自然光植物工厂多层立体栽培补光对生菜产量和品质的影响
|
摘要
针对自然光植物工厂空间高效利用的问题,采用意大利奶油生菜为研究对象,探究自然光植物工厂多层立体栽培条件下不同栽培层间光照、温度、湿度等环境差异及补光对生菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:栽培架中层平均太阳总辐射强度是上层的25.15%～55.42%,下层平均太阳总辐射强度是上层的22.66%～37.46%;不同层间温度相差4.8～7.2℃。不同层湿度差异为37.5%～43.9%。补光可以提高栽培层间的光照强度,改善光照分布状况,改变生菜生长形态,促进叶片伸展和根系生长。与不补光处理相比,补光后中层和下层生菜的产量分别提高了35.8%和24.7%,干物质量增加了39.7%和36.7%,可溶性蛋白含量提高了9.42%和9.24%,硝酸盐含量降低了10.75%和6.75%,但与对照相比,补光后对生菜叶绿素和可溶性糖含量并没有显著性的变化。立体栽培层间补光能够改善层间光照环境,使光照分布更加均匀,促进干物质积累,显著提高生菜产量和品质。
To improve space utilization efficiency in natural light plant factory,taking Italy creamy lettuce as research object,the effects of increased stereo multi-layer artificial light on the light,temperature and humidity in different cultivation layers of natural light plant factory.The effects of light on yield and quality were investigated.The results showed that the average solar radiation intensity in the middle layer of the cultivation frame was 25.15%-55.42% of the upper layer,and the average solar radiation intensity in the lower layer was 22.66%-37.46%of the upper layer,and the temperature difference between different layers was 3.5-5.6℃.The humidity difference among three layers was 43.9%-37.5%.Supplemental light increased the light intensity of cultivated layer,improved the distribution of light,changed the growth form of lettuce,and promoted leaf extension and root growth.The yield of lettuce in middle and lower layer increased by 35.8% and 24.7%,the quality of dry matter increased by 39.7% and 36.7%,the content of soluble protein increased by 9.42% and 9.24%,the content of nitrite decreased by 10.75% and 6.75%.However,there was no significant effect on the chlorophyll and soluble sugar content of lettuce.This study showed that the interlayer light supplementing could improve the interlayer light environment,the distribution of light was more uniform,the accumulation of dry matter was promoted,and the yield and quality of lettuce were greatly improved.
To improve space utilization efficiency in natural light plant factory,taking Italy creamy lettuce as research object,the effects of increased stereo multi-layer artificial light on the light,temperature and humidity in different cultivation layers of natural light plant factory.The effects of light on yield and quality were investigated.The results showed that the average solar radiation intensity in the middle layer of the cultivation frame was 25.15%-55.42% of the upper layer,and the average solar radiation intensity in the lower layer was 22.66%-37.46%of the upper layer,and the temperature difference between different layers was 3.5-5.6℃.The humidity difference among three layers was 43.9%-37.5%.Supplemental light increased the light intensity of cultivated layer,improved the distribution of light,changed the growth form of lettuce,and promoted leaf extension and root growth.The yield of lettuce in middle and lower layer increased by 35.8% and 24.7%,the quality of dry matter increased by 39.7% and 36.7%,the content of soluble protein increased by 9.42% and 9.24%,the content of nitrite decreased by 10.75% and 6.75%.However,there was no significant effect on the chlorophyll and soluble sugar content of lettuce.This study showed that the interlayer light supplementing could improve the interlayer light environment,the distribution of light was more uniform,the accumulation of dry matter was promoted,and the yield and quality of lettuce were greatly improved.
引文
[1]魏灵玲,杨其长,刘水丽.LED在植物工厂中的研究现状与应用前景[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(11):408-411Wei LL,Yang Q C,Liu S L.Review on research and developing trends of light-emitting diode in plant factory[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,23(11):408-411(in Chinese)
[2]郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:23-44Guo S R.Soilless Culture[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2003:23-44(in Chinese)
[3]闻婧,杨其长,魏灵玲,程瑞锋,刘文科,孟力力,鲍顺淑,周晚来.不同红蓝LED对生菜形态与生理品质的影响[C]//2011第二届中国·寿光国际设施园艺高层学术论坛论文集.寿光:中国园艺学会,2011:232-239Wen J,Yang Q C,Wei LL,Cheng R F,Liu W K,Meng L L,Bao S S,Zhou W L.Effects of different red and blue LED on the morphological and physiological characteristics of lettuce[C].In:Papers of the 2nd China Shouguang International Facility Horticulture Forum2011.Shouguang:Chinese Horticultural Society,2011:232-239(in Chinese)
[4] Ohyama K,Kozai T,Yoshinaga K.Electric energy water and carbon dioxide utilization efficiencies of a closed-type transplant production system[C].In:Transplant Production in the 21st Century.Matsudo Japan:Scientific and Editorial Advisory Board,2000:27-32
[5]杨其长,张成波.植物工厂概论[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2005:6-14Yang Q C,Zhang C B.An Introduction to Plant Factory[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2005:6-14(in Chinese)
[6]李止正,龚颂福.立柱柱式无土栽培系统及其在生菜栽培上的应用[J].应用于环境生物学报,2002,8(2):142-147Li Z Z,Gong S F.Vertical column and system of columnar soilless culture(SCSC)and ITS application to cultivation of lettuce[J].Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,2002,8(2):142-147(in Chinese)
[7]陈宗玲,刘鹏,张斌,汪佳易,宋生印,王红清.立体栽培草莓的光温效应及其对光合的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(1):42-48Chen Z L,Liu P,Zhang B,Wang J Y,Song S Y,Wang H Q.Light and temperature and their effects on photosynthesis characteristics of stereoscopic cultivation in strawberry[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2011,16(1):42-48(in Chinese)
[8]马旭,林超辉,齐龙,江立凯,谭永炘,梁仲维,鹿芳媛.不同光质与光照度对水稻温室立体育秧秧苗素质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):228-235Ma X,Lin C H,Qi L,Jiang L K,Tan Y X,Liang Z W,Lu F Y.Effect of different lighting quality and intensities on quality of rice seedling by greenhouse stereoscopic nursing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(11):228-235(in Chinese)
[9]陈一飞,路河,刘柏成,齐凯,杜尚丰.日光温室草莓立体栽培智能控制系统[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(s1):184-189Chen Y F,Lu H,Liu B C,Qi K,Du S F.Intelligent control system for strawberry space planting in solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(S1):184-189(in Chinese)
[10]林晓,罗赟,王红清.草莓日光温室立体栽培的光温效应及其影响分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(2):67-73Lin X,Luo Y,Wang H Q.Effect of light and temperature on strawberry in three-dimensional culture system[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2014,19(2):67-73(in Chinese)
[11]祁娟霞,韦峰,董艳,张亚红.不同补光时间对温室番茄生长发育的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):245-248Qi J X,Wei F,Dong Y,Zhang Y H.Effects of different light supplementing time on growth and development of Tomato in Greenhouse[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(8):245-248(in Chinese)
[12]刘文科.LED株间补光对日光温室番茄生长和产量的影响[J].农业工程技术,2016,36(4):40-41Liu W K.Effect of supplemental light between LED plants on tomato yield and photosynthesis in greenhouse[J].Applied Engineering Technology,2016,36(4):40-41(in Chinese)
[13] Blain J,Gosselin A, Trudel M J.Influence of HPS supplementary lighting on growth and yield of greenhouse cucumbers[J].Hortscience,1987,22(1):36-38
[14] Poorter H,Niinemets U,Walter A,Fiorani F,Schurr U.A method to construct dose-response curves for a wide range of environmental factors and plant traits by means of a metaanalysis of phenotypic data[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2010,61(8):2043-2055
[15] Evans J R,Poorter H.Photosynthetic acclimation of plants to growth irradiance:The relative importance of specific leaf area and nitrogen partitioning in maximizing carbon gain[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2001,24(8):755-767
[16]周静,李萍萍,王纪章,卢佳俊.立体栽培条件下光温环境对生菜生长和生理特征影响[J].江苏大学学报:自然科学版,2016,37(5):530-535Zhou J,Li P P,Wang J Z,Lu J J.Effects of light and temperature on growth and development of lettuce in stereoscopic cultivation[J].Journal of Jiangsu University:Natural Science Edition,2016,37(5):530-535(in Chinese)
[17]周秋月,吴沿友,许文祥,黄华坤,桑小花.光强对生菜硝酸盐累积的影响[J].农机化研究,2009,31(1):189-192Zhou Q Y,Wu Y Y,Xu W X,Huang H K,Sang X H.The effect of light intensity on the nitrate cumulation in lettuce[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(1):189-192(in Chinese)
[18]蒋自立.农作物积累硝酸盐的农业生态因素[J].农业环境与发展,1991(1):24-26Jiang Z L.Agro ecological factors for accumulation of nitrate in crops[J].Agro-Environment&Development,1991(1):24-26(in Chinese)
[19] Steingr9ver E,Siesling J,Ratering P.Effect of one night with low light on uptake,reduction and storage of nitrate in spinach[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1986,66(3):557-562
[20]周晚来,刘文科,闻婧,杨其长.短期连续光照下水培生菜品质指标变化及其关联性分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1319-1323Zhou W L,Liu W K,Wen J,Yang Q C.Changes in and correlation analysis of quality indices of hydroponic lettuce under short-term continuous light[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(6):1319-1323(in Chinese)
[2]郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:23-44Guo S R.Soilless Culture[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2003:23-44(in Chinese)
[3]闻婧,杨其长,魏灵玲,程瑞锋,刘文科,孟力力,鲍顺淑,周晚来.不同红蓝LED对生菜形态与生理品质的影响[C]//2011第二届中国·寿光国际设施园艺高层学术论坛论文集.寿光:中国园艺学会,2011:232-239Wen J,Yang Q C,Wei LL,Cheng R F,Liu W K,Meng L L,Bao S S,Zhou W L.Effects of different red and blue LED on the morphological and physiological characteristics of lettuce[C].In:Papers of the 2nd China Shouguang International Facility Horticulture Forum2011.Shouguang:Chinese Horticultural Society,2011:232-239(in Chinese)
[4] Ohyama K,Kozai T,Yoshinaga K.Electric energy water and carbon dioxide utilization efficiencies of a closed-type transplant production system[C].In:Transplant Production in the 21st Century.Matsudo Japan:Scientific and Editorial Advisory Board,2000:27-32
[5]杨其长,张成波.植物工厂概论[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2005:6-14Yang Q C,Zhang C B.An Introduction to Plant Factory[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2005:6-14(in Chinese)
[6]李止正,龚颂福.立柱柱式无土栽培系统及其在生菜栽培上的应用[J].应用于环境生物学报,2002,8(2):142-147Li Z Z,Gong S F.Vertical column and system of columnar soilless culture(SCSC)and ITS application to cultivation of lettuce[J].Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,2002,8(2):142-147(in Chinese)
[7]陈宗玲,刘鹏,张斌,汪佳易,宋生印,王红清.立体栽培草莓的光温效应及其对光合的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(1):42-48Chen Z L,Liu P,Zhang B,Wang J Y,Song S Y,Wang H Q.Light and temperature and their effects on photosynthesis characteristics of stereoscopic cultivation in strawberry[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2011,16(1):42-48(in Chinese)
[8]马旭,林超辉,齐龙,江立凯,谭永炘,梁仲维,鹿芳媛.不同光质与光照度对水稻温室立体育秧秧苗素质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):228-235Ma X,Lin C H,Qi L,Jiang L K,Tan Y X,Liang Z W,Lu F Y.Effect of different lighting quality and intensities on quality of rice seedling by greenhouse stereoscopic nursing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(11):228-235(in Chinese)
[9]陈一飞,路河,刘柏成,齐凯,杜尚丰.日光温室草莓立体栽培智能控制系统[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(s1):184-189Chen Y F,Lu H,Liu B C,Qi K,Du S F.Intelligent control system for strawberry space planting in solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(S1):184-189(in Chinese)
[10]林晓,罗赟,王红清.草莓日光温室立体栽培的光温效应及其影响分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(2):67-73Lin X,Luo Y,Wang H Q.Effect of light and temperature on strawberry in three-dimensional culture system[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2014,19(2):67-73(in Chinese)
[11]祁娟霞,韦峰,董艳,张亚红.不同补光时间对温室番茄生长发育的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):245-248Qi J X,Wei F,Dong Y,Zhang Y H.Effects of different light supplementing time on growth and development of Tomato in Greenhouse[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(8):245-248(in Chinese)
[12]刘文科.LED株间补光对日光温室番茄生长和产量的影响[J].农业工程技术,2016,36(4):40-41Liu W K.Effect of supplemental light between LED plants on tomato yield and photosynthesis in greenhouse[J].Applied Engineering Technology,2016,36(4):40-41(in Chinese)
[13] Blain J,Gosselin A, Trudel M J.Influence of HPS supplementary lighting on growth and yield of greenhouse cucumbers[J].Hortscience,1987,22(1):36-38
[14] Poorter H,Niinemets U,Walter A,Fiorani F,Schurr U.A method to construct dose-response curves for a wide range of environmental factors and plant traits by means of a metaanalysis of phenotypic data[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2010,61(8):2043-2055
[15] Evans J R,Poorter H.Photosynthetic acclimation of plants to growth irradiance:The relative importance of specific leaf area and nitrogen partitioning in maximizing carbon gain[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2001,24(8):755-767
[16]周静,李萍萍,王纪章,卢佳俊.立体栽培条件下光温环境对生菜生长和生理特征影响[J].江苏大学学报:自然科学版,2016,37(5):530-535Zhou J,Li P P,Wang J Z,Lu J J.Effects of light and temperature on growth and development of lettuce in stereoscopic cultivation[J].Journal of Jiangsu University:Natural Science Edition,2016,37(5):530-535(in Chinese)
[17]周秋月,吴沿友,许文祥,黄华坤,桑小花.光强对生菜硝酸盐累积的影响[J].农机化研究,2009,31(1):189-192Zhou Q Y,Wu Y Y,Xu W X,Huang H K,Sang X H.The effect of light intensity on the nitrate cumulation in lettuce[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(1):189-192(in Chinese)
[18]蒋自立.农作物积累硝酸盐的农业生态因素[J].农业环境与发展,1991(1):24-26Jiang Z L.Agro ecological factors for accumulation of nitrate in crops[J].Agro-Environment&Development,1991(1):24-26(in Chinese)
[19] Steingr9ver E,Siesling J,Ratering P.Effect of one night with low light on uptake,reduction and storage of nitrate in spinach[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1986,66(3):557-562
[20]周晚来,刘文科,闻婧,杨其长.短期连续光照下水培生菜品质指标变化及其关联性分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1319-1323Zhou W L,Liu W K,Wen J,Yang Q C.Changes in and correlation analysis of quality indices of hydroponic lettuce under short-term continuous light[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(6):1319-1323(in Chinese)