审计师声誉、行业专长与审计定价
|
摘要
审计定价是一个受到审计领域研究者广泛关注的问题。文章利用2012-2014年我国沪深两市上市公司的审计收费及相关财务指标的面板数据,实证考察审计师声誉、行业专长与审计定价的关系,结果表明:审计师声誉、行业专长均与审计收费正相关,其中,审计师声誉溢价约为89.89%,按市场份额及客户数量认定的审计师行业专长溢价分别为10.08%、4.7%;进一步的分组研究表明,国际四大中行业专长的作用不显著,而非国际四大中行业专长的作用显著,两种方法认定的行业专长、审计师专长溢价分别为8.87%、2.4%。文章结论对引导我国事务所实施"做强做大"、"做精做专"战略,形成品牌声誉,发展行业专长,提升核心竞争力有重要意义。
Audit pricing is a problem that is widely concerned by researchers in the audit field.This paper studies the relation between auditor reputation,industry specialization and audit pricing,based on data of the financial indicators for listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2014.The results indicate a positive correlation between audit pricing with auditor's reputation and industry specialization.The premium of auditor reputation is around 89.89% while the premium of industry specialization measured by market share and the number of customers is 10.08% and 4.7% respectively.A further grouping study shows that industry specialization does not play a significant part in audit pricing of the Big 4 while it has a greater significance to other auditing firms,with its premium measured by market share and the number of customers reaching 8.87% and 2.4% respectively.The conclusions of this paper are of significance in guiding auditors to develop strategies that facilitate their growth and improve their industry specialization,as well as to shape brand reputation and enhance competitiveness.
Audit pricing is a problem that is widely concerned by researchers in the audit field.This paper studies the relation between auditor reputation,industry specialization and audit pricing,based on data of the financial indicators for listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2014.The results indicate a positive correlation between audit pricing with auditor's reputation and industry specialization.The premium of auditor reputation is around 89.89% while the premium of industry specialization measured by market share and the number of customers is 10.08% and 4.7% respectively.A further grouping study shows that industry specialization does not play a significant part in audit pricing of the Big 4 while it has a greater significance to other auditing firms,with its premium measured by market share and the number of customers reaching 8.87% and 2.4% respectively.The conclusions of this paper are of significance in guiding auditors to develop strategies that facilitate their growth and improve their industry specialization,as well as to shape brand reputation and enhance competitiveness.
引文
[1]伍丽娜,戚务君.高级审计学:实证视野下的审计研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2013:81.
[2] Simunic D A.The pricing of audit serves:theory and evidence[J].Journal of Accounting Research,1980,18(1):161-190.
[3] DeAngelo L E.Auditor independence,“low balling”,and disclosure regulation[J].Journal of Accounting and Economics,1981,3(2):113-127.
[4]李爽,吴溪.监管信号、风险评价与审计定价:来自审计师变更的证据[J].审计研究,2004(1):13-18.
[5]刘斌,叶建中,廖莹毅.我国上市公司审计收费影响因素的实证研究——沪深市2001年报的经验证据[J].审计研究,2003(1):44-47.
[6]田利辉,刘霞.国际“四大”的品牌溢价和我国上市公司的审计收费[J].中国会计评论,2013(1):55-70.
[7]吴联生,刘慧龙.中国审计实证研究:1999-2007[J].审计研究,2008(2):36-46.
[8]漆江娜,陈慧霖,张阳.事务所规模·品牌·价格与审计质量——国际“四大”中国审计市场收费与质量研究[J].审计研究,2004(3):59-65.
[9]王善平,李斌.我国上市公司审计收费影响因素的实证分析——来自深市上市公司的经验证据[J].财经理论与实践,2004(2):68-71.
[10]朱小平,余谦.我国审计收费影响因素之实证分析[J].中国会计评论,2004(2):393-408.
[11]伍利娜.审计定价影响因素研究——来自中国上市公司首次审计费用披露的证据[J].中国会计评论,2003(5):113-128.
[12] Weigelt K,Camerer C.Reputation and corporate strategy:a review of recent theory and applications[J].1988,9(5):443-454.
[13]Kreps D M,Wilson R.Reputation and imperfect information[J].Journal of Economic Theory,1999,27(2):253-279.
[14]Hall R.The strategic analysis of intangible resources[J].Strategic Management Journal,1992,13(2):135-144.
[15]Francis J R.The effect of audit firm size on audit prices:a study of the australian market[J].Journal of Accounting&Economics,1984,6(2):133.
[16]Craswell A T,Francis J R,Taylor S L.Auditor brand name reputations and industry specializations[J].Journal of Accounting and Economics,1995,20(3):297-322.
[17]DeFond M L,Francis J R,Wong T J.Auditor industry specialization and market segmentation:evidence from Hong Kong[J].A Journal of Practice&Theory,2000,19(1):49-66.
[18]Ferguson A,Stokes D.Brand name audit pricing,industry specialization,and leadership premiums postBig 8and Big 6mergers[J].Contemporary Accounting Research,2002,19(1):77-110.
[19]Palmrose.Audit fees and auditor size:further evidence[J].Journal of Accounting and Research:Spring,1986,24(2):97-110.
[20]Zeff S A,Foesum R L.An analysis of large audit clients[J].The Accounting Review,1967,42(2):298-320.
[21]Yardley J A,Kauffman N L,Cairney T D,et al.Supplier behavior in the U.S.audit market[J].Journal of Accounting Literature,1992(11):151.
[22]Neal T L,Riley R R.Auditor industry specialist research design[J].A Journal of Practice&Theory,2004,23(2):169-177.
[23]Zerni M.Audit partner specialization and audit fees:some evidence from sweden[J].Contemporary Accounting Research,2012,29(1):312.
[24]Basioudis I G,Francis J.Big 4audit fee premiums for national and office-level industry leadership in the united kingdom[J].A Journal of Practice Theory,2007(26):143-166.
[25]Francis J R,Reichelt K,Wang D.The pricing of national and city-specific reputations for industry expertise in the U.S.audit[J].The Accounting Review,2005,80(1):113-136.
[26]夏立军.审计师行业专长与审计市场研究综述及启示[J].外国经济与管理,2004(7):39-44.
[27]刘文军,米莉,傅倞轩.审计师行业专长与审计质量——来自财务舞弊公司的经验证据[J].审计研究,2010(1):47-54.
[28]韩洪灵,陈汉文.会计师事务所的行业专门化是一种有效的竞争战略吗?——来自中国审计市场的经验证据[J].审计研究,2008(1):53-60.
[29]张睿,田高良.会计师事务所行业专长、行业同质性与审计费用——基于地方层面的考察[J].山西财经大学学报,2016(6):101-113.
[30]陈胜蓝,马慧.竞争压力、规模经济性与会计师事务所行业专长溢价[J].会计研究,2015(5):87-93.
[31]Nagy A L.Audit partner specialization and audit fees[J].Managerial Auditing Journal,2014,29(6):513-526.
[32]Fung S Y K,Gul F A,Krishnan J.City-level auditor industry specialization,economies of scale,and audit pricing[J].The Accounting Review,2012,87(4):1281-1307.
[33]Ferguson A C,Francis J R,Stokes D J.What matters in audit pricing:industry specialization or overall market leadership?[J].Accounting and Finance,2006,46(1):97-106.
(1)国际大型会计师事务所的简称,目前国际“四大”特指普华永道(PWC)、毕马威(KPMG)、德勤(DTT)和安永(EY),在我国境内都有合作所。
[2] Simunic D A.The pricing of audit serves:theory and evidence[J].Journal of Accounting Research,1980,18(1):161-190.
[3] DeAngelo L E.Auditor independence,“low balling”,and disclosure regulation[J].Journal of Accounting and Economics,1981,3(2):113-127.
[4]李爽,吴溪.监管信号、风险评价与审计定价:来自审计师变更的证据[J].审计研究,2004(1):13-18.
[5]刘斌,叶建中,廖莹毅.我国上市公司审计收费影响因素的实证研究——沪深市2001年报的经验证据[J].审计研究,2003(1):44-47.
[6]田利辉,刘霞.国际“四大”的品牌溢价和我国上市公司的审计收费[J].中国会计评论,2013(1):55-70.
[7]吴联生,刘慧龙.中国审计实证研究:1999-2007[J].审计研究,2008(2):36-46.
[8]漆江娜,陈慧霖,张阳.事务所规模·品牌·价格与审计质量——国际“四大”中国审计市场收费与质量研究[J].审计研究,2004(3):59-65.
[9]王善平,李斌.我国上市公司审计收费影响因素的实证分析——来自深市上市公司的经验证据[J].财经理论与实践,2004(2):68-71.
[10]朱小平,余谦.我国审计收费影响因素之实证分析[J].中国会计评论,2004(2):393-408.
[11]伍利娜.审计定价影响因素研究——来自中国上市公司首次审计费用披露的证据[J].中国会计评论,2003(5):113-128.
[12] Weigelt K,Camerer C.Reputation and corporate strategy:a review of recent theory and applications[J].1988,9(5):443-454.
[13]Kreps D M,Wilson R.Reputation and imperfect information[J].Journal of Economic Theory,1999,27(2):253-279.
[14]Hall R.The strategic analysis of intangible resources[J].Strategic Management Journal,1992,13(2):135-144.
[15]Francis J R.The effect of audit firm size on audit prices:a study of the australian market[J].Journal of Accounting&Economics,1984,6(2):133.
[16]Craswell A T,Francis J R,Taylor S L.Auditor brand name reputations and industry specializations[J].Journal of Accounting and Economics,1995,20(3):297-322.
[17]DeFond M L,Francis J R,Wong T J.Auditor industry specialization and market segmentation:evidence from Hong Kong[J].A Journal of Practice&Theory,2000,19(1):49-66.
[18]Ferguson A,Stokes D.Brand name audit pricing,industry specialization,and leadership premiums postBig 8and Big 6mergers[J].Contemporary Accounting Research,2002,19(1):77-110.
[19]Palmrose.Audit fees and auditor size:further evidence[J].Journal of Accounting and Research:Spring,1986,24(2):97-110.
[20]Zeff S A,Foesum R L.An analysis of large audit clients[J].The Accounting Review,1967,42(2):298-320.
[21]Yardley J A,Kauffman N L,Cairney T D,et al.Supplier behavior in the U.S.audit market[J].Journal of Accounting Literature,1992(11):151.
[22]Neal T L,Riley R R.Auditor industry specialist research design[J].A Journal of Practice&Theory,2004,23(2):169-177.
[23]Zerni M.Audit partner specialization and audit fees:some evidence from sweden[J].Contemporary Accounting Research,2012,29(1):312.
[24]Basioudis I G,Francis J.Big 4audit fee premiums for national and office-level industry leadership in the united kingdom[J].A Journal of Practice Theory,2007(26):143-166.
[25]Francis J R,Reichelt K,Wang D.The pricing of national and city-specific reputations for industry expertise in the U.S.audit[J].The Accounting Review,2005,80(1):113-136.
[26]夏立军.审计师行业专长与审计市场研究综述及启示[J].外国经济与管理,2004(7):39-44.
[27]刘文军,米莉,傅倞轩.审计师行业专长与审计质量——来自财务舞弊公司的经验证据[J].审计研究,2010(1):47-54.
[28]韩洪灵,陈汉文.会计师事务所的行业专门化是一种有效的竞争战略吗?——来自中国审计市场的经验证据[J].审计研究,2008(1):53-60.
[29]张睿,田高良.会计师事务所行业专长、行业同质性与审计费用——基于地方层面的考察[J].山西财经大学学报,2016(6):101-113.
[30]陈胜蓝,马慧.竞争压力、规模经济性与会计师事务所行业专长溢价[J].会计研究,2015(5):87-93.
[31]Nagy A L.Audit partner specialization and audit fees[J].Managerial Auditing Journal,2014,29(6):513-526.
[32]Fung S Y K,Gul F A,Krishnan J.City-level auditor industry specialization,economies of scale,and audit pricing[J].The Accounting Review,2012,87(4):1281-1307.
[33]Ferguson A C,Francis J R,Stokes D J.What matters in audit pricing:industry specialization or overall market leadership?[J].Accounting and Finance,2006,46(1):97-106.
(1)国际大型会计师事务所的简称,目前国际“四大”特指普华永道(PWC)、毕马威(KPMG)、德勤(DTT)和安永(EY),在我国境内都有合作所。