日粮中添加不同水平杜仲叶对牦牛瘤胃液体外发酵的影响
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摘要
为研究日粮中添加不同水平杜仲叶对牦牛瘤胃液体外发酵及养分降解率的影响,采用单因素试验设计,分为6个处理组,基础日粮的精粗比为50:50,分别用0%(对照组)、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%的杜仲叶替代基础日粮中的粗料,每个处理组设4个重复。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,基础日粮中添加杜仲叶培养72 h后,对总产气量(GP)、最大潜在产气量(b)、产气速率(c)、产气前停滞时间(L)和pH没有显著影响(P> 0.05);(2)与对照组相比,各试验组的干物质降解率(DMD)分别提高8.85%、9.15%、11.90%、15.47%、14.55%,粗蛋白质降解率(CPD)分别提高2.20%、4.11%、8.59%、10.72%、7.27%,中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)分别提高5.11%、7.11%、9.50%、13.31%、6.83%,酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)分别提高11.96%、15.17%、16.57%、16.57%、18.60%、11.25%。随杜仲叶添加水平的提高,日粮中DMD、CPD、NDFD和ADFD呈二次曲线变化(P <0.01),在添加量为4%时达到最大值,添加量提高到5%时,日粮中DMD、CPD、NDFD和ADFD显著降低(P <0.05);(3)与对照组相比,各试验组的NH3-N浓度分别降低4.05%、4.73%、8.68%、11.03%、12.99%,微生物菌体蛋白(MCP)浓度分别提高104.55%、204.55%、222.73%、236.36%、236.36%。瘤胃液中NH3-N浓度随杜仲叶添加水平的提高呈线性下降(P <0.01),而瘤胃液中MCP浓度随杜仲叶添加水平的提高呈二次曲线变化,添加量为1%～3%时MCP浓度显著增加(P <0.01),当添加量为3%以上时,MCP浓度呈现平台模型。综上,日粮中添加杜仲叶可以提高日粮纤维的降解率,降低瘤胃液氨态氮浓度,提高瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成,杜仲叶适宜添加量为3%～4%。
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of Eucommia ulmoides on the rumen liquid fermentation and nutrient degradation rate of yaks by in vitro rumen fermentation. This study used single factor trial design,and was divided into 6 groups with four replicates. The basic diet with the concentrate to forage ratio of 50∶50. The crude material in the basal diet was replaced by 0%(control group),1%,2%,3%,4%,5% Eucommia ulmoides leaves,respectively.The results showed as follows:(1) Compared with the control group,the basal diet supplemented with Eucommia ulmoides leaves had no influence on the total gas production(GP),asymptotic gas production(b),gas production rate(c),stagnant time before gas production(L) and pH in all groups after fermenting for 72 h;(2)Compared with the control group,the dry matter degradation rates(DMD) of treatment groups increased by 8.85%,9.15%,11.90%,15.47% and 14.55%,respectively. The crude protein degradation rates(CPD) increased by 2.20%,4.11%,8.59%,10.72%,and 7.27%,respectively. The neutral detergent fiber degradation(NDFD) increased by 5.11%,7.11%,9.50%,13.31%,and 6.83%,respectively. The acid detergent fiber degradation(ADFD) increased by 11.96%,15.17%,16.57%,16.57%,18.60%,and 11.25%,respectively.The DMD,CPD,NDFD and ADFD in the diet showed a quadratic curve(P <0.01) with the improvement of Eucommia ulmoides leaves.The DMD,CPD,NDFD and ADFD in the diet were significantly increased with the Eucommia ulmoides leaves supplementation level increased up to 4%,then significantly decreased(P < 0.05);(3) The concentrations of NH3-N in the treatment groups were decreased by4.05%,4.73%,8.68%,11.03% and 12.99%,respectively. The concentration of microbial protein(MCP)increased by 104.55%,204.55%,222.73%,236.36% and 236.36% respectively.NH3-N in rumen fluid decreased linearly with the increase of Eucommia ulmoides leaves level(P < 0.01),but the concentration of MCP in rumen fluid showed a quadratic curve change with Eucommia ulmoides leaves level increased up to 3%(P <0.05),then reached a platform. In summary,the supplementation of Eucommia ulmoides leaves in the diet could improve the degradation rate of dietary fiber,reduced the ammonia nitrogen concentration in rumen fluid,and increased the synthesis of rumen microbial protein. The suitable supplementation level of Eucommia leaves was 3% ～ 4%.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of Eucommia ulmoides on the rumen liquid fermentation and nutrient degradation rate of yaks by in vitro rumen fermentation. This study used single factor trial design,and was divided into 6 groups with four replicates. The basic diet with the concentrate to forage ratio of 50∶50. The crude material in the basal diet was replaced by 0%(control group),1%,2%,3%,4%,5% Eucommia ulmoides leaves,respectively.The results showed as follows:(1) Compared with the control group,the basal diet supplemented with Eucommia ulmoides leaves had no influence on the total gas production(GP),asymptotic gas production(b),gas production rate(c),stagnant time before gas production(L) and pH in all groups after fermenting for 72 h;(2)Compared with the control group,the dry matter degradation rates(DMD) of treatment groups increased by 8.85%,9.15%,11.90%,15.47% and 14.55%,respectively. The crude protein degradation rates(CPD) increased by 2.20%,4.11%,8.59%,10.72%,and 7.27%,respectively. The neutral detergent fiber degradation(NDFD) increased by 5.11%,7.11%,9.50%,13.31%,and 6.83%,respectively. The acid detergent fiber degradation(ADFD) increased by 11.96%,15.17%,16.57%,16.57%,18.60%,and 11.25%,respectively.The DMD,CPD,NDFD and ADFD in the diet showed a quadratic curve(P <0.01) with the improvement of Eucommia ulmoides leaves.The DMD,CPD,NDFD and ADFD in the diet were significantly increased with the Eucommia ulmoides leaves supplementation level increased up to 4%,then significantly decreased(P < 0.05);(3) The concentrations of NH3-N in the treatment groups were decreased by4.05%,4.73%,8.68%,11.03% and 12.99%,respectively. The concentration of microbial protein(MCP)increased by 104.55%,204.55%,222.73%,236.36% and 236.36% respectively.NH3-N in rumen fluid decreased linearly with the increase of Eucommia ulmoides leaves level(P < 0.01),but the concentration of MCP in rumen fluid showed a quadratic curve change with Eucommia ulmoides leaves level increased up to 3%(P <0.05),then reached a platform. In summary,the supplementation of Eucommia ulmoides leaves in the diet could improve the degradation rate of dietary fiber,reduced the ammonia nitrogen concentration in rumen fluid,and increased the synthesis of rumen microbial protein. The suitable supplementation level of Eucommia leaves was 3% ～ 4%.
引文
[1]陈光吉,彭忠利,宋善丹,等.发酵酒糟对舍饲牦牛生产性能、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2920~2927.
[2]陈亮,任傲,李斌,等.植物乳杆菌对玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆体外发酵特性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):678~689.
[3]董金金,高艳霞,李妍,等.酵母多糖对哺乳犊牛瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(6):1549~1555.
[4]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,6:37.
[5]黄雅莉,邹彩霞,韦升菊,等.体外产气法研究半胱胺对水牛瘤胃发酵参数和甲烷产量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):125~133.
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[8]刘彩娟,孙满吉,孙金艳,等.饲粮中添加复合益生菌对奶牛瘤胃发酵及纤维素酶活的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,5:821~827.
[9]马艳艳,成艳芬,朱伟云.体外发酵法评价不同产地、不同茬次苜蓿的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2421~2432.
[10]孟梅娟,涂远璐,白云峰,等.小麦秸与非常规饲料组合效应的研究[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):3005~3014.
[11]唐瑶,陈洋,李普庆.杜仲叶的生理功能及饲养效果研究进展[J].江西饲料,2014,5:13~16.
[12]赵滢,柳亚茹.杜仲的主要成份及其在畜牧生产中的应用进展[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2014,33(6):92~95.
[13]张丽英.饲料分析及质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[14]赵慧娟,赵广永.接种不同的瘤胃液与缓冲液比例对短期人工瘤胃发酵产气量及p H值的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(5):39~41.
[15] France J,Dijkstra J,Dhanoa M S,et al. Estimating the extent of degradation of ruminant feeds from a description of their gas production profiles observed in vitro:derivation of models and other mathematical considerations[J].Brit wash Journal of Nutrition,2000,83(2):143~150.
[16] Menke KH,Steingass H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J]. AnimResDev,1988,28(1):7~55.
[17] Makkar H P S,Sharma O P,Dawra RK,et al.Simple determination of microbialprotein in rumenliquor[J].JournalofDairy Science,1982,65(11):2170~2173
[18] Murphy J J,Kennelly J J.Effect of protein concentration and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70(9):1841.
[19] NagarajaTG,Titgemeyer E C.Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle:the current microbiological and nutritional outlook[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90:17~38.
[2]陈亮,任傲,李斌,等.植物乳杆菌对玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆体外发酵特性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):678~689.
[3]董金金,高艳霞,李妍,等.酵母多糖对哺乳犊牛瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(6):1549~1555.
[4]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,6:37.
[5]黄雅莉,邹彩霞,韦升菊,等.体外产气法研究半胱胺对水牛瘤胃发酵参数和甲烷产量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):125~133.
[6]梁松琼,罗来保.杜仲在畜牧业中的应用[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2015,39(3):32~34.
[7]李新,冀连斌,王聪,等.产酶益生素对西门塔尔牛瘤胃液p H及氨态氮浓度的影响[J].中国饲料,2012,5:24~28.
[8]刘彩娟,孙满吉,孙金艳,等.饲粮中添加复合益生菌对奶牛瘤胃发酵及纤维素酶活的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,5:821~827.
[9]马艳艳,成艳芬,朱伟云.体外发酵法评价不同产地、不同茬次苜蓿的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2421~2432.
[10]孟梅娟,涂远璐,白云峰,等.小麦秸与非常规饲料组合效应的研究[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):3005~3014.
[11]唐瑶,陈洋,李普庆.杜仲叶的生理功能及饲养效果研究进展[J].江西饲料,2014,5:13~16.
[12]赵滢,柳亚茹.杜仲的主要成份及其在畜牧生产中的应用进展[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2014,33(6):92~95.
[13]张丽英.饲料分析及质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[14]赵慧娟,赵广永.接种不同的瘤胃液与缓冲液比例对短期人工瘤胃发酵产气量及p H值的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(5):39~41.
[15] France J,Dijkstra J,Dhanoa M S,et al. Estimating the extent of degradation of ruminant feeds from a description of their gas production profiles observed in vitro:derivation of models and other mathematical considerations[J].Brit wash Journal of Nutrition,2000,83(2):143~150.
[16] Menke KH,Steingass H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J]. AnimResDev,1988,28(1):7~55.
[17] Makkar H P S,Sharma O P,Dawra RK,et al.Simple determination of microbialprotein in rumenliquor[J].JournalofDairy Science,1982,65(11):2170~2173
[18] Murphy J J,Kennelly J J.Effect of protein concentration and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70(9):1841.
[19] NagarajaTG,Titgemeyer E C.Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle:the current microbiological and nutritional outlook[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90:17~38.