“只有……才”句的句法分析
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摘要
在"只有……才"焦点句中,焦点成分的句法结构位置在CP内。"只有"是焦点辖域标记,"才"是焦点短语的中心语,焦点成分具有对比性焦点特征。主语焦点和句首宾语焦点是具有对比性焦点特征的话题成分,在句法生成过程中在[spec, FocP]位置上核查完不可解释性焦点特征之后继续移位至[spec, TopP]位置核查不可解释性话题特征。CP内分析法还能为省略"只有"的"才"字焦点句提供合理的句法解释。
In zhiyou…cai focus constructions, the focus is located in CP, zhiyou is the focus scope marker and cai is the head of the Focus Phrase. The focus bears contrastive focus feature, the subject focus and initial object focus bear contrastive focus feature and topic feature simultaneously. Thus in the derivation process, the subject focus and sentence initial object focus move to [Spec, TopP] to check their uninterpretable topic feature after they finish checking the uninterpretable focus feature in [Spec, FocP]. It is argued that this CP analysis can also account for the cai construction in which zhiyou is omitted.
In zhiyou…cai focus constructions, the focus is located in CP, zhiyou is the focus scope marker and cai is the head of the Focus Phrase. The focus bears contrastive focus feature, the subject focus and initial object focus bear contrastive focus feature and topic feature simultaneously. Thus in the derivation process, the subject focus and sentence initial object focus move to [Spec, TopP] to check their uninterpretable topic feature after they finish checking the uninterpretable focus feature in [Spec, FocP]. It is argued that this CP analysis can also account for the cai construction in which zhiyou is omitted.
引文
[1]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980.
[2]刑福义.“只有……才”表示唯一条件,这种提法对吗?[J].语文教学与研究,1979(2).
[3]王还.“只有……才”和“只要……就” [J].语言教学与研究,1989(3).
[4]Zhang,Ning.Syntactic Dependencies in Mandarin Chinese[D].The University of Toronto,1997.
[5]Zhang,Ning.Object Shift in Mandarin Chinese[J].Journal of Chinese Linguistics,2000(2).
[6]Hole,P.Daniel.Focus and Background Marking in Mandarin Chinese - System and Theory Behind Cai,Jiu,Dou and Ye [M].London:Routledge Curzon,2001.
[7]Rizzi,Luigi.The Fine Structure of the Left Periphery[M]// Haegeman,L.(ed.) Elements of Grammar Handbook of Generative Grammar.Dordrecht:Kluwer,1997.
[8]Rizzi,Luigi.Locality and Left Periphery[M]// Belletti,A.(ed.) Structures and Beyond.The Cartography of Syntactic Structures.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002 (3).
[9]Chomsky,A.Noam .The Minimalist Program[M].Mass.:MIT Press,1995.Ernst,Thomas.&Cheng-chi,Wang.Object Preposing in Mandarin Chinese[J].Journal of East Asian Linguistic,1995 (4) :335-260.
[10]Tancredi.C.Not only Even,but even ONLY [M].Mass.:MIT press,1990.
[11]Rooth,Mats.A Theory of Focus Interpretation[J].Natural Language Semantics,1992 (1).
[12]Krifka,Manfred.Basic Notions of Information Structure[J].Acta Linguistic Hungarica,2008 (55).
[13]Paul,Waltraut.“Low IP area and Left Periphery in Mandarin Chinese.” [J] Researches Linguistiques de Vincennesk ,2005 (33).
[14]何元建.现代汉语生成语法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011.
[15] 徐烈炯.汉语是话语概念结构化语言吗?[M].中国语文,2002(5).
(1)本文用F表示该成分为焦点成分(focus)。
(2)根据Tancredi(1990)[10]的词汇关联原则(Principle of Lexical Association),焦点敏感算子如only必须与其成分统制范围内的词汇成分相关联(An operator like only must be associated with a lexical constituent in its c-command domain)。
(3)(20a)和(20b)中的“才”可以表示时间,意为“刚才”,但其并不在本文的探讨范围之内。
[2]刑福义.“只有……才”表示唯一条件,这种提法对吗?[J].语文教学与研究,1979(2).
[3]王还.“只有……才”和“只要……就” [J].语言教学与研究,1989(3).
[4]Zhang,Ning.Syntactic Dependencies in Mandarin Chinese[D].The University of Toronto,1997.
[5]Zhang,Ning.Object Shift in Mandarin Chinese[J].Journal of Chinese Linguistics,2000(2).
[6]Hole,P.Daniel.Focus and Background Marking in Mandarin Chinese - System and Theory Behind Cai,Jiu,Dou and Ye [M].London:Routledge Curzon,2001.
[7]Rizzi,Luigi.The Fine Structure of the Left Periphery[M]// Haegeman,L.(ed.) Elements of Grammar Handbook of Generative Grammar.Dordrecht:Kluwer,1997.
[8]Rizzi,Luigi.Locality and Left Periphery[M]// Belletti,A.(ed.) Structures and Beyond.The Cartography of Syntactic Structures.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002 (3).
[9]Chomsky,A.Noam .The Minimalist Program[M].Mass.:MIT Press,1995.Ernst,Thomas.&Cheng-chi,Wang.Object Preposing in Mandarin Chinese[J].Journal of East Asian Linguistic,1995 (4) :335-260.
[10]Tancredi.C.Not only Even,but even ONLY [M].Mass.:MIT press,1990.
[11]Rooth,Mats.A Theory of Focus Interpretation[J].Natural Language Semantics,1992 (1).
[12]Krifka,Manfred.Basic Notions of Information Structure[J].Acta Linguistic Hungarica,2008 (55).
[13]Paul,Waltraut.“Low IP area and Left Periphery in Mandarin Chinese.” [J] Researches Linguistiques de Vincennesk ,2005 (33).
[14]何元建.现代汉语生成语法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011.
[15] 徐烈炯.汉语是话语概念结构化语言吗?[M].中国语文,2002(5).
(1)本文用F表示该成分为焦点成分(focus)。
(2)根据Tancredi(1990)[10]的词汇关联原则(Principle of Lexical Association),焦点敏感算子如only必须与其成分统制范围内的词汇成分相关联(An operator like only must be associated with a lexical constituent in its c-command domain)。
(3)(20a)和(20b)中的“才”可以表示时间,意为“刚才”,但其并不在本文的探讨范围之内。