基于形态学梯度算法的微电网行波保护方案
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摘要
针对交流微电网的故障特征和保护要求,提出一种基于形态学梯度算法的行波保护故障选线选相方案。首先,通过比较离散小波变换和形态学梯度算法对电流行波的提取结果,得出形态学梯度算法能更清晰地提取行波的结论。其次,设计适用于多种拓扑结构的微电网行波保护故障选线方案。然后,利用三相初始电流行波及其模分量设计一种故障类型判断和故障选相方案。最后,对行波保护的死区问题进行分析并提出相应的解决方案。利用PSCAD/EMTDC和Matlab软件进行仿真分析,仿真结果验证了所述保护方案的正确性和可行性。
In consideration of the fault characteristics and protection requirements of microgrids, this paper proposes a current traveling wave based protection scheme using morphological gradient algorithm that can select fault lines and phases. Firstly, compared with discrete wavelet transform algorithm and morphological gradient algorithm, it is found that morphological gradient algorithm can extract traveling wave signals more clearly. Secondly, a fault line selection scheme is designed, which applies to various network topologies of microgirds. Thirdly, a fault type identification and fault phase selection scheme based on three-phase initial current traveling waves and their modal components is proposed. Finally, the dead zone problem of travelling wave protection is analyzed and the corresponding solution is proposed. The PSCAD/EMTDC and Matlab software are used in the simulation analysis, and correctness and feasibility of the protection scheme is verified by simulation results.
In consideration of the fault characteristics and protection requirements of microgrids, this paper proposes a current traveling wave based protection scheme using morphological gradient algorithm that can select fault lines and phases. Firstly, compared with discrete wavelet transform algorithm and morphological gradient algorithm, it is found that morphological gradient algorithm can extract traveling wave signals more clearly. Secondly, a fault line selection scheme is designed, which applies to various network topologies of microgirds. Thirdly, a fault type identification and fault phase selection scheme based on three-phase initial current traveling waves and their modal components is proposed. Finally, the dead zone problem of travelling wave protection is analyzed and the corresponding solution is proposed. The PSCAD/EMTDC and Matlab software are used in the simulation analysis, and correctness and feasibility of the protection scheme is verified by simulation results.
引文
[1]GOPALAN S A,SREERAM V,IU H H C.A review of coordination strategies and protection schemes for microgrids[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,32(5):222-228.
[2]陈彦翔,黄景光,丁婧.微电网自适应电流保护原理完善及其新算法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(22):22-27.CHEN Yanxiang,HUANG Jingguang,DING Jing.Improvement of micro grid adaptive current protection principle and research on its new algorithm[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(22):22-27.
[3]高厚磊,李娟,朱国防,等.有源配电网电流差动保护应用技术探讨[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(5):40-44.GAO Houlei,LI Juan,ZHU Guofang,et al.Study on application technology of current differential protection in active distribution network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(5):40-44.
[4]黄文焘,邰能灵,杨霞.微网反时限低阻抗保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):105-114.HUANG Wentao,TAI Nengling,YANG Xia.Inverse time low-impedance protection scheme for microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):105-114.
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[9]何晓,雷勇,周聪聪,等.消除零模波速影响的配电网单端行波故障测距算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(23):39-45.HE Xiao,LEI Yong,ZHOU Congcong,et al.Asingle-terminal fault location algorithm in distribution network for eliminating the effect of the velocity of zero-mode traveling wave[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(23):39-45.
[10]DONG X,WANG J,SHI S,et al.Traveling wave based single-phase-to-ground protection method for power distribution system[J].CSEE Journal of Power&Energy Systems,2015,1(2):75-82.
[11]杨荦源,舒勤.基于线模行波突变的配电网全架空线路单相接地的多端检测定位新方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(9):22-28.YANG Luoyuan,SHU Qin.A new multiterminal detecting location method of single-phase grounding to the overhead-line for distribution network based on travelling-wave mutation of line-mode[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(9):22-28.
[12]张慧颖.微电网故障暂态特性及集成保护[D].天津:天津大学,2014.ZHANG Huiying.Research on micro-grid fault transient characteristics and integrated protection[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2014.
[13]LI X,DY?KO A,BURT G M.Traveling wave-based protection scheme for inverter-dominated microgrid using mathematical morphology[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2211-2218.
[14]WU Q H,ZHANG J F,ZHANG D J.Ultra-high-speed directional protection of transmission lines using mathematical morphology[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003,18(4):1127-1133.
[15]宋国兵,李森,康小宁,等.一种新相模变换矩阵[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(14):57-60.SUN Guobing,LI Sen,KANG Xiaoning,et al.A novel phase-mode transformation matrix[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(14):57-60.
[16]张举,张晓东,林涛.基于小波变换的行波电流极性比较式方向保护[J].电网技术,2004,28(1):51-54.ZHANG Ju,ZHANG Xiaodong,LIN Tao.A directional protection based on traveling wave current polarity comparison using wavelet transform[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(4):51-54.
[17]季晨宇,袁振海.基于双树复小波的行波选线选相法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(12):48-54.JI Chenyu,YUAN Zhenhai.Fault line and phase selection based on traveling wave and dual-tree complex wavelet[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(12):48-54.
[18]施慎行,董新洲.基于单相电流行波的故障选线原理研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(14):13-16.SHI Shenxing,DONG Xinzhou.Study of fault line selection using single-phase current traveling waves[J].Power System Protection and Control,2008,36(14):13-16.
[19]张艳霞.电力系统保护与控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[20]刘兴茂,林圣,李小鹏,等.利用基波电流相量变化率识别行波保护中雷击干扰[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(2):55-61.LIU Xingmao,LIN Sheng,LI Xiaopeng,et al.Apply fundamental current phasor change rate to identify lightning disturbance to travelling wave protection[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(2):55-61.
[21]董杏丽,葛耀中,董新洲.行波保护中雷电干扰问题的对策[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):74-78.DONG Xingli,GE Yaozhong,DONG Xinzhou.Effect of lightning on protection based on travelling waves[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(9):74-78.
[22]郭宁明.行波故障测距中的雷击识别及定位研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2008.GUO Ningming.Research on identification of lighting stroke and locating position in traveling wave fault location[D].Beijing:China Electric Power Research Institute,2008.
[23]秦小安.基于希尔伯特-黄变换的输电线路行波保护方法[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2010.QIN Xiaoan.Traveling waves protection methods using Hilbert-Huang transform for transmission lines[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science and Technology,2008.
[2]陈彦翔,黄景光,丁婧.微电网自适应电流保护原理完善及其新算法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(22):22-27.CHEN Yanxiang,HUANG Jingguang,DING Jing.Improvement of micro grid adaptive current protection principle and research on its new algorithm[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(22):22-27.
[3]高厚磊,李娟,朱国防,等.有源配电网电流差动保护应用技术探讨[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(5):40-44.GAO Houlei,LI Juan,ZHU Guofang,et al.Study on application technology of current differential protection in active distribution network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(5):40-44.
[4]黄文焘,邰能灵,杨霞.微网反时限低阻抗保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):105-114.HUANG Wentao,TAI Nengling,YANG Xia.Inverse time low-impedance protection scheme for microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):105-114.
[5]XUE S,YANG J,CHEN Y,et al.The applicability of traditional protection methods to lines emanating from VSC-HVDC interconnectors and a novel protection principle[J].Energies,2016,9(6):400.
[6]NAJY W K A,ZEINELDIN H H,WEI L W.Optimal protection coordination for microgrids with grid connected and islanded capability[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(4):1668-1677.
[7]ABDULWAHID A H,WANG S.A new differential protection scheme for microgrid using Hilbert space based power setting and fuzzy decision processes[C]//2016 IEEE 11th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications,June 5-7,2016,Hefei,China:6-11.
[8]梁睿,孙式想,靳征,等.单双端行波特征综合考虑的辐射状电网组合测距技术[J].高电压技术,2014,40(5):1461-1467.LIANG Rui,SUN Shixiang,JIN Zheng,et al.Fault location in radial power grid after analyzing characteristics of both single-terminal and double-terminal traveling waves[J].High Voltage Technology,2014,40(5):1461-1467.
[9]何晓,雷勇,周聪聪,等.消除零模波速影响的配电网单端行波故障测距算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(23):39-45.HE Xiao,LEI Yong,ZHOU Congcong,et al.Asingle-terminal fault location algorithm in distribution network for eliminating the effect of the velocity of zero-mode traveling wave[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(23):39-45.
[10]DONG X,WANG J,SHI S,et al.Traveling wave based single-phase-to-ground protection method for power distribution system[J].CSEE Journal of Power&Energy Systems,2015,1(2):75-82.
[11]杨荦源,舒勤.基于线模行波突变的配电网全架空线路单相接地的多端检测定位新方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(9):22-28.YANG Luoyuan,SHU Qin.A new multiterminal detecting location method of single-phase grounding to the overhead-line for distribution network based on travelling-wave mutation of line-mode[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(9):22-28.
[12]张慧颖.微电网故障暂态特性及集成保护[D].天津:天津大学,2014.ZHANG Huiying.Research on micro-grid fault transient characteristics and integrated protection[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2014.
[13]LI X,DY?KO A,BURT G M.Traveling wave-based protection scheme for inverter-dominated microgrid using mathematical morphology[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2211-2218.
[14]WU Q H,ZHANG J F,ZHANG D J.Ultra-high-speed directional protection of transmission lines using mathematical morphology[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003,18(4):1127-1133.
[15]宋国兵,李森,康小宁,等.一种新相模变换矩阵[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(14):57-60.SUN Guobing,LI Sen,KANG Xiaoning,et al.A novel phase-mode transformation matrix[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(14):57-60.
[16]张举,张晓东,林涛.基于小波变换的行波电流极性比较式方向保护[J].电网技术,2004,28(1):51-54.ZHANG Ju,ZHANG Xiaodong,LIN Tao.A directional protection based on traveling wave current polarity comparison using wavelet transform[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(4):51-54.
[17]季晨宇,袁振海.基于双树复小波的行波选线选相法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(12):48-54.JI Chenyu,YUAN Zhenhai.Fault line and phase selection based on traveling wave and dual-tree complex wavelet[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(12):48-54.
[18]施慎行,董新洲.基于单相电流行波的故障选线原理研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(14):13-16.SHI Shenxing,DONG Xinzhou.Study of fault line selection using single-phase current traveling waves[J].Power System Protection and Control,2008,36(14):13-16.
[19]张艳霞.电力系统保护与控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[20]刘兴茂,林圣,李小鹏,等.利用基波电流相量变化率识别行波保护中雷击干扰[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(2):55-61.LIU Xingmao,LIN Sheng,LI Xiaopeng,et al.Apply fundamental current phasor change rate to identify lightning disturbance to travelling wave protection[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(2):55-61.
[21]董杏丽,葛耀中,董新洲.行波保护中雷电干扰问题的对策[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):74-78.DONG Xingli,GE Yaozhong,DONG Xinzhou.Effect of lightning on protection based on travelling waves[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(9):74-78.
[22]郭宁明.行波故障测距中的雷击识别及定位研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2008.GUO Ningming.Research on identification of lighting stroke and locating position in traveling wave fault location[D].Beijing:China Electric Power Research Institute,2008.
[23]秦小安.基于希尔伯特-黄变换的输电线路行波保护方法[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2010.QIN Xiaoan.Traveling waves protection methods using Hilbert-Huang transform for transmission lines[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science and Technology,2008.