景区情境因素对游客环境行为意愿影响研究——以西溪国家湿地公园为例
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摘要
采用实证方法,研究景区情境因素对游客环境行为意愿的影响程度。以西溪国家湿地公园为典型案例,从实践、消费、说服和生态管理4方面,设置游客环境行为意愿指标;从设施、氛围、自然环境、服务质量和管理政策5方面,设置景区情境指标;利用对游客进行问卷调查获取的数据,分析游客环境行为意愿的表现和景区情境因素对其产生的影响。研究结果表明,游览西溪国家湿地公园的游客具有较强烈的实践型环境保护行为意愿,对身边人员说服型环境行为意愿同样较强,生态管理环境行为意愿受到实施行为本身的阻力和难度限制,行为越简单则意愿越强烈,消费型环境行为意愿相对不明显;同时,景区情境因素与游客环境行为意愿显著相关,不同环境行为意愿的情境影响因素及重要性程度略有差异。
This article adopted the empirical method to study on the influence of scenic situation factors to environmental behavior intention of tourists. Taking Xixi National Wetland Park as a typical research area, this article set the index of environmental behavior intention of tourists from 4 aspects: practice, consumption, persuasion, ecological management; set scenic situation context index from 5 aspects: the scenic facilities, atmosphere, natural environment, service quality, management policies. In order to analyze the performance of environmental behavior intention of tourists and the influence of scenic situation factors on it, this article obtained the required data by the questionnaire of tourists. The results showed that tourists had a strong practical environmental protection behavior intention and also had the stronger persuasive environmental behavior intention on the people around them. The intention of ecological management environmental behavior was limited by the resistance and difficulty of the implementation behavior, the simpler the behavior, the stronger the consuming environment behavior intention was not obvious. At the same time, the scenic situation factors were significantly correlated with the environmental behavior intention of tourists, and the situational factors and importance of different environmental behavior intention were slightly different.
This article adopted the empirical method to study on the influence of scenic situation factors to environmental behavior intention of tourists. Taking Xixi National Wetland Park as a typical research area, this article set the index of environmental behavior intention of tourists from 4 aspects: practice, consumption, persuasion, ecological management; set scenic situation context index from 5 aspects: the scenic facilities, atmosphere, natural environment, service quality, management policies. In order to analyze the performance of environmental behavior intention of tourists and the influence of scenic situation factors on it, this article obtained the required data by the questionnaire of tourists. The results showed that tourists had a strong practical environmental protection behavior intention and also had the stronger persuasive environmental behavior intention on the people around them. The intention of ecological management environmental behavior was limited by the resistance and difficulty of the implementation behavior, the simpler the behavior, the stronger the consuming environment behavior intention was not obvious. At the same time, the scenic situation factors were significantly correlated with the environmental behavior intention of tourists, and the situational factors and importance of different environmental behavior intention were slightly different.
引文
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[24]Borgstede C, Biel A. Pro-environmental behavior:Situational barriers and concern for the good at stake[J]. Goteborg Psychological Reports, 2002, 3232:1-10.
[25]Chan R Y K. Determinants of Chinese consumers’green purchase behavior[J]. Psychology and Marketing, 2000, 1818(4):389.
[26]Martin S. Hector Ignacio A. Exploring the cognitive-affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in its formation[J]. Tourism Management, 2008, 2929:263-277.
[27]王凤.公众参与环保行为影响因素的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2009, 1818(6):30-35.
[28]Imran S, Alam K, Beaumont N. Environmental orientations and environmental behavior:Perceptions of protected area tourism stakeholders[J]. Tourism Management, 2014, 4040:290-299.
[29]郭彬.大学生环境意识与环境行为关系研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2009.
[30]Smith-Sebasto N J, D’Acosta A. Designing a Likert-type scale to predict environmentally responsible behavior in undergraduate[J]. Journal of Environmental Education, 1995, 2727(1):14-21.
[2]Poortinga W, Steg L, Vlek C. Values, environmental concern, and environmental behavior:A study into household energy use[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2004, 366(l):70-93.
[3]Gatersleben B, Steg L, Vlek C. Measurement and determinants of environmentally significant consumer behavior[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2002, 3434(3):335-362.
[4]Hungerford H R, Peyton R, Wilke R. Goals for curriculum development in environmental education[J]. The Journal of Environmental Education, 1980, 111(3):42-47.
[5]Hines J M, Hungerford H R, Tomera A N. Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior:A meta-analysis[J]. The Journal of Environmental Education, 1986, 1818(2):1-8.
[6]Kaiser F G, Wolfing S, Fuhrer U. Environmental attitude and ecological behavior[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1999,1919(1):l-19.
[7]Stern P C. Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior[J]. Journal of Social Issues, 2000, 5656(3):407-424.
[8]Edmund G, Brent R, Jie W. Non-compliance in national parks:An extension of the theory of planned behavior model with pro-environmental values[J]. Tourism Management, 2017, 5959(4):123-127.
[9]Farhad M, Elizabeth A H. How do people negotiate through their constraints to engage in pro-environmental behavior? A study of front-country campers in Alberta, Canada[J]. Tourism Management, 2016, 5757(12):362-372.
[10]余晓婷,吴小根,张玉玲,等.游客环境责任行为驱动因素研究——以台湾为例[J].旅游学刊, 2015, 3030(7):49-59.
[11]李秋成,周玲强.社会资本对旅游者环境友好行为意愿的影响[J].旅游学刊, 2014, 2929(9):73-82.
[12]Dolnicar S. Insight into sustainable tourists in Austria:Data based a priori segmentation approach[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2004, 1212(3):209-218.
[13]Hashimoto A. Environmental perception and sense of responsibility of the tourism industry in mainland China, Taiwan and Japan[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2000, 88(2):131-146.
[14]Han H, Hsu L T J, Sheu C. Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice[J]. Tourism Management, 2010,3131(3):325-334.
[15]高静,洪文艺,李文明,等.自然保护区游客环境态度与行为初步研究——以鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区为例[J].经济地理,2009, 299(11):1931-1936.
[16]范钧,邱宏亮,吴雪飞.旅游地意象,地方依恋与旅游者环境责任行为——以浙江省旅游度假区为例[J].旅游学刊, 2014, 29(1):55-66.
[17]祁秋寅,张捷,杨旸,等.自然遗产地游客环境态度与环境行为倾向研究——以九寨沟为例[J].旅游学刊, 2009, 2424(11):41-46.
[18]夏凌云,于洪贤,王洪成,等.湿地公园生态教育对游客环境行为倾向的影响——以哈尔滨市5个湿地公园为例[J].湿地科学, 2016, 1414(1):72-81.
[19]万基财,张捷,卢韶婧,等.九寨沟地方特质与旅游者地方依恋和环保行为倾向的关系[J].地理科学进展, 2014, 3333(3):411-421.
[20]周玲强,李秋成,朱琳.行为效能、人地情感与旅游者环境负责行为意愿:一个基于计划行为理论的改进模型[J].浙江大学学报:人文社会科学版, 2014, 444(2):88-98.
[21]Guagnano G A, Stern P C, Dietz T. Influences on attitude-behavior relationships:A natural experiment with curbside recycling[J]. Environment and Behavior, 1995, 277(5):699-718.
[22]DeYoung R. Recycling as appropriate behavior:a review of survey data from selected recycling education programs in Michigan[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 1990, 33:253-266.
[23]Barr S. Strategies for sustainability citizens and responsible environmental behavior[J]. Area, 2003, 3535(3):227-240.
[24]Borgstede C, Biel A. Pro-environmental behavior:Situational barriers and concern for the good at stake[J]. Goteborg Psychological Reports, 2002, 3232:1-10.
[25]Chan R Y K. Determinants of Chinese consumers’green purchase behavior[J]. Psychology and Marketing, 2000, 1818(4):389.
[26]Martin S. Hector Ignacio A. Exploring the cognitive-affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in its formation[J]. Tourism Management, 2008, 2929:263-277.
[27]王凤.公众参与环保行为影响因素的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2009, 1818(6):30-35.
[28]Imran S, Alam K, Beaumont N. Environmental orientations and environmental behavior:Perceptions of protected area tourism stakeholders[J]. Tourism Management, 2014, 4040:290-299.
[29]郭彬.大学生环境意识与环境行为关系研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2009.
[30]Smith-Sebasto N J, D’Acosta A. Designing a Likert-type scale to predict environmentally responsible behavior in undergraduate[J]. Journal of Environmental Education, 1995, 2727(1):14-21.