湿加松无性系表型遗传多样性研究
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摘要
以35个湿加松(Pinus elliottii×P. caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis)无性系为试验材料,对其8个表型性状进行相关性分析、聚类分析及主成分分析研究,并深入探讨了遗传多样性水平,为湿加松无性系利用及良种选育提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)生长性状变异系数介于12. 31～29. 28%,均值为22. 90%;多样性指数介于1. 61～1. 80,均值为1. 69。形质性状变异系数介于13. 34～47. 25%,均值为26. 86%;多样性指数介于1. 50～1. 94,均值为1. 77。表明湿加松无性系遗传变异较为丰富,遗传多样性水平较高。(2) 8对表型性状两两间有11对呈极显著正相关,5对呈显著正相关。选定材积为该材料育种选择的主要指标,其次为树高。(3)采用系统聚类法在欧式距离为12的时候将35个无性系分为6大类群,部分来源相同或父本相同的聚为一类,说明它们在表型上的变异较小。(4)针对8个表型性状做主成分分析提取了3个主成分,累积贡献率达86. 00%,主要代表了6个性状,以此来表达所有供试材料的综合变异情况。
Thirty-five Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis clones were used as experimental materials,and correlation analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed on eight phenotypic traits to explore genetic diversity level. The level of genetic diversity was discussed to provide scientific basis for the utilization of P. elliottii × P. caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis clones and breeding of improved varieties. The results showed that:(1) The coefficient of variation of growth traits ranged from12. 31%-29. 28%,the mean value was 22. 90%,and the diversity index ranged from 1. 61-1. 80 with an average of 1. 69. The coefficient of variation of shape traits was between 13. 34% and 47. 25%,the mean value was 26. 86,and the diversity index was between 1. 50 and 1. 94,with a mean value of 1. 77. The P. elliottii ×P. caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis clones was rich in genetic variation and high in genetic diversity.(2)Among the eight pairs of phenotypic traits,eleven pairs of trait correlations were extremely positively significant,and five pairs of them were positively significant. The selected volume was the main index for breeding selection of the material,followed by tree height.(3) When the Euclidean distance was 12,thirty-five clones were divided into six groups,and some of them come from the same source or the same male parent.(4) Three principal components were extracted from the principal component analysis of eight phenotypic traits,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 86. 00%,which mainly represented six traits,so as to express the comprehensive variation of all the tested materials.
Thirty-five Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis clones were used as experimental materials,and correlation analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed on eight phenotypic traits to explore genetic diversity level. The level of genetic diversity was discussed to provide scientific basis for the utilization of P. elliottii × P. caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis clones and breeding of improved varieties. The results showed that:(1) The coefficient of variation of growth traits ranged from12. 31%-29. 28%,the mean value was 22. 90%,and the diversity index ranged from 1. 61-1. 80 with an average of 1. 69. The coefficient of variation of shape traits was between 13. 34% and 47. 25%,the mean value was 26. 86,and the diversity index was between 1. 50 and 1. 94,with a mean value of 1. 77. The P. elliottii ×P. caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis clones was rich in genetic variation and high in genetic diversity.(2)Among the eight pairs of phenotypic traits,eleven pairs of trait correlations were extremely positively significant,and five pairs of them were positively significant. The selected volume was the main index for breeding selection of the material,followed by tree height.(3) When the Euclidean distance was 12,thirty-five clones were divided into six groups,and some of them come from the same source or the same male parent.(4) Three principal components were extracted from the principal component analysis of eight phenotypic traits,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 86. 00%,which mainly represented six traits,so as to express the comprehensive variation of all the tested materials.
引文
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18.刘雨.宁夏贺兰山杜松(Juniperus rigida)表型多样性与化感作用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.Liu Y.Phenotypic Diversity and allelopathic effects of Juniperus rigida in Helan mountain,Ningxia[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2011.
19.Kowalczyk J.Comparison of phenotypic and genetic selections in Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)single tree plot half-sib progeny tests[J].Dendrobiology,2005,53:45-56.
20.Hong Y P,Hipkins V D,Strauss S H.Chloroplast DNA diversity among trees,populations and species in the California closed-cone pines(Pinus radiata,Pinus muricata and Pinus attenuata)[J].Genetics,1993,135(4):1187-1196.
21.Kovaˇcevic'D,Nikolic'B,Mladenovic'-Drinic'S,et al.Genetic relationships among some Pinus,Picea and Abies species revealed by RAPD markers[J].Genetika,2013,45(2):493-502.
22.倪州献,白天道,蔡恒,等.马尾松基因组SSR标记在松属其他树种中的通用性分析[J].分子植物育种,2015,13(12):2811-2817.Ni Z X,Bai T D,Cai H,et al.The transferability of Pinus massoniana SSR in other Pinus species[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2015,13(12):2811-2817.
23.许玉兰,蔡年辉,陈诗,等.云南松天然群体遗传变异与生态因子的相关性[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1767-1775.Xu Y L,Cai N H,Chen S,et al.Relationships between the genetic diversity of Pinus yunnanensis Franch.Natural populations and ecological factors[J].Chinese Journal of E-cology,2016,35(7):1767-1775.
24.张悦,易雪梅,姬兰柱.从松属相关物种筛选红松微卫星标记及其种群遗传多样性分析[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(9):2307-2313.Zhang Y,Yi X M,Ji L Z.Screening of Pinus koraiensis microsatellite makers from relative species of Pinus and analysis of population genetic diversity[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(9):2307-2313.
25.陈家媛,靖晶,高嵩,等.草河口林场红松人工林遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].植物研究,2009,29(5):633-636.Chen J Y,Jing J,Gao S,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of Pinus koraiensis plantation in Cao Hekou forest farm by ISSR marker[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2009,29(5):633-636.
26.钟岁英,赵奋成,王炳新,等.湿加松无性系生长性状的遗传变异及选择效果研究初报[J].广东林业科技,2011,27(3):14-19.Zhong S Y,Zhao F C,Wang B X,et al.A primary study on the genetic variation and selection gain for growth traits of clones of Pinus elliottii var.elliottii×P.caribaea var.hondurensis[J].Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology,2011,27(3):14-19.
27.梁德洋,金允哲,赵光浩,等.50个红松无性系生长与木材性状变异研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(6):51-59.Liang D Y,Jin Y Z,Zhao G H,et al.Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(6):51-59.
28.李义良,赵奋成,李宪政,等.湿地松、加勒比松种质资源遗传多样性分析[J].广东林业科技,2014,30(6):9-14.Li Y L,Zhao F C,Li X Z,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of Pinus elliottii and P.caribaea germplasm resources[J].Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology,2014,30(6):9-14.
29.王丽侠,程须珍,王素华,等.中国绿豆核心种质资源在不同环境下的表型变异及生态适应性评价[J].作物学报,2014,40(4):739-744.Wang L X,Cheng X Z,Wang S H,et al.Adaptability and Phenotypic Variation of Agronomic Traits in mungbean core collection under different environments in China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(4):739-744.
30.李义良,赵奋成,吴惠姗,等.湿加松亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性分析[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(2):138-143.Li Y L,Zhao F C,Wu H S,et al.Relationship between growth traits heterosis and genetic distance among parents of Pinus elliottii×P.caribaea based on SSR molecular markers[J].Forest Research,2012,25(2):138-143.
2.湛江市林科所.加勒比松与湿地松杂交育种试验[J].广东林业科技,1994(4):23-27.Zhanjiang Forestry Institute.Cross breeding experiment of Pinus caribaea Morelet and Pinus elliottii[J].Forestry Science and Technology of Guandong Province,1994(4):23-27.
3.沈熙环,黄永权.广东省湿加松良种选育和推广进展[J].林业科技通讯,2008(1):74-75.Shen X H,Huang Y Q.Progress in breeding and extension of improved Pinus elliottii×P.caribaea varieties in Guangdong Province[J].Forest Science and Technology,2008(1):74-75.
4.万述伟,宋凤景,郝俊杰,等.271份豌豆种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(1):10-18.Wan S W,Song F J,Hao J J,et al.Genetic Diversity of agronomic traits in 271 Pea germplasm resources[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2017,18(1):10-18.
5.Shen Z.A study on the phenotypic genetic diversity of camellia germplasm resources in Macheng city[J].Asian Agricultural Research,2017,9(4):77-80.
6.蒋会兵,宋维希,矣兵,等.云南茶树种质资源的表型遗传多样性[J].作物学报,2013,39(11):2000-2008.Jiang H B,Song W X,Yi B,et al.Genetic Diversity of tea germplasm resources in Yunnan province based on phenotypic characteristics[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(11):2000-2008.
7.王海岗,贾冠清,智慧,等.谷子核心种质表型遗传多样性分析及综合评价[J].作物学报,2016,42(1):19-30.Wang H G,Jia G Q,Zhi H,et al.Phenotypic diversity evaluations of foxtail millet core collections[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(1):19-30.
8.代攀虹,孙君灵,何守朴,等.陆地棉核心种质表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(19):3694-3708.Dai P H,Sun J L,He S P,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits of core collection in upland cotton[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(19):3694-3708.
9.Kisua J,Mwikamba K,Makobe M,et al.Genetic diversity of sweet and grain sorghum populations using phenotypic markers[J].International Journal of Biosciences,2015,6(9):34-46.
10.王黎明,焦少杰,姜艳喜,等.不同来源甜高粱种质资源的表型遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(2):411-416.Wang L M,Jiao S J,Jiang Y X,et al.Genetic diversity analysis on sweet sorghum germplasm resources of different origins based on agronomical traits[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2014,15(2):411-416.
11.徐斌,彭莉霞,杨会肖,等.杜鹃红山茶叶片主要性状的遗传多样性分析[J].植物研究,2015,35(5):730-734.Xu B,Peng L X,Yang H X,et al.Genetic diversity analysis for leaf main traits of Camellia azalea[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2015,35(5):730-734.
12.李义良,赵奋成,林昌明,等.湿地松、加勒比松人工林优树选择研究[J].广东林业科技,2015,31(6):29-34.Li Y L,Zhao F C,Lin C M,et al.Selection of superior trees of Pinus elliottii and P.caribaea in Plantation[J].Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology,2015,31(6):29-34.
13.林元震.R与ASReml-R统计学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2017.Lin Y Z.R and ASReml-R statistics[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2017.
14.卢纹岱.SPSS统计分析:4版[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010.Lu W D.SPSS statistical analysis:4th ed[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2010.
15.张岩,王萍,赵清岩,等.籽用南瓜种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性及亲缘关系研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2010,31(4):34-39.Zhang Y,Wang P,Zhao Q Y,et al.Stuey of agronomic traits diversity and genetic relationship on germplasm resources of seed-used pumpkin[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010,31(4):34-39.
16.Campbell D R.Using phenotypic manipulations to study multivariate selection of floral trait associations[J].Annals of Botany,2009,103(9):1557-1566.
17.李斌,顾万春.松属植物遗传多样性研究进展[J].遗传,2003,25(6):740-748.Li B,Gu W C.Review on genetic diversity in Pinus[J].Heredity,2003,25(6):740-748.
18.刘雨.宁夏贺兰山杜松(Juniperus rigida)表型多样性与化感作用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.Liu Y.Phenotypic Diversity and allelopathic effects of Juniperus rigida in Helan mountain,Ningxia[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2011.
19.Kowalczyk J.Comparison of phenotypic and genetic selections in Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)single tree plot half-sib progeny tests[J].Dendrobiology,2005,53:45-56.
20.Hong Y P,Hipkins V D,Strauss S H.Chloroplast DNA diversity among trees,populations and species in the California closed-cone pines(Pinus radiata,Pinus muricata and Pinus attenuata)[J].Genetics,1993,135(4):1187-1196.
21.Kovaˇcevic'D,Nikolic'B,Mladenovic'-Drinic'S,et al.Genetic relationships among some Pinus,Picea and Abies species revealed by RAPD markers[J].Genetika,2013,45(2):493-502.
22.倪州献,白天道,蔡恒,等.马尾松基因组SSR标记在松属其他树种中的通用性分析[J].分子植物育种,2015,13(12):2811-2817.Ni Z X,Bai T D,Cai H,et al.The transferability of Pinus massoniana SSR in other Pinus species[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2015,13(12):2811-2817.
23.许玉兰,蔡年辉,陈诗,等.云南松天然群体遗传变异与生态因子的相关性[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1767-1775.Xu Y L,Cai N H,Chen S,et al.Relationships between the genetic diversity of Pinus yunnanensis Franch.Natural populations and ecological factors[J].Chinese Journal of E-cology,2016,35(7):1767-1775.
24.张悦,易雪梅,姬兰柱.从松属相关物种筛选红松微卫星标记及其种群遗传多样性分析[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(9):2307-2313.Zhang Y,Yi X M,Ji L Z.Screening of Pinus koraiensis microsatellite makers from relative species of Pinus and analysis of population genetic diversity[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(9):2307-2313.
25.陈家媛,靖晶,高嵩,等.草河口林场红松人工林遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].植物研究,2009,29(5):633-636.Chen J Y,Jing J,Gao S,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of Pinus koraiensis plantation in Cao Hekou forest farm by ISSR marker[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2009,29(5):633-636.
26.钟岁英,赵奋成,王炳新,等.湿加松无性系生长性状的遗传变异及选择效果研究初报[J].广东林业科技,2011,27(3):14-19.Zhong S Y,Zhao F C,Wang B X,et al.A primary study on the genetic variation and selection gain for growth traits of clones of Pinus elliottii var.elliottii×P.caribaea var.hondurensis[J].Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology,2011,27(3):14-19.
27.梁德洋,金允哲,赵光浩,等.50个红松无性系生长与木材性状变异研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(6):51-59.Liang D Y,Jin Y Z,Zhao G H,et al.Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(6):51-59.
28.李义良,赵奋成,李宪政,等.湿地松、加勒比松种质资源遗传多样性分析[J].广东林业科技,2014,30(6):9-14.Li Y L,Zhao F C,Li X Z,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of Pinus elliottii and P.caribaea germplasm resources[J].Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology,2014,30(6):9-14.
29.王丽侠,程须珍,王素华,等.中国绿豆核心种质资源在不同环境下的表型变异及生态适应性评价[J].作物学报,2014,40(4):739-744.Wang L X,Cheng X Z,Wang S H,et al.Adaptability and Phenotypic Variation of Agronomic Traits in mungbean core collection under different environments in China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(4):739-744.
30.李义良,赵奋成,吴惠姗,等.湿加松亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性分析[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(2):138-143.Li Y L,Zhao F C,Wu H S,et al.Relationship between growth traits heterosis and genetic distance among parents of Pinus elliottii×P.caribaea based on SSR molecular markers[J].Forest Research,2012,25(2):138-143.