东北七鳃鳗早期发育研究
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摘要
通过开展东北七鳃鳗(Lampetra morii)胚胎、卵黄囊期仔鱼和幼鱼发育研究,系统地描述东北七鳃鳗的早期发育形态特征和生长发育规律。研究结果表明:东北七鳃鳗的卵裂为全裂类型,在(18±1)℃水温下,受精卵经卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、头凸期、孵出前期以及孵出期,历时11—12d孵育出仔鱼。初孵仔鱼体重为(0.00032±0.00002) g,全长为(0.29±0.02) cm。在卵黄囊期内,仔鱼体重和全长随日龄的增加而增长,吻长、眼径、眼鳃间距、口笠长、鳃前长、鳃长、头长、体长、尾长和泄殖孔长均存在异速生长现象。初孵仔鱼经过约15d(卵黄囊期)发育成幼鱼,幼鱼卵黄囊完全吸收,消化道贯通,形成肠道,开始摄食。在幼鱼期,经5个月的培育,幼鱼体重和全长随月龄的增加而增长,体色逐渐加深, 5月龄幼鱼的体重和全长分别为(0.07±0.01) g和(3.87±0.32) cm。东北七鳃鳗的早期发育研究为七鳃鳗发育生物学积累基础资料,同时也为七鳃鳗的人工增养殖提供了科学依据,推进七鳃鳗的模式化进程。
Lamprey is of considerable model organism to subject of vertebrate evolution and developmental biology.The current study investigated the morphological characteristics and the growth pattern of embryos, yolk-sac larva and ammocoate of Lampetra morii. The results indicated that the cleavage of lamprey zygote was holoblastic cleavage and the embryology had been subdivided into cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neural plate and groove, head protrusion, prehatching and hatching. The newly-hatched larva breaks through the fertilization membrane at 11—12 day-post-fertilization at water temperature of(18±1)℃. The newly-hatched larva had body weight with(0.00032±0.00002) g and total length with(0.29±0.02) cm. During yolk-sac stage, the body weight and total length of larva generally increased over time. The snout length, eye length, postocular length, disc length, prebranchial length, branchial length, head length,trunk length, tail length and cloacal slit length exhibited allometric growth. The ammocoete stage reached when yolk extruded from the anus and the digestive tract completed at 15 day-post-hatch. In 5 months after hatching, the body weight and total length of ammocoete generally increased over time. The melanophores were extensively distributed and increased in ammocoete. The 5-momth old ammocoete had body weight of(0.07±0.01) g and total length of(3.87±0.32) cm. The early development of L. morii is the basic data for artificial culture and developmental biology,which is the basis for the model organism.
Lamprey is of considerable model organism to subject of vertebrate evolution and developmental biology.The current study investigated the morphological characteristics and the growth pattern of embryos, yolk-sac larva and ammocoate of Lampetra morii. The results indicated that the cleavage of lamprey zygote was holoblastic cleavage and the embryology had been subdivided into cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neural plate and groove, head protrusion, prehatching and hatching. The newly-hatched larva breaks through the fertilization membrane at 11—12 day-post-fertilization at water temperature of(18±1)℃. The newly-hatched larva had body weight with(0.00032±0.00002) g and total length with(0.29±0.02) cm. During yolk-sac stage, the body weight and total length of larva generally increased over time. The snout length, eye length, postocular length, disc length, prebranchial length, branchial length, head length,trunk length, tail length and cloacal slit length exhibited allometric growth. The ammocoete stage reached when yolk extruded from the anus and the digestive tract completed at 15 day-post-hatch. In 5 months after hatching, the body weight and total length of ammocoete generally increased over time. The melanophores were extensively distributed and increased in ammocoete. The 5-momth old ammocoete had body weight of(0.07±0.01) g and total length of(3.87±0.32) cm. The early development of L. morii is the basic data for artificial culture and developmental biology,which is the basis for the model organism.
引文
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[23]Li J.Research platform for micromanipulation of gene expression in lamprey and transcriptional analysis of L-HMGB1,LIP and VLRB knockdown[D].Dalian:Liaoning Normal University.2018[李军.七鳃鳗基因操作平台建立及沉默L-HMGB1、LIP和VLRB基因比较转录组分析.大连:辽宁师范大学.2018]
[24]Solomon F N,Rodrigues D,Gon?alves E J,et al.Larval development and allometric growth of the black-faced blenny Tripterygion delaisi[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2017,90(6):2239-2254
[25]Kupren K,Tr?bska I,?arski D,et al.Early development and allometric growth patterns in burbot Lota lota L.[J].Aquaculture International,2014,22(1):29-39
[2]Forey P,Janvier P.Agnathans and the origin of jawed vertebrates[J].Nature,1993,361:129-134
[3]Richardson M K,Admiraal J,Wright G M.Developmental anatomy of lampreys[J].Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,2010,85(1):1-33
[4]Richardson M K,Wright G M.Developmental transformations in a normal series of embryos of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus(Linnaeus)[J].Journal of Morphology,2003,257(3):348-363
[5]Damas H.Recherches sur le developpment de Lampetra fluviatilis[J].Archives de Biology,1944,55:1-284
[6]Piavis G W.Embryological stages in the sea lamprey and effects of temperature on development[J].U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Bull,1961,61:111-143
[7]Yamazaki Y,Fukutomi N,Takeda K,et al.Embryonic development of the pacific lamprey,Entosphenus tridentatus[J].Zoological Science,2003,20(9):1095-1098
[8]Li J,Han Y L,Xu L,et al.Embryological stages and allometric growth during yolk sac larvae of Lampetra japonica(Martens)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(6):1207-1217[李军,韩英伦,徐磊,等.日本七鳃鳗胚胎发育及卵黄囊期仔鱼的异速生长.水生生物学报,2017,41(6):1207-1217]
[9]Nikitina N,Bronner-Fraser M,Sauka-Spengler T.Culturing lamprey embryos[J].Cold Spring Harbor Protocol,2009,(1):pdb.prot5122
[10]Nikitina N,Bronner-Fraser M,Sauka-Spengler T.Microinjection of RNA and morpholino oligos into lamprey embryos[J].Cold Spring Harbor Protocol,2009,(1):pdb.prot5123
[11]Jolley J C,Uh C T,Silver G S,et al.Feeding and growth of larval pacific lamprey reared in captivity[J].North American Journal of Aquaculture,2015,77(4):449-459
[12]Zang C X,Cai L,Li J Q,et al.Preparation of the China Biodiversity Red List and its significance for biodiversity conservation within China[J].Biodiversity Science,2016,24(5):610-614[臧春鑫,蔡蕾,李佳琦,等.《中国生物多样性红色名录》的制定及其对生物多样性保护的意义.生物多样性,2016,24(5):610-614]
[13]Xie Y H,Li W K,Xie H.Freshwater Fishes in Northeast Region of China[M].Shenyang:Liaoning Science and Technology Press.2007,1-7[解玉浩,李文宽,解涵.东北地区淡水鱼类.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社.2007,1-7]
[14]Li J,Dong Y,Han Y,et al.Mathematical analysis of effects of morphometric attribute on body weight of Lampetra morii and Lampetra japonica[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2017,39(4):61-71[李军,董彦娇,韩英伦,等.东北七鳃鳗和日本七鳃鳗成体形态性状对体质量的影响分析.海洋学报,2017,39(4):61-71]
[15]Renaud C B.Lampreys of the world:An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lamprey species known to date[A].In:FAO Species Catalogue.Fao Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes,No.5[C].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.2011,78-81
[16]Docker M F.Lampreys:Biology,Conservation and Control[M].Springer Netherlands.2015,75-124
[17]Smith A J,Howell J H,Piavis G W.Comparative embryology of five species of lampreys of the upper great lakes[J].Copeia,1968,(3):461-469
[18]Langille R M,Hall B K.Artificial fertilization,rearing,and timing of stages of embryonic development of the anadromous sea lamprey,Petromyzon marinus L.[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1988,66(2):549-554
[19]Tahara Y.Normal stages of development in the lamprey,Lampetra reissneri(Dybowski)[J].Zoological Science,1988,5(1):109-118
[20]Gross M R.Evolution of diadromy in fishes[J].American Fisheries Society Symposium,1987,1:14-25
[21]Yamazaki Y,Konno S,Goto A.Interspecific differences in egg size and fecundity among Japanese lampreys[J].Fisheries Science,2001,67(2):375-377
[22]Qu S H,Li J Y,Huang Z,et al.Animal Embryology[M].Beijing:People’s Education Press.1980,179-271[曲漱惠,李嘉泳,黄浙,等.动物胚胎学.北京:人民教育出版社.1980,179-271]
[23]Li J.Research platform for micromanipulation of gene expression in lamprey and transcriptional analysis of L-HMGB1,LIP and VLRB knockdown[D].Dalian:Liaoning Normal University.2018[李军.七鳃鳗基因操作平台建立及沉默L-HMGB1、LIP和VLRB基因比较转录组分析.大连:辽宁师范大学.2018]
[24]Solomon F N,Rodrigues D,Gon?alves E J,et al.Larval development and allometric growth of the black-faced blenny Tripterygion delaisi[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2017,90(6):2239-2254
[25]Kupren K,Tr?bska I,?arski D,et al.Early development and allometric growth patterns in burbot Lota lota L.[J].Aquaculture International,2014,22(1):29-39