丙酸铬对常规饲养肉鸡生长性能、血清脂代谢、胴体品质及免疫功能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平丙酸铬(CrPro)对常规饲养条件下饲养21 d的肉雏鸡生长性能、血清脂代谢、胴体品质及免疫功能的影响。试验选用体重均一的1日龄科宝500雄性雏鸡252只,随机分为6个组,每组7个重复,每个重复6只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(含铬0.62 mg/kg),试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6和3.2 mg/kg CrPro(以铬计)的饲粮。试验鸡只自由采食和饮水,试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加不同水平的CrPro对肉鸡生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)饲粮中添加不同水平的CrPro对血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著影响(P>0.05),但血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)含量随饲粮中CrPro添加水平的上升而线性升高(P<0.05)。3)饲粮中添加不同水平的CrPro对肉鸡胴体性能和胸肌肉品质均无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量随饲粮CrPro添加水平的提高呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),并且均在0.4 mg/kg添加组达到最大值; CrPro添加水平有影响肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量的趋势(P=0.057 4),且其随着饲粮CrPro添加水平的提高呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。5)饲粮中添加不同水平的CrPro对21日龄肉鸡免疫器官指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可知,饲粮添加CrPro对常规饲养条件下饲养21 d肉鸡的生长性能、胴体性能及肉品质无显著影响,但随饲粮CrPro添加水平的升高,肉鸡血清IgA、IgG及IgM含量均呈现二次曲线变化,且在CrPro添加水平为0.4 mg/kg时达到最大值;饲粮添加CrPro线性提高了常规饲养条件下饲养21 d肉鸡血清LDLC含量。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different supplemental levels of chromium propionate( CrPro) on the growth performance,serum lipid metabolism,carcass traits and immune function of broilers reared under normal conditions for 21 days. A total of 252 one-day-old male broilers( Cobb 500) were divided into6 groups with 7 replicates per group and 6 birds per replicate. Broilers in the control groups were fed a corn-soybean type basal diet contained of 0.62 mg/kg chromium,and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.2,0.4,0.8,1.6 and 3.2 mg CrPro( calculated by chromium),respectively. Birds had ad libitum access to diets and distilled-deionized water for 21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) different dietary CrPro levels had no significant effects on the growth performance of broilers( P>0.05). 2) The serum contents of total cholesterol,triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly affected by different dietary CrPro levels( P > 0. 05). However,the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDLC) content was increased linearly as the dietary CrPro level increased( P < 0.05). 3) Different dietary CrPro levels did not significantly influence carcass traits and breast muscle quality of broilers( P>0.05). 4) The serum contents of immunoglobulin A( Ig A) and immunoglobulin G( IgG) of broilers were improved quadratically with the dietary CrPro level increasing( P < 0. 05),and both reached the maximum when the CrPro supplementation level was 0. 4 mg/kg.Quadratic trend response was exhibited by serum immunoglobulin( IgM) content as the dietary CrPro level increased( P = 0.057 4). 5) The immune organ indices of broilers were not significantly affected by dietary CrPro level( P>0.05). It is concluded that dietary CrPro has no significant effects on the growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of broilers fed under normal conditions for 21 days. However,with the dietary CrPro level increasing,the serum contents of IgA,IgG and IgM show quadratic change,and all three reach the maximum when the CrPro supplemental level is 0.4 mg/kg. The serum LDLC content is increased linearly by CrPro supplementation.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different supplemental levels of chromium propionate( CrPro) on the growth performance,serum lipid metabolism,carcass traits and immune function of broilers reared under normal conditions for 21 days. A total of 252 one-day-old male broilers( Cobb 500) were divided into6 groups with 7 replicates per group and 6 birds per replicate. Broilers in the control groups were fed a corn-soybean type basal diet contained of 0.62 mg/kg chromium,and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.2,0.4,0.8,1.6 and 3.2 mg CrPro( calculated by chromium),respectively. Birds had ad libitum access to diets and distilled-deionized water for 21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) different dietary CrPro levels had no significant effects on the growth performance of broilers( P>0.05). 2) The serum contents of total cholesterol,triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly affected by different dietary CrPro levels( P > 0. 05). However,the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDLC) content was increased linearly as the dietary CrPro level increased( P < 0.05). 3) Different dietary CrPro levels did not significantly influence carcass traits and breast muscle quality of broilers( P>0.05). 4) The serum contents of immunoglobulin A( Ig A) and immunoglobulin G( IgG) of broilers were improved quadratically with the dietary CrPro level increasing( P < 0. 05),and both reached the maximum when the CrPro supplementation level was 0. 4 mg/kg.Quadratic trend response was exhibited by serum immunoglobulin( IgM) content as the dietary CrPro level increased( P = 0.057 4). 5) The immune organ indices of broilers were not significantly affected by dietary CrPro level( P>0.05). It is concluded that dietary CrPro has no significant effects on the growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of broilers fed under normal conditions for 21 days. However,with the dietary CrPro level increasing,the serum contents of IgA,IgG and IgM show quadratic change,and all three reach the maximum when the CrPro supplemental level is 0.4 mg/kg. The serum LDLC content is increased linearly by CrPro supplementation.
引文
[1]VINCENT J B.The bioinorganic chemistry of chromium(Ⅲ)[J].Polyhedron,2001,20(1/2):1-26.
[2]SPEARS J W,WHISNANT C S,HUNTINGTON G B,et al.Chromium propionate enhances insulin sensitivity in growing cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(4):2037-2045.
[3]RAJALEKSHMI M,SUGUMAR C,CHIRAKKAL H,et al.Influence of chromium propionate on the carcass characteristics and immune response of commercial broiler birds under normal rearing conditions[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(3):574-580.
[4]KEGLEY E B,SPEARS J W,BROWN T T,Jr.Immune response and disease resistance of calves fed chromium nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1996,79(7):1278-1283.
[5]BORGS P,MALLARD B A.Immune-endocrine interactions in agricultural species:chromium and its effect on health and performance[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,1998,15(5):431-438.
[6]王刚,罗绪刚,刘彬,等.饲粮铬对热应激肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化特性和胴体品质的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(2):120-127.
[7]JAVED M T,ELLAHI M,ABBAS N,et al.Effects of dietary chromium chloride,nicotinic acid and copper sulphate on meat of broilers[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(3):354-360.
[8]TOGHYANI M,TOGHYANI M,SHIVAZAD M,et al.Chromium supplementation can alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on growth performance,carcass traits,and meat lipid oxidation of broiler chicks without any adverse impacts on blood constituents[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,146(2):171-180.
[9]HUANG Y L,YANG J,XIAO F,et al.Effects of supplemental chromium source and concentration on growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality of broilers under heat stress conditions[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2016,170(1):216-223.
[10]FDA.21 CFR part 573.304 Food additives permitted in feed and drinking water of animals[S].Rockville,MD:FDA,2016.
[11]CLODFELDER B J,CHANG C,VINCENT J B.Absorption of the biomimetic chromium cation triaqua-μ3-oxo-μ-hexapropionatotrichromium(Ⅲ)in rats[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2004,98(2):159-169.
[12]JACKSON A R,POWELL S,JOHNSTON S L,et al.The effect of chromium as chromium propionate on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,and the fatty acid profile of fat from pigs fed no supplemented dietary fat,choice white grease,or tallow[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(12):4032-4041.
[13]BERNHARD B C,BURDICK N C,RATHMANN R J,et al.Chromium supplementation alters both glucose and lipid metabolism in feedlot cattle during the receiving period[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(13):4857-4865.
[14]郑灿财,黄艳玲,肖芳.铬源与铬水平对常规饲养肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(8):2378-2387.
[15]SANDS J S,SMITH M O.Broilers in heat stress conditions:effects of dietary manganese proteinate or chromium picolinate supplementation[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,1999,8(3):280-287.
[16]SAHIN K,SAHIN N,KUCUK O.Effects of chromium,and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth,carcass traits,serum metabolites,and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature(32℃)[J].Nutrition Research,2003,23(2):225-238.
[17]SAMANTA S,HALDAR S,BAHADUR V,et al.Chromium picolinate can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress and enhance performance,carcass and meat traits in broiler chickens by reducing the circulatory cortisol level[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2008,88(5):787-796.
[18]ZHENG C C,HUANG Y L,XIAO F,et al.Effects of supplemental chromium source and concentration on growth,carcass characteristics,and serum lipid parameters of broilers reared under normal conditions[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2016,169(2):352-358.
[19]BROOKS M A,GRIMES J L,LLOYD K E,et al.Chromium propionate in broilers:effect on insulin sensitivity[J].Poultry Science,2016,95(5):1096-1104.
[20]邹思湘.动物生物化学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[21]罗绪刚,郭艳丽.饲粮铬对0~3周龄肉鸡生长,血清生化特性和免疫功能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1999,30(6):481-489.
[22]MOEINI M M,BAHRAMI A,GHAZI S,et al.The effect of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium supplementation on production performance,carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chicken under heat stress condition[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2011,144(1/2/3):715-724.
[23]XIAO F,AO D,ZHOU B,et al.Effects of supplemental chromium propionate on serum lipids,carcass traits,and meat quality of heat-stressed broilers[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2017,176(2):401-406.
[24]NOORI K,FARHOOMAND P,EBRAHIMZADEH S K.Effect of chromium methionine supplementation on performance and serum metabolites in broiler chickens thermoneutral and under heat-stress conditions[J].Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science,2012,2(1):79-82.
[25]LIEN T F,HORNG Y M,YANG K H.et al.Performance,serum characteristics,carcase traits and lipid metabolism of broilers as affected by supplement of chromium picolinate[J].British Poultry Science,1999,40(3):357-363.
[26]唐利华,蒋竹英,钟金凤,等.不同铬源对肉鸡生长、脏器指数及血液生化指标的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012(8):50-53.
[27]SUKSOMBAT W,KANCHANATAWEE S.Effects of various sources and levels of chromium on performance of broilers[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2005,18(11):1628-1633.
[28]蒋守群,蒋宗勇,郑春田,等.饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(24):5205-5216.
[29]STEELE N C,ROSEBROUGH R W.Effect of trivalent chromium on hepatic lipogenesis by the turkey poult[J].Poultry Science,1981,60(3):617-622.
[30]CHEN K L,LU J J,LIEN T F,et al.Effects of chromium nicotinate on performance,carcase characteristics and blood chemistry of growing turkeys[J].British Poultry Science,2001,42(3):399-404.
[31]高林青,张春善.肉鸡铬的营养研究进展[J].饲料博览,2005(10):12-14.
[32]TIAN Y Y,GONG L M,XUE J X,et al.Effects of graded levels of chromium methionine on performance,carcass traits,meat quality,fatty acid profiles of fat,tissue chromium concentrations,and antioxidant status in growingfinishing pigs[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2015,168(1):110-121.
[33]JACKSON A R,POWELL S,JOHNSTON S L,et al.The effect of chromium propionate on growth performance and carcass traits in broilers[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2008,17(4):476-481.
[34]SALES J,JAN CK F.Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on performance,carcass characteristics,and meat quality of growing-finishing swine:a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(12):4054-4067.
[35]张庆东,罗绪刚,王永军,等.铬对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(9):19-21.
[36]SPEARS J W.Micronutrients and immune function in cattle[J].Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,2000,59(4):587-594.
[37]BAHRAMI A,MOEINI M M,GHAZI S H,et al.The effect of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium supplementation on immune function of broiler chicken under heat-stress conditions[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2012,21(2):209-215.
[38]LEE D N,WU F Y,CHENG Y H,et al.Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance and immune responses of broilers[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2003,16(2):227-233.
[39]JAHANIAN R,RASOULI E.Dietary chromium methionine supplementation could alleviate immunosuppressive effects of heat stress in broiler chicks[J].Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(7):3355-3363.
[40]FALDYNA M,PECHOVA A,KREJCI J.Chromium supplementation enhances antibody response to vaccination with tetanus toxoid in cattle[J].The Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B:Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health,2003,50(7):326-331.
[41]程玉芳,孙黎,李继连,等.日粮添加三氯化铬对家兔生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2008,40(3):58-59.
[2]SPEARS J W,WHISNANT C S,HUNTINGTON G B,et al.Chromium propionate enhances insulin sensitivity in growing cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(4):2037-2045.
[3]RAJALEKSHMI M,SUGUMAR C,CHIRAKKAL H,et al.Influence of chromium propionate on the carcass characteristics and immune response of commercial broiler birds under normal rearing conditions[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(3):574-580.
[4]KEGLEY E B,SPEARS J W,BROWN T T,Jr.Immune response and disease resistance of calves fed chromium nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1996,79(7):1278-1283.
[5]BORGS P,MALLARD B A.Immune-endocrine interactions in agricultural species:chromium and its effect on health and performance[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,1998,15(5):431-438.
[6]王刚,罗绪刚,刘彬,等.饲粮铬对热应激肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化特性和胴体品质的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(2):120-127.
[7]JAVED M T,ELLAHI M,ABBAS N,et al.Effects of dietary chromium chloride,nicotinic acid and copper sulphate on meat of broilers[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(3):354-360.
[8]TOGHYANI M,TOGHYANI M,SHIVAZAD M,et al.Chromium supplementation can alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on growth performance,carcass traits,and meat lipid oxidation of broiler chicks without any adverse impacts on blood constituents[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,146(2):171-180.
[9]HUANG Y L,YANG J,XIAO F,et al.Effects of supplemental chromium source and concentration on growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality of broilers under heat stress conditions[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2016,170(1):216-223.
[10]FDA.21 CFR part 573.304 Food additives permitted in feed and drinking water of animals[S].Rockville,MD:FDA,2016.
[11]CLODFELDER B J,CHANG C,VINCENT J B.Absorption of the biomimetic chromium cation triaqua-μ3-oxo-μ-hexapropionatotrichromium(Ⅲ)in rats[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2004,98(2):159-169.
[12]JACKSON A R,POWELL S,JOHNSTON S L,et al.The effect of chromium as chromium propionate on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,and the fatty acid profile of fat from pigs fed no supplemented dietary fat,choice white grease,or tallow[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(12):4032-4041.
[13]BERNHARD B C,BURDICK N C,RATHMANN R J,et al.Chromium supplementation alters both glucose and lipid metabolism in feedlot cattle during the receiving period[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(13):4857-4865.
[14]郑灿财,黄艳玲,肖芳.铬源与铬水平对常规饲养肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(8):2378-2387.
[15]SANDS J S,SMITH M O.Broilers in heat stress conditions:effects of dietary manganese proteinate or chromium picolinate supplementation[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,1999,8(3):280-287.
[16]SAHIN K,SAHIN N,KUCUK O.Effects of chromium,and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth,carcass traits,serum metabolites,and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature(32℃)[J].Nutrition Research,2003,23(2):225-238.
[17]SAMANTA S,HALDAR S,BAHADUR V,et al.Chromium picolinate can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress and enhance performance,carcass and meat traits in broiler chickens by reducing the circulatory cortisol level[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2008,88(5):787-796.
[18]ZHENG C C,HUANG Y L,XIAO F,et al.Effects of supplemental chromium source and concentration on growth,carcass characteristics,and serum lipid parameters of broilers reared under normal conditions[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2016,169(2):352-358.
[19]BROOKS M A,GRIMES J L,LLOYD K E,et al.Chromium propionate in broilers:effect on insulin sensitivity[J].Poultry Science,2016,95(5):1096-1104.
[20]邹思湘.动物生物化学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[21]罗绪刚,郭艳丽.饲粮铬对0~3周龄肉鸡生长,血清生化特性和免疫功能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1999,30(6):481-489.
[22]MOEINI M M,BAHRAMI A,GHAZI S,et al.The effect of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium supplementation on production performance,carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chicken under heat stress condition[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2011,144(1/2/3):715-724.
[23]XIAO F,AO D,ZHOU B,et al.Effects of supplemental chromium propionate on serum lipids,carcass traits,and meat quality of heat-stressed broilers[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2017,176(2):401-406.
[24]NOORI K,FARHOOMAND P,EBRAHIMZADEH S K.Effect of chromium methionine supplementation on performance and serum metabolites in broiler chickens thermoneutral and under heat-stress conditions[J].Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science,2012,2(1):79-82.
[25]LIEN T F,HORNG Y M,YANG K H.et al.Performance,serum characteristics,carcase traits and lipid metabolism of broilers as affected by supplement of chromium picolinate[J].British Poultry Science,1999,40(3):357-363.
[26]唐利华,蒋竹英,钟金凤,等.不同铬源对肉鸡生长、脏器指数及血液生化指标的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012(8):50-53.
[27]SUKSOMBAT W,KANCHANATAWEE S.Effects of various sources and levels of chromium on performance of broilers[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2005,18(11):1628-1633.
[28]蒋守群,蒋宗勇,郑春田,等.饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(24):5205-5216.
[29]STEELE N C,ROSEBROUGH R W.Effect of trivalent chromium on hepatic lipogenesis by the turkey poult[J].Poultry Science,1981,60(3):617-622.
[30]CHEN K L,LU J J,LIEN T F,et al.Effects of chromium nicotinate on performance,carcase characteristics and blood chemistry of growing turkeys[J].British Poultry Science,2001,42(3):399-404.
[31]高林青,张春善.肉鸡铬的营养研究进展[J].饲料博览,2005(10):12-14.
[32]TIAN Y Y,GONG L M,XUE J X,et al.Effects of graded levels of chromium methionine on performance,carcass traits,meat quality,fatty acid profiles of fat,tissue chromium concentrations,and antioxidant status in growingfinishing pigs[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2015,168(1):110-121.
[33]JACKSON A R,POWELL S,JOHNSTON S L,et al.The effect of chromium propionate on growth performance and carcass traits in broilers[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2008,17(4):476-481.
[34]SALES J,JAN CK F.Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on performance,carcass characteristics,and meat quality of growing-finishing swine:a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(12):4054-4067.
[35]张庆东,罗绪刚,王永军,等.铬对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(9):19-21.
[36]SPEARS J W.Micronutrients and immune function in cattle[J].Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,2000,59(4):587-594.
[37]BAHRAMI A,MOEINI M M,GHAZI S H,et al.The effect of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium supplementation on immune function of broiler chicken under heat-stress conditions[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2012,21(2):209-215.
[38]LEE D N,WU F Y,CHENG Y H,et al.Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance and immune responses of broilers[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2003,16(2):227-233.
[39]JAHANIAN R,RASOULI E.Dietary chromium methionine supplementation could alleviate immunosuppressive effects of heat stress in broiler chicks[J].Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(7):3355-3363.
[40]FALDYNA M,PECHOVA A,KREJCI J.Chromium supplementation enhances antibody response to vaccination with tetanus toxoid in cattle[J].The Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B:Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health,2003,50(7):326-331.
[41]程玉芳,孙黎,李继连,等.日粮添加三氯化铬对家兔生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2008,40(3):58-59.