优秀游泳运动员心脏形态及功能的超声心动图特征
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摘要
目的:探讨上海游泳队优秀游泳运动员心脏形态及功能特点。方法:运用超声心动图技术分析32名优秀游泳运动员(男12人,女20人)和40名普通人(男20人,女20人)的心脏形态结构与功能。结果 :优秀游泳运动员的主动脉根部内径(AoD)、左房前后径(LAAPD)、左室舒张末期前后径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期前后径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVSd)、左室舒张末期后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左室心肌重量(LVM)、左室心肌质量指数(LVMI)均大于普通人群(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,且左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末容积(LVESV)均显著高于普通人群(P<0.05),左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室缩短分数(LVFS)低于普通人群,男子组有显著差异(P<0.05),而女子组无明显差异(P>0.05)。男女运动员左室每搏输出量(LVSV)均显著高于普通人群(P<0.05),而左室心输出量(LVCO)与普通人群无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:上海优秀游泳运动员心脏发生耐力力量型生理性重塑,心脏泵血功能显著增强,具有较强的心力贮备,可作为优秀游泳运动员选拔的重要参考指标。
Objective:To assess the cardiac structure and function of elite swimmers in Shanghai Swimming Team.Subjects and methods:Echocardiography was used to study the cardiac structure and function of 32 elite swimmers(12 males and 20 females) and 40 ordinary people(20 males and20 females).Results:The AOD,LAAPD,LVEDD,LVESD,IVSD,LVPWD,LVM,LVMI of elite swimmers were all better than the general population(P<0.05),the difference being statistically significant.The LVEDV and LVESV were significantly higher than the general population(P<0.05),while the LVEF and LVFS were lower than the general population.Moreover,there was significant difference in the male group(P<0.05),but not in the female group(P>0.05).The LVSV of both male and female athletes was significantly higher than that of the general population(P<0.05),while the LVCO was not significantly different from that of the general population(P>0.05).Conclusion:The hearts of the elite swimmers in Shanghai were physiologically remodeled with endurance and strength.Their cardiac function was significantly enhanced with a strong heart rate reserve.These indexes can be used to draft elite swimmers.
Objective:To assess the cardiac structure and function of elite swimmers in Shanghai Swimming Team.Subjects and methods:Echocardiography was used to study the cardiac structure and function of 32 elite swimmers(12 males and 20 females) and 40 ordinary people(20 males and20 females).Results:The AOD,LAAPD,LVEDD,LVESD,IVSD,LVPWD,LVM,LVMI of elite swimmers were all better than the general population(P<0.05),the difference being statistically significant.The LVEDV and LVESV were significantly higher than the general population(P<0.05),while the LVEF and LVFS were lower than the general population.Moreover,there was significant difference in the male group(P<0.05),but not in the female group(P>0.05).The LVSV of both male and female athletes was significantly higher than that of the general population(P<0.05),while the LVCO was not significantly different from that of the general population(P>0.05).Conclusion:The hearts of the elite swimmers in Shanghai were physiologically remodeled with endurance and strength.Their cardiac function was significantly enhanced with a strong heart rate reserve.These indexes can be used to draft elite swimmers.
引文
[1]胡小琴,马云.优秀耐力、力量项目运动员心脏形态功能特点[J].中国运动医学杂志,2008,27(6):732-734.
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[3]马继政,孙飙,薛莲.超声心动图评价运动员心脏的研究进展[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2003,2(3):76-80.
[4]浦钧宗.运动员心脏的研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,1993,12(2):89.
[5]魏红,史红霞.山东省游泳、铁人三项运动员超声心动图检查的研究[J].山东体育科技,2015,37(1):74-78.
[6]马云.超声心动图在运动医学中的应用[J].中国运动医学杂志,2001,20(2):190-193.
[7]隋文杰,邱华丽,王学峰.对游泳专项运动特征的研究[J].湖北体育科技,2010,29(4):444-446.
[8]杜亚雯,刘兆林.优秀女子举重运动员心脏超声心动图评价[J].湖北体育科技,2006,25(3):277-278.
[9]刘欣,刘路,吴向军,等.超声心动图在运动员心脏研究中的应用[J].体育科研,2009,30(6):67-69.
[10]沈勋章.青少年选材十大敏感窗口期研究[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,2017:436-437.
[2]李琴,徐凯.江苏省游泳队部分运动员心脏形态和心肺功能的研究[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2013,12(1):67-71.
[3]马继政,孙飙,薛莲.超声心动图评价运动员心脏的研究进展[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2003,2(3):76-80.
[4]浦钧宗.运动员心脏的研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,1993,12(2):89.
[5]魏红,史红霞.山东省游泳、铁人三项运动员超声心动图检查的研究[J].山东体育科技,2015,37(1):74-78.
[6]马云.超声心动图在运动医学中的应用[J].中国运动医学杂志,2001,20(2):190-193.
[7]隋文杰,邱华丽,王学峰.对游泳专项运动特征的研究[J].湖北体育科技,2010,29(4):444-446.
[8]杜亚雯,刘兆林.优秀女子举重运动员心脏超声心动图评价[J].湖北体育科技,2006,25(3):277-278.
[9]刘欣,刘路,吴向军,等.超声心动图在运动员心脏研究中的应用[J].体育科研,2009,30(6):67-69.
[10]沈勋章.青少年选材十大敏感窗口期研究[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,2017:436-437.