西藏喜马拉雅山荆子生态地理分布及表型遗传多样性研究
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摘要
【目的】研究西藏喜马拉雅山荆子生态地理分布及表型遗传多样性。【方法】实地调查及采样研究方法相结合。【结果】西藏喜马拉雅山荆子[Malus rockii Rehd.(M.baccata var.himalaica(Maxim.)Schneid.)]野生居群集中分布区位于北纬28°39'~30°35',东经92°09'~95°12,海拔2800~3300 m,呈带状分布于雅鲁藏布江、尼洋河及其支流的两岸冲积土形成的河床半湿地,或河岸的阔叶林缘或针阔叶混交林缘,处于原始野生状态。调查山荆子自然变异类型表明:树龄最大400年生以上,80~140年生的占35.73%;自然授粉坐果率高,花序坐果3~8个;西藏高海拔区的山荆子无论是果色、果柄长度、果形及果实大小都存在多样性。【结论】结合河流走向、地貌特征、树龄分布及国内外研究进展等分析推断:喜马拉雅山荆子经多年演化、筛选、淘汰形成独特的群体,可能为山荆子组的地理亚中心。
【Objective】The ecological geographical distribution and genetic diversity of phenotypic of ‘Malus rockii Rehd. 'in Tibet were studied.【Method】Ways of field survey and sampling research on Malus rockii Rehd. were adopted.【Result】The concentrated distribution area of its wild population was located at 28°39'-30°35' N,92°09'-95°12'E,with altitude from 2800 m to 3300 m,covering the halfmoisture land formed by the alluvial soil at the both sides of The Yarlung Tsangpo River,Niyang River and its branch with zonal distribution,or in the broad-leaved forest margins and broad-leaved mixed forest with a wild state. Different types of natural variation were tested,showing that the oldest tree was 400 years old or above,and individuals whose age were 80-140 years old accounted for 35. 73 %; it has a high fruiting rate with natural pollination,3-8 fruits per inflorescence; the fruit color,length of fruit stalk,fruit shape and fruit size of Malus rockii Rehd. in high altitude area of Tibet were all diverse. 【Conclusion】With the trend of river and geomorphological features,age distribution and the domestic and foreign research progress,after years of evolution,selection and elimination,Malus rockii Rehd. had formed a unique group,and it may be the geographical sub center of M. baccata group.
【Objective】The ecological geographical distribution and genetic diversity of phenotypic of ‘Malus rockii Rehd. 'in Tibet were studied.【Method】Ways of field survey and sampling research on Malus rockii Rehd. were adopted.【Result】The concentrated distribution area of its wild population was located at 28°39'-30°35' N,92°09'-95°12'E,with altitude from 2800 m to 3300 m,covering the halfmoisture land formed by the alluvial soil at the both sides of The Yarlung Tsangpo River,Niyang River and its branch with zonal distribution,or in the broad-leaved forest margins and broad-leaved mixed forest with a wild state. Different types of natural variation were tested,showing that the oldest tree was 400 years old or above,and individuals whose age were 80-140 years old accounted for 35. 73 %; it has a high fruiting rate with natural pollination,3-8 fruits per inflorescence; the fruit color,length of fruit stalk,fruit shape and fruit size of Malus rockii Rehd. in high altitude area of Tibet were all diverse. 【Conclusion】With the trend of river and geomorphological features,age distribution and the domestic and foreign research progress,after years of evolution,selection and elimination,Malus rockii Rehd. had formed a unique group,and it may be the geographical sub center of M. baccata group.
引文
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[2]刘孟军.中国野生果树[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[3]李育农.苹果属植物种质资源研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[4]成明昊,张云贵,李晓林.苹果属植物区系地理学研究[J].园艺学报,2002,27(S):469-474.
[5]王力荣.我国果树种质资源科技基础性工作30年回顾与发展建议[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(3):343-349.
[6]樊卫国.贵州苹果属植物资源调查报告[J].贵州农学院学报,1990,9(1):93-98.
[7]江宁拱.苹果属植物的起源中心初探[J].西南农业大学学报,1986(1):93-97.
[8]李育农.世界苹果和苹果属植物基因中心的研究初报[J].园艺学报,1989,16(S):101-107.
[9]俞德浚.蔷薇科植物的起源和进化[J].植物分类学报,1984(6):431-444.
[10]李育农.现代世界苹果属植物分类新体系刍议[J].果树科学,1996,13(S):82-92.
[11]中国农科院郑州果树所.果树砧木论文集[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1985:236.
[12]宗学普,段玉春,左宜泽.西藏昌都地区果树资源[J].作物品种资源,1983(9):25-33.
[13]李晓林,郭启高,梁国鲁,等.四川省凉山州丽江山荆子的分布及多样性研究[J].西南大学学报,2012,34(10):60-64.