黑猩猩正强化行为训练探讨
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摘要
通过开展正强化行为训练,可以在圈养野生动物面对疾病治疗或串笼等管理操作时,有效减少强制性保定、麻醉、驱赶等,降低动物的应激性,并可以丰富动物行为的多样性,明显提升动物福利。2018年3～7月,太原动物园开展了2只圈养黑猩猩的正强化行为训练工作,主要包括方便日常管理和健康检查的目标定位、胸腹触摸脱敏、口腔检查脱敏等训练内容。本文总结了已开展的训练项目、行为要求、口令及相关训练项目完成所需的时间,并对相关训练要点进行阶段总结和探讨。
By using positive reinforcement training,it is possible to effectively reduce compulsory restriction,forced movement,or anesthesia treatment of captive wild animals in some husbandry and veterinary treatment operations. This can reduce animal stress,enrich animal behavior,and greatly enhance animal welfare. From March to July 2018,the we conducted a positive training session for two captive chimpanzees( Pan troglodytes) at Taiyuan Zoo. The training targeted desensitization of chest auscultation and oral examination. Here we summarize the training programs,behavior requirements,training order,and shaping period. We discuss some training essentials in positive training of chimpanzee.
By using positive reinforcement training,it is possible to effectively reduce compulsory restriction,forced movement,or anesthesia treatment of captive wild animals in some husbandry and veterinary treatment operations. This can reduce animal stress,enrich animal behavior,and greatly enhance animal welfare. From March to July 2018,the we conducted a positive training session for two captive chimpanzees( Pan troglodytes) at Taiyuan Zoo. The training targeted desensitization of chest auscultation and oral examination. Here we summarize the training programs,behavior requirements,training order,and shaping period. We discuss some training essentials in positive training of chimpanzee.
引文
[1]卫泽珍,崔媛媛,刘珑,等.非洲象的正强化行为训练探讨[J].野生动物学报,2018,39(1):118-121.
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[3]Prescott M J,Bowell V A,Buchanan-Smith H M.Training laboratory-housed non-human primates,part 2:resources for developing and implementing training programmes[J].Animal Technology and Welfare,2005,4(3):133-148.
[4]Veeder C L,Bloomsmith M A,Mc Millan J L,et al.Positive reinforcement training to enhance the voluntary movement of group-housed sooty mangabeys(Cercocebus atys atys)[J].Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science,2009,48(2):192-195.
[5]Kelley T M,Bramblett C A.Technical note:urine collection from vervet monkeys by instrumental conditioning[J].American Journal of Primatology,1981,1(1):95-97.
[6]Laule G E,Bloomsmith M A,Schapiro S J.The use of positive reinforcement training techniques to enhance the care,management,and welfare of primates in the laboratory[J].Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science,2003,6(3):163-173.
[7]Laule G E,Thurston R H,Alford P L,et al.Training to reliably obtain blood and urine samples from a diabetic chimpanzee(Pan troglodytes)[J].Zoo Biology,1996,15(6):587-591.
[8]Coleman K,Maier A.The use of positive reinforcement training to reduce stereotypic behavior in rhesus macaques[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2010,124(3/4):142-148.
[9]Coleman K,Pranger L,Maier A,et al.Training rhesus macaques for venipuncture using positive reinforcement techniques:a comparison with chimpanzees[J].Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science,2008,47(1):37-41.
[10]Coleman K,Tully L A,Mcmillan J L.Temperament correlates with training success in adult rhesus macaques[J].American Journal of Primatology,2005,65(1):63-71.
[11]Bloomsmith M A,Laule G E,Alford P L,et al.Using training to moderate chimpanzee aggression during feeding[J].Zoo Biology,1994,13(6):557-566.
[12]Lambeth S P,Hau J,Perlman J E,et al.Positive reinforcement training affects hematologic and serum chemistry values in captive chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)[J].American Journal of Primatology,2006,68(3):245-256.
[13]刘赫,张金国,王泽重,等.动物行为训练的意义和方法[J].中国动物保健,2014,16(1):20-22.
[14]李梅荣,窦海静,李俊娴.圈养猩猩的行为训练[J].野生动物学报,2014,35(1):62-65.
[15]王龙,耿明杰,周淑芹,等.现代正向训练(塑形法)在动物行为学中的应用原则[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(4):38-40.
[2]Perlman J E,Bloomsmith M A,Whittaker M A,et al.Implementing positive reinforcement animal training programs at primate laboratories[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2012,137(3/4):114-126.
[3]Prescott M J,Bowell V A,Buchanan-Smith H M.Training laboratory-housed non-human primates,part 2:resources for developing and implementing training programmes[J].Animal Technology and Welfare,2005,4(3):133-148.
[4]Veeder C L,Bloomsmith M A,Mc Millan J L,et al.Positive reinforcement training to enhance the voluntary movement of group-housed sooty mangabeys(Cercocebus atys atys)[J].Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science,2009,48(2):192-195.
[5]Kelley T M,Bramblett C A.Technical note:urine collection from vervet monkeys by instrumental conditioning[J].American Journal of Primatology,1981,1(1):95-97.
[6]Laule G E,Bloomsmith M A,Schapiro S J.The use of positive reinforcement training techniques to enhance the care,management,and welfare of primates in the laboratory[J].Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science,2003,6(3):163-173.
[7]Laule G E,Thurston R H,Alford P L,et al.Training to reliably obtain blood and urine samples from a diabetic chimpanzee(Pan troglodytes)[J].Zoo Biology,1996,15(6):587-591.
[8]Coleman K,Maier A.The use of positive reinforcement training to reduce stereotypic behavior in rhesus macaques[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2010,124(3/4):142-148.
[9]Coleman K,Pranger L,Maier A,et al.Training rhesus macaques for venipuncture using positive reinforcement techniques:a comparison with chimpanzees[J].Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science,2008,47(1):37-41.
[10]Coleman K,Tully L A,Mcmillan J L.Temperament correlates with training success in adult rhesus macaques[J].American Journal of Primatology,2005,65(1):63-71.
[11]Bloomsmith M A,Laule G E,Alford P L,et al.Using training to moderate chimpanzee aggression during feeding[J].Zoo Biology,1994,13(6):557-566.
[12]Lambeth S P,Hau J,Perlman J E,et al.Positive reinforcement training affects hematologic and serum chemistry values in captive chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)[J].American Journal of Primatology,2006,68(3):245-256.
[13]刘赫,张金国,王泽重,等.动物行为训练的意义和方法[J].中国动物保健,2014,16(1):20-22.
[14]李梅荣,窦海静,李俊娴.圈养猩猩的行为训练[J].野生动物学报,2014,35(1):62-65.
[15]王龙,耿明杰,周淑芹,等.现代正向训练(塑形法)在动物行为学中的应用原则[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(4):38-40.