Erratum to:Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreaticoduodenectomy:Is Subtotal Stomach Preserving Better or Pylorus Preserving?J Gastrointest Surg 2015;19:1736[PMID:26129655 DOI:10.1007/s11605-015-2886-0]
17 Limongelli P,Docimo L,Malleo G,Salvia R.Delayed Gastric Emptying after Pancreaticoduodenectomy:The Hunt Continues.J Am Coll Surg 2018;226:333-334[PMID:29478471 DOI:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.12.002]
18 Wee JO,Morse CR.Minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;144:S60-S62[PMID:22305551 DOI:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.051]
19 Pennathur A,Awais O,Luketich JD.Technique of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.Ann Thorac Surg 2010;89:S2159-S2162[PMID:20494002 DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.03.069]
20 Maas KW,Biere SS,Scheepers JJ,Gisbertz SS,Turrado Rodriguez VT,van der Peet DL,Cuesta MA.Minimally invasive intrathoracic anastomosis after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for cancer:a review of transoral or transthoracic use of staplers.Surg Endosc 2012;26:1795-1802[PMID:22294057 DOI:10.1007/s00464-012-2149-z]
21 Liu Q,Chen J,Wen J,Yang H,Hu Y,Luo K,Tan Z,Fu J.Comparison of right-and left-approach esophagectomy for elderly patients with operable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma:a propensity matched study.J Thorac Dis 2017;9:1883-1890[PMID:28839986 DOI:10.21037/jtd.2017.06.22]
22 Li X,Wang W,Zhou Y,Yang D,Wu J,Zhang B,Wu Z,Tang J.Efficacy comparison of transcervical video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy combined with left transthoracic esophagectomy versus right transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer treatment.World J Surg Oncol 2018;16:25[PMID:29426329 DOI:10.1186/s12957-017-1268-3]
23 Weijs TJ,Berkelmans GH,Nieuwenhuijzen GA,Ruurda JP,van Hillegersberg R,Soeters PB,Luyer MD.Routes for early enteral nutrition after esophagectomy.A systematic review.Clin Nutr 2015;34:1-6[PMID:25131601 DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.07.011]
24 Farnes I,Johnson E,Johannessen HO.Management of gastric conduit retention following hybrid and minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer:Two retrospective case series.Int J Surg Case Rep 2017;41:505-510[PMID:29546028 DOI:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.040]
25 van Workum F,Berkelmans GH,Klarenbeek BR,Nieuwenhuijzen GAP,Luyer MDP,Rosman C.McKeown or Ivor Lewis totally minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction:systematic review and meta-analysis.J Thorac Dis 2017;9:S826-S833[PMID:28815080 DOI:10.21037/jtd.2017.03.173]
26 Tang H,Zheng H,Tan L,Shen Y,Wang H,Lin M,Wang Q.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy:is it a superior approach for locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?J Thorac Dis 2018;10:963-972[PMID:29607169 DOI:10.21037/jtd.2017.12.108]
27 Cheong E.How minimally invasive esophagectomy was implemented at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital.J Thorac Dis 2017;9:S879-S885[PMID:28815086 DOI:10.21037/jtd.2017.05.54]
28 Bencini L,Moraldi L,Bartolini I,Coratti A.Esophageal surgery in minimally invasive era.World JGastrointest Surg 2016;8:52-64[PMID:26843913 DOI:10.4240/wjgs.v8.i1.52]
29 Fritz S,Feilhauer K,Schaudt A,Killguss H,Esianu E,Hennig R,K?ninger J.Pylorus drainage procedures in thoracoabdominal esophagectomy-a single-center experience and review of the literature.BMC Surg2018;18:13[PMID:29490701 DOI:10.1186/s12893-018-0347-x]
30 Guo W,Yang S,Li H.Esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction for benign disease:extreme but important.Ann Transl Med 2018;6:117[PMID:29955577 DOI:10.21037/atm.2017.09.14]