两种土壤质地麦田贮水量与表层土壤水分的关系
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摘要
为探明不同土壤质地麦田一定深度土层土壤贮水量与表层土壤含水量的数量关系,2013-2016年度分别于粉壤土和砂壤土地块,在冬小麦生育期间通过设置不同的补灌时期和拟湿润层深度实施补充灌溉,创造不同生育时期0~200cm土层土壤贮水量及其纵向分布的差异,分析一定深度土层土壤贮水量与表层土壤含水量的关系,建立相关方程,并对关系方程的预测精确度进行检验。结果表明,冬前期、拔节期和开花期补灌前或补灌后,粉壤土地块0~20和0~40cm土层土壤含水量与0~100和0~200cm土层土壤贮水量均呈极显著正相关;砂壤土地块0~20和0~40cm土层土壤含水量与0~100cm土层土壤贮水量呈极显著正相关,与0~200cm土层土壤贮水量无显著线性相关关系。在粉壤土地块利用0~20和0~40cm土层土壤含水量预测0~100和0~200cm土层土壤贮水量,模拟效果均较好。在砂壤土地块,利用0~20和0~40cm土层土壤含水量预测0~100cm土层土壤贮水量,模拟效果一般或差,较难以准确预测0~200cm土层土壤贮水量。冬小麦生长季内灌水对0~20和0~40cm土层土壤含水量与0~100和0~200cm土层土壤贮水量的相关性没有显著影响,但改变了数量关系方程和决定系数的大小。土壤质地对表层土壤含水量与一定深度土层土壤贮水量的相关关系影响较大,在土壤墒情预测中应区别对待。
The objective of the experiment is to explore the quantitative relation between soil water storage in a certain soil depth and soil water content in the surface layer in different soil texture wheat fields.The experiment was carried out from 2013 to 2016,in the powder loam and sandy loam field,with setting up the supplemental irrigation(SI)period and the depth of plan wetting soil layer to make the differences of soil water storage and its vertical distribution in the 0-200 cm soil layer during the growing season of winter wheat.The relationship between soil water storage in a certain soil depth and soil water content in the surface layer was analyzed to establish the relation equation.The prediction accuracy of these relation equations were also examined.The results showed that before or after SI at pre-winter,jointing and anthesis,there was significant and positive correlation between the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers and the soil water storage in the 0-100 and0-200 cm soil layers in the powder loam plots.There was also significant and positive correlation be-tween the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers and the soil water storage in the0-100 cm soil layer.But no significant linear correlation was obtained between the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers and the soil water storage in the 0-200 cm soil layer in the sandy loam plots.In the powder loam plots,the accuracy of the simulated results of the soil water storage in the 0-100 and 0-200 cm soil layers predicted by the soil water content in the 0-20 and0-40 cm soil layers was better.In the sandy loam plots,the accuracy of the simulated results of the soil water storage in the 0-100 cm soil layer predicted by the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers was ordinary or poor.It is more difficult to accurately predict the soil water storage in the 0-200 cm layer.In summary,SI during the growing season of winter wheat has no significant influence on the correlation between the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers and the soil water storage in the 0-100 and 0-200 cm soil layers.However,it changed their relation equations and coefficients of determination.Soil texture has a great influence on the correlation between the soil water storage in a certain soil depth and the soil water content in the surface layer.It should be treated differently in the prediction of soil moisture.
The objective of the experiment is to explore the quantitative relation between soil water storage in a certain soil depth and soil water content in the surface layer in different soil texture wheat fields.The experiment was carried out from 2013 to 2016,in the powder loam and sandy loam field,with setting up the supplemental irrigation(SI)period and the depth of plan wetting soil layer to make the differences of soil water storage and its vertical distribution in the 0-200 cm soil layer during the growing season of winter wheat.The relationship between soil water storage in a certain soil depth and soil water content in the surface layer was analyzed to establish the relation equation.The prediction accuracy of these relation equations were also examined.The results showed that before or after SI at pre-winter,jointing and anthesis,there was significant and positive correlation between the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers and the soil water storage in the 0-100 and0-200 cm soil layers in the powder loam plots.There was also significant and positive correlation be-tween the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers and the soil water storage in the0-100 cm soil layer.But no significant linear correlation was obtained between the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers and the soil water storage in the 0-200 cm soil layer in the sandy loam plots.In the powder loam plots,the accuracy of the simulated results of the soil water storage in the 0-100 and 0-200 cm soil layers predicted by the soil water content in the 0-20 and0-40 cm soil layers was better.In the sandy loam plots,the accuracy of the simulated results of the soil water storage in the 0-100 cm soil layer predicted by the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers was ordinary or poor.It is more difficult to accurately predict the soil water storage in the 0-200 cm layer.In summary,SI during the growing season of winter wheat has no significant influence on the correlation between the soil water content in the 0-20 and 0-40 cm soil layers and the soil water storage in the 0-100 and 0-200 cm soil layers.However,it changed their relation equations and coefficients of determination.Soil texture has a great influence on the correlation between the soil water storage in a certain soil depth and the soil water content in the surface layer.It should be treated differently in the prediction of soil moisture.
引文
[1]邓振镛,张强,王强,等.黄土高原旱塬区土壤贮水量对冬小麦产量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(18):5281.DENG Z Y,ZHANG Q,WANG Q,et al.Influence of water storage capacity on yield of winter wheat in dry farming area in the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(18):5281.
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[3]陈怀亮,冯定原,邹春辉,等.用遥感资料估算深层土壤水分的方法和模型[J].应用气象学报,1999,10(2):231.CHEN H L,FENG D Y,ZOU C H,et al.Methods and models for estimating deep soil moisture using remote sensing data[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1999,10(2):231.
[4]陈有君,红梅,李绍良,等.浑善达克沙地不同植被下的土壤水分状况[J].干旱地区资源与环境,2004,18(1):68.CHEN Y J,HONG M,LI S L,et al.Soil moisture status under different vegetation in Hunshandake Sandy Land[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2004,18(1):68.
[5]刘长民,赵凡衍.旱地农田土壤水分含量变化特征研究[J].西北林学院学报,1995,10(A01):148.LIU C M,ZHAO F Y.Study on characteristics of soil moisture content in dryland farmland[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry College,1995,10(A01):148.
[6]李红,周连第,张有山.北京郊区平原粮田土壤水分垂直变异特征[J].华北农学报,2002,17(2):82.LI H,ZHOU L D,ZHANG Y S.Vertical variation of soil moisture in grain field of Beijing Suburb Plain[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2002,17(2):82.
[7]MAHMOOD R,HUBBARD K G.Relationship between soil moisture of near surface and multiple depths of the root zone under heterogeneous land uses and varying hydroclimatic conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,2007,21(25):3449.
[8]马志昂.基于遥感的黄河源区土壤水分时空格局及其影响因子研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016:1-2.MA Z A.Study on temporal-spatial pattern and influencing factors of soil moisture based on remote sensing in the source region of Yellow River[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2016:1-2.
[9]鲍乾,梁建发,王棋,等.花江喀斯特石漠化区不同经济型植物的土壤蓄水特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):18.BAO Q,LIANG J F,WANG Q,et al.Characteristics of soil water storage under different eco-vegetation types in Huajiang Karst Rocky Desertification[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(1):18.
[10]张丽丽.土壤水分垂直方向相关性研究和动态预报[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2007:1-2.ZHANG L L.Study on vertical correlation and forecasting of soil moisture[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2007:1-2.
[11]袁念念,彭虹,黄介生,等.棉田控制排水土壤含水量预测[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2011,44(4):445.YUAN N N,PENG H,HUANG J S,et al.Cotton field soil water content prediction in controlled drainage[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2011,44(4):445.
[12]赵忠,李剑,袁志发,等.黄土沟坡刺槐林地土壤水分垂直变化的数学模型[J].林业科学,2009,45(10):9.ZHAO Z,LI J,YUAN Z F,et al.A model used to describe vertical change of soil moisture of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations growing in the loess gully slope[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2009,45(10):9.
[13]王振凤,郭忠升,郭满才,等.黄土丘陵区柠条林地土壤水分垂直变化[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):71.WANG Z F,GUO Z S,GUO M C,et al.Vertical variations of soil water in shrubland of Caragana Microphylla in hilly and gully areas of Loess Plateau[J].Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(6):71.
[14]解文艳,樊贵盛.土壤质地对土壤入渗能力的影响[J].太原理工大学学报,2004,35(5):537.XIE W Y,FAN G S.Influence of soil structure on infiltration characteristics in field soils[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2004,35(5):537.
[15]贾芳,樊贵盛.土壤质地与田间持水率关系的研究[J].山西水土保持科技,2007(3):17.JIA F,FAN G S.The study of the relationship between soil texture and water-holding capacity[J].Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology in Shanxi,2007(3):17.
[16]李潮海,李胜利,王群,等.不同质地土壤对玉米根系生长动态的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(9):1334.LI C H,LI S L,WANG Q,et al.Effect of different textural soils on root dynamic growth in corn[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(9):1334.
[17]熊毅,李庆逵.中国土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,1978:329-335.XIONG Y,LI Q K.China soil[M].Beijing:Science Press,1978:329-335.
[18]秦耀东.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:7.QIN Y D.Soil physics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2003:7.
[19]WANG D,YU Z W.PHILIP J W.The effect of supplemental irrigation after jointing on leaf senescence and grain filling in wheat[J].Field Crops Research,2013,151(9):35.
[20]山东农业大学.小麦专用微喷带[P]:中国,201220356553.7.2013-02-06.Shandong Agricultural University.Micro-sprinkling hose special for wheat[P].201220356553.7.2013-02-06.
[21]VILLALOBOS F J,HALL A J,RITCHIE J T,et al.1996,OIL-CROP-SUN:A development growth and yield model of the sunflower crop[J].Agronomy Joumal,1996,88:403.
[22]吕贻忠,李保国,胡克林,等.鄂尔多斯夏初不同地形土壤水分的空间变异[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(5):38.LY Z,LI B G,HU K L,et al.Spatial variability of soil water under different landform in Erdos Plateau at beginning of Summer[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2002,7(5):38.
[23]秦红灵,李春阳,高旺盛,等.北方农牧交错带干旱区保护性耕作对土壤水分的影响研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(6):22.QIN H L,LI C Y,GAO W S,et al.Study on the effect of conservation tillage on soil moisture in the dry area of the intersections of northern farming and pastoral areas[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2005,23(6):22.
[24]王国玉,池宝亮,李娜娜,等.晋南旱塬地农田土壤水分动态及预测模拟[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(10):1106.WANG G Y,CHI B L,LI N N,et al.Study on dynamics of soil moisture in dryland of the south of Shanxi Province and its simulation model[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(10):1106.
[25]郭庆春,何振芳.基于人工神经网络的土壤含水量预报模型[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(8):892.GUO Q C,HE Z F.Forecast model of soil water content based on Artificial Neural Network[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(8):892.
[26]杨静敬,蔡焕杰,王松鹤,等.杨凌区浅层土壤水分与深层土壤水分的关系研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3):53.YANG J J,CAI H J,WANG S H,et al.Study on the relationship between shallow soil moisture and deep soil moisture in Yangling District[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2010,28(3):53.
[27]LI X P,CHANG S X,SALIFU K F.Soil texture and layering effects on water and salt dynamics in the presence of a water table:A review[J].Environmental Reviews,2014,22(1):1.
[28]温美丽,刘宝元,魏欣,等.冻融作用对东北黑土容重的影响[J].土壤通报,2009,40(3):492.WEN M L,LIU B Y,WEI X,et al.Impact of freezing and thawing on bulk density of black soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(3):492.
[29]SIYAL A A,SKAGGS T H.Measured and simulated soil wetting patterns under porous clay pipe sub-surface irrigation[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,96(6):893.
[2]林祥,王东,谷淑波.播种期补灌对土壤含水量和小麦籽粒产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(12):1700.LIN X,WANG D,GU S B.Effects of supplemental irrigation at sowing stage on soil moisture and grain yield of wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2015,35(12):1700.
[3]陈怀亮,冯定原,邹春辉,等.用遥感资料估算深层土壤水分的方法和模型[J].应用气象学报,1999,10(2):231.CHEN H L,FENG D Y,ZOU C H,et al.Methods and models for estimating deep soil moisture using remote sensing data[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1999,10(2):231.
[4]陈有君,红梅,李绍良,等.浑善达克沙地不同植被下的土壤水分状况[J].干旱地区资源与环境,2004,18(1):68.CHEN Y J,HONG M,LI S L,et al.Soil moisture status under different vegetation in Hunshandake Sandy Land[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2004,18(1):68.
[5]刘长民,赵凡衍.旱地农田土壤水分含量变化特征研究[J].西北林学院学报,1995,10(A01):148.LIU C M,ZHAO F Y.Study on characteristics of soil moisture content in dryland farmland[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry College,1995,10(A01):148.
[6]李红,周连第,张有山.北京郊区平原粮田土壤水分垂直变异特征[J].华北农学报,2002,17(2):82.LI H,ZHOU L D,ZHANG Y S.Vertical variation of soil moisture in grain field of Beijing Suburb Plain[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2002,17(2):82.
[7]MAHMOOD R,HUBBARD K G.Relationship between soil moisture of near surface and multiple depths of the root zone under heterogeneous land uses and varying hydroclimatic conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,2007,21(25):3449.
[8]马志昂.基于遥感的黄河源区土壤水分时空格局及其影响因子研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016:1-2.MA Z A.Study on temporal-spatial pattern and influencing factors of soil moisture based on remote sensing in the source region of Yellow River[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2016:1-2.
[9]鲍乾,梁建发,王棋,等.花江喀斯特石漠化区不同经济型植物的土壤蓄水特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):18.BAO Q,LIANG J F,WANG Q,et al.Characteristics of soil water storage under different eco-vegetation types in Huajiang Karst Rocky Desertification[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(1):18.
[10]张丽丽.土壤水分垂直方向相关性研究和动态预报[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2007:1-2.ZHANG L L.Study on vertical correlation and forecasting of soil moisture[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2007:1-2.
[11]袁念念,彭虹,黄介生,等.棉田控制排水土壤含水量预测[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2011,44(4):445.YUAN N N,PENG H,HUANG J S,et al.Cotton field soil water content prediction in controlled drainage[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2011,44(4):445.
[12]赵忠,李剑,袁志发,等.黄土沟坡刺槐林地土壤水分垂直变化的数学模型[J].林业科学,2009,45(10):9.ZHAO Z,LI J,YUAN Z F,et al.A model used to describe vertical change of soil moisture of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations growing in the loess gully slope[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2009,45(10):9.
[13]王振凤,郭忠升,郭满才,等.黄土丘陵区柠条林地土壤水分垂直变化[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):71.WANG Z F,GUO Z S,GUO M C,et al.Vertical variations of soil water in shrubland of Caragana Microphylla in hilly and gully areas of Loess Plateau[J].Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(6):71.
[14]解文艳,樊贵盛.土壤质地对土壤入渗能力的影响[J].太原理工大学学报,2004,35(5):537.XIE W Y,FAN G S.Influence of soil structure on infiltration characteristics in field soils[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2004,35(5):537.
[15]贾芳,樊贵盛.土壤质地与田间持水率关系的研究[J].山西水土保持科技,2007(3):17.JIA F,FAN G S.The study of the relationship between soil texture and water-holding capacity[J].Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology in Shanxi,2007(3):17.
[16]李潮海,李胜利,王群,等.不同质地土壤对玉米根系生长动态的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(9):1334.LI C H,LI S L,WANG Q,et al.Effect of different textural soils on root dynamic growth in corn[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(9):1334.
[17]熊毅,李庆逵.中国土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,1978:329-335.XIONG Y,LI Q K.China soil[M].Beijing:Science Press,1978:329-335.
[18]秦耀东.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:7.QIN Y D.Soil physics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2003:7.
[19]WANG D,YU Z W.PHILIP J W.The effect of supplemental irrigation after jointing on leaf senescence and grain filling in wheat[J].Field Crops Research,2013,151(9):35.
[20]山东农业大学.小麦专用微喷带[P]:中国,201220356553.7.2013-02-06.Shandong Agricultural University.Micro-sprinkling hose special for wheat[P].201220356553.7.2013-02-06.
[21]VILLALOBOS F J,HALL A J,RITCHIE J T,et al.1996,OIL-CROP-SUN:A development growth and yield model of the sunflower crop[J].Agronomy Joumal,1996,88:403.
[22]吕贻忠,李保国,胡克林,等.鄂尔多斯夏初不同地形土壤水分的空间变异[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(5):38.LY Z,LI B G,HU K L,et al.Spatial variability of soil water under different landform in Erdos Plateau at beginning of Summer[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2002,7(5):38.
[23]秦红灵,李春阳,高旺盛,等.北方农牧交错带干旱区保护性耕作对土壤水分的影响研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(6):22.QIN H L,LI C Y,GAO W S,et al.Study on the effect of conservation tillage on soil moisture in the dry area of the intersections of northern farming and pastoral areas[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2005,23(6):22.
[24]王国玉,池宝亮,李娜娜,等.晋南旱塬地农田土壤水分动态及预测模拟[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(10):1106.WANG G Y,CHI B L,LI N N,et al.Study on dynamics of soil moisture in dryland of the south of Shanxi Province and its simulation model[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(10):1106.
[25]郭庆春,何振芳.基于人工神经网络的土壤含水量预报模型[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(8):892.GUO Q C,HE Z F.Forecast model of soil water content based on Artificial Neural Network[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(8):892.
[26]杨静敬,蔡焕杰,王松鹤,等.杨凌区浅层土壤水分与深层土壤水分的关系研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3):53.YANG J J,CAI H J,WANG S H,et al.Study on the relationship between shallow soil moisture and deep soil moisture in Yangling District[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2010,28(3):53.
[27]LI X P,CHANG S X,SALIFU K F.Soil texture and layering effects on water and salt dynamics in the presence of a water table:A review[J].Environmental Reviews,2014,22(1):1.
[28]温美丽,刘宝元,魏欣,等.冻融作用对东北黑土容重的影响[J].土壤通报,2009,40(3):492.WEN M L,LIU B Y,WEI X,et al.Impact of freezing and thawing on bulk density of black soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(3):492.
[29]SIYAL A A,SKAGGS T H.Measured and simulated soil wetting patterns under porous clay pipe sub-surface irrigation[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,96(6):893.