不同灌水量对马铃薯生长、耗水及产量品质的影响
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摘要
针对宁夏中部干旱区马铃薯节水增产的问题,以"克新一号"为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,探究了不同灌水处理下,马铃薯的根区土壤含水率变化规律和生长指标的相关关系;分析了膜下滴灌条件下不同灌水处理对马铃薯全生育期耗水、产量和品质的影响规律。结果表明,马铃薯根区土壤含水率在15.63%～20.81%时,马铃薯的生长指标最佳,有利于马铃薯的生长;宁夏中部地区的马铃薯耗水规律总体上呈现前期耗水强度小,中期逐渐变大,后期又减小的趋势;灌溉定额设为1 260 m~3/hm~2(35 L/株),补水时期设为幼苗期、块茎形成期和块茎增长期,补水量分别占灌溉定额的25%、25%和50%时,马铃薯长势最好、品质最高、节水增产效果最佳,产量可达25.88 t/hm~2。这种灌溉制度有利于在宁夏中部地区推广和使用。
Aiming at the problem of water-saving and production-increasing of potatoes in the middle arid region of Ningxia, the relationship between soil moisture content and growth index of potato root area under different irrigation treatments was explored by using "kesin no.1" as experimental material and using single-factor randomized block experiment design. The effects of different irrigation treatments on water consumption, yield and quality of potato during the whole growth period were analyzed. The results showed that the growth index of potato was the best when the soil moisture content of potato root area was 15.63% to 20.81%, which was beneficial to the growth of potato. On the whole, the potato water consumption law in the middle of Ningxia showed a trend of low water consumption intensity in the early stage, gradually increased in the middle stage, and then decreased in the later stage. When the irrigation quota was set as 1 260 m/hm~2(35 L/plant), the watering period was set as seedling stage, tuber forming stage and tuber growth stage, and the watering amount accounted for 25%, 25% and 50% of the irrigation quota respectively, the potato had the best growth, the highest quality, the best effect of water-saving and increasing yield, and the yield could reach 25.88 t/hm~2.This irrigation system is conducive to the promotion and use in the central region of Ningxia.
Aiming at the problem of water-saving and production-increasing of potatoes in the middle arid region of Ningxia, the relationship between soil moisture content and growth index of potato root area under different irrigation treatments was explored by using "kesin no.1" as experimental material and using single-factor randomized block experiment design. The effects of different irrigation treatments on water consumption, yield and quality of potato during the whole growth period were analyzed. The results showed that the growth index of potato was the best when the soil moisture content of potato root area was 15.63% to 20.81%, which was beneficial to the growth of potato. On the whole, the potato water consumption law in the middle of Ningxia showed a trend of low water consumption intensity in the early stage, gradually increased in the middle stage, and then decreased in the later stage. When the irrigation quota was set as 1 260 m/hm~2(35 L/plant), the watering period was set as seedling stage, tuber forming stage and tuber growth stage, and the watering amount accounted for 25%, 25% and 50% of the irrigation quota respectively, the potato had the best growth, the highest quality, the best effect of water-saving and increasing yield, and the yield could reach 25.88 t/hm~2.This irrigation system is conducive to the promotion and use in the central region of Ningxia.
引文
[1] 李文华,吕典秋,闵凡祥.中国、荷兰和比利时马铃薯生产概况对比分析[J].中国马铃薯,2018,32(1):54-60.
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[3] 尹娟,邱小琮.宁夏中部干旱区马铃薯种薯耗水规律及水分效应研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2011,10(4):334-337.
[4] 秦军红, 庞保平,蒙美莲,等.马铃薯膜下滴灌耗水规律的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(1):47-50.
[5] 刘战东, 肖俊夫,于秀琴.不同土壤水分处理对马铃薯生长指标、耗水量及产量的影响[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2010,(8):1-3.
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[7] 黄彩霞,施坰林.不同灌水量对加工型马铃薯产量及生态生理指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,(5):97-99.
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[9] 吴晓伟. 生育初期不同土壤水分对免耕稻草覆盖马铃薯产量及品质的影响[D]. 南宁:广西大学,2007.
[10] 赵宇慈,许丹,靳承煜,等.马铃薯块茎干物质、淀粉及还原糖含量的检测及相关性分析[J].现代食品科技,2017,33(10):288-293,280.
[11] 刘晓伟,孙万仓,张绪成.半干旱区全膜双垄沟播对马铃薯耗水规律的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2015,(4):35-39.
[12] 田爱武,韩学智,张燕,等.不同灌水次数对宁夏中部干旱区马铃薯的影响[J].宁夏大学学报(自然版),2016, 37(2):216-222.
[13] 李仕华, 贺军奇,赵宝峰.不同灌水定额条件下土壤含水率变化研究(英文)[J].安徽农业科学,2010, 38(7):3 607-3 610.
[14] 曹红霞, 康绍忠, 何华. 蒸发和灌水频率对土壤水分分布影响的研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2003,19(6):1-4.
[15] 王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌条件下马铃薯田的土壤水分调控方法[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(1):27-30.
[2] FABEIRO C, MARTIN DE SANTA OLALLA, DE JUANJ A. Yield and size of deficit irrigated potatoes[J]. Water Management, 2001,(48):255-266.
[3] 尹娟,邱小琮.宁夏中部干旱区马铃薯种薯耗水规律及水分效应研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2011,10(4):334-337.
[4] 秦军红, 庞保平,蒙美莲,等.马铃薯膜下滴灌耗水规律的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(1):47-50.
[5] 刘战东, 肖俊夫,于秀琴.不同土壤水分处理对马铃薯生长指标、耗水量及产量的影响[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2010,(8):1-3.
[6] 李文证,尹娟,马国成.水肥耦合对马铃薯干物质生产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2016,(10):15-19,24.
[7] 黄彩霞,施坰林.不同灌水量对加工型马铃薯产量及生态生理指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,(5):97-99.
[8] 夏腾霄,张胜,陈武兵,李反霞.不同灌水量对膜下滴灌马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(1):23-27.
[9] 吴晓伟. 生育初期不同土壤水分对免耕稻草覆盖马铃薯产量及品质的影响[D]. 南宁:广西大学,2007.
[10] 赵宇慈,许丹,靳承煜,等.马铃薯块茎干物质、淀粉及还原糖含量的检测及相关性分析[J].现代食品科技,2017,33(10):288-293,280.
[11] 刘晓伟,孙万仓,张绪成.半干旱区全膜双垄沟播对马铃薯耗水规律的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2015,(4):35-39.
[12] 田爱武,韩学智,张燕,等.不同灌水次数对宁夏中部干旱区马铃薯的影响[J].宁夏大学学报(自然版),2016, 37(2):216-222.
[13] 李仕华, 贺军奇,赵宝峰.不同灌水定额条件下土壤含水率变化研究(英文)[J].安徽农业科学,2010, 38(7):3 607-3 610.
[14] 曹红霞, 康绍忠, 何华. 蒸发和灌水频率对土壤水分分布影响的研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2003,19(6):1-4.
[15] 王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌条件下马铃薯田的土壤水分调控方法[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(1):27-30.