城市步行友好性评价
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摘要
为了提高政策制定者、规划人员及公众对步行友好重要性的认识,促进步行友好性原则在建设实践中得到更多的体现,自2013年起,国际环保组织自然资源保护协会(NRDC)对中国城市进行了步行友好性评价的探索。截至目前已发布三期评价报告,从不同视角探讨及评价了城市步行友好性。第一、二期报告采用相似的评价方法,构建了以步行的舒适性、便捷性、安全性以及政策与管理4个维度12项具体指标组成的评价方法。前两期报告对总计52个城市进行了步行友好性评价,结果显示香港排名第一。第三期报告参照国际上较成熟的步行分数(Walk Score)的评价方法对287个城市建成区内的所有街道进行评价,在排名时采用了不同城市分组对比平均值和标准差等方法,从不同角度对比城市的步行友好性。
To raise the awareness about importance of city's walkability to policy makers, planners, and public, the Natural Resources Defense Council(NRDC), an international nonprofit environmental organization, unfolds a series of attempts to evaluate the walkability of Chinese cities since 2013. Three versions of walkability report have been published to analyze and evaluate cities from different angles. The evaluated methodology in the first two reports used 12 indicators at 4 dimensions, i.e., comfort, convenience, safety,relative policies and management to assess walkability for 52 Chinese cities. The results show that Hong Kong is the most walkable city. In addition, the third report adopted a different methodology which is similar to the Walk Score to evaluate the streets in 287 cities' built-up areas. Due to a large size of dataset, this paper only analyzed and ranked the cities based on the average and standard deviation of all streets within each city.
To raise the awareness about importance of city's walkability to policy makers, planners, and public, the Natural Resources Defense Council(NRDC), an international nonprofit environmental organization, unfolds a series of attempts to evaluate the walkability of Chinese cities since 2013. Three versions of walkability report have been published to analyze and evaluate cities from different angles. The evaluated methodology in the first two reports used 12 indicators at 4 dimensions, i.e., comfort, convenience, safety,relative policies and management to assess walkability for 52 Chinese cities. The results show that Hong Kong is the most walkable city. In addition, the third report adopted a different methodology which is similar to the Walk Score to evaluate the streets in 287 cities' built-up areas. Due to a large size of dataset, this paper only analyzed and ranked the cities based on the average and standard deviation of all streets within each city.
引文
[1]刘涟涟,尉闻.步行性评价方法与工具的国际经验[J].国际城市规划, 2018, 33(4):103-110.Liu Lianlian, Wei Wen. International Experiences of Tools and Approaches for Assessment of Walkability[J]. Urban Planning International, 2018, 33(4), 103-110.
[2] He Dongquan, Liu Huan, He Kebin, et al. Energy Use of, and CO2Emissions from China's Urban Passenger Transportation Sector:Carbon Mitigation Scenarios upon the Transportation Mode Choices[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice, 2013, 53:53-67.
[3] Lawlor Ellis. The Pedestrian Pound:The Business Case for Better Streets and Places[R].England:Living Streets, 2014.
[4] Maizlish Neil, Woodcock James, Co Sean, et al. Health Cobenefits and Transportation-Related Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the San Francisco Bay Area[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2013, 103(4):703-709.
[5]自然资源保护协会.中国城市步行友好性评价(阶段性报告)[R/OL]. 2014[2018-12-05].http://www.nrdc.cn/information/informationinfo?id=45.
[6]自然资源保护协会. 2015年中国城市步行友好性评价报告[R/OL]. 2016[2018-12-05].http://www.nrdc.cn/information/informationinfo?id=49.
[7]龙瀛,吴康,王江浩,等.大模型:城市和区域研究的新范式[J].城市规划学刊,2014(6):52-60.Long Ying, Wu Kang, Wang Jianghao, et al.Big Models:A Novel Paradigm for Urban and Regional Studies[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2014(6):52-60.
[8]自然资源保护协会.中国城市步行友好性评价:基于街道功能促进步行的研究[R/OL].2017[2018-12-05]. http://nrdc.cn/information/informationinfo?id=182&cook=2.
(1)清华大学龙瀛教授的团队。
[2] He Dongquan, Liu Huan, He Kebin, et al. Energy Use of, and CO2Emissions from China's Urban Passenger Transportation Sector:Carbon Mitigation Scenarios upon the Transportation Mode Choices[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice, 2013, 53:53-67.
[3] Lawlor Ellis. The Pedestrian Pound:The Business Case for Better Streets and Places[R].England:Living Streets, 2014.
[4] Maizlish Neil, Woodcock James, Co Sean, et al. Health Cobenefits and Transportation-Related Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the San Francisco Bay Area[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2013, 103(4):703-709.
[5]自然资源保护协会.中国城市步行友好性评价(阶段性报告)[R/OL]. 2014[2018-12-05].http://www.nrdc.cn/information/informationinfo?id=45.
[6]自然资源保护协会. 2015年中国城市步行友好性评价报告[R/OL]. 2016[2018-12-05].http://www.nrdc.cn/information/informationinfo?id=49.
[7]龙瀛,吴康,王江浩,等.大模型:城市和区域研究的新范式[J].城市规划学刊,2014(6):52-60.Long Ying, Wu Kang, Wang Jianghao, et al.Big Models:A Novel Paradigm for Urban and Regional Studies[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2014(6):52-60.
[8]自然资源保护协会.中国城市步行友好性评价:基于街道功能促进步行的研究[R/OL].2017[2018-12-05]. http://nrdc.cn/information/informationinfo?id=182&cook=2.
(1)清华大学龙瀛教授的团队。