不同颜色蝴蝶兰花瓣表皮细胞形态差异比较
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摘要
为探究不同颜色蝴蝶兰花瓣表皮细胞形态的差异性,采用扫描电子显微镜分别对8个不同颜色的纯色蝴蝶兰品种的花瓣中心部位(2个白色蝴蝶兰品种,3个黄绿色蝴蝶兰品种和3个紫红色蝴蝶兰品种)和4个有斑的蝴蝶兰品种(2个白底红斑的蝴蝶兰品种和2个黄底红斑的蝴蝶兰品种)的底色部位、斑色部位及底色与斑色相交部位分别进行观察对比,同时采用鲜切片浸泡在0.25%PEG溶液中观察有斑样品斑纹交界处的纵切面表皮细胞形状变化。结果发现,除2个白色品种的表皮细胞为乳突状外,其他品种的表皮细胞均为穹顶状。另外发现部分样品花瓣表皮存在少量气孔。结果表明,相同颜色不同品种的蝴蝶兰花瓣表皮细胞形状可能不同,但同一片花瓣不同颜色区域的表皮细胞结构则是相同的,说明花瓣颜色并不是影响蝴蝶兰花瓣表皮细胞形状的决定因素。以上不同颜色蝴蝶兰花瓣显微结构的观察比较,将对蝴蝶兰花色研究提供一定的参考。
This study designed to explore the relationship between flower color and petal epidermal cells shapein Phalaenopsis. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to explore the petal microstructure differencesof Phalaenopsis. According to the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart(RHSCC), flower color of 8 evenlycolored flowers was grouped into four classes: white, green-yellow, purple and purple-violet. In this research,evenly colored flowers, including two white samples, three green-yellow samples, two purple-violet samplesand one purple sample, four purple-blotched flowers with white ground color and yellow ground color werestudied using SEM, respectively. Three different parts, including yellow or white ground color parts, purpleblotch parts and the junction of the ground color and the over color, in the blotched flowers were observed. Inaddition, transverse section from the middle of the petal of the junction of the ground color and the over color ineach spotted flowers were taken using a sharp razor blade, soaked in 0.25% PEG solution which had anosmotic potential close to that of petal cells, and examined using a Zeiss microscope. The two white flowers hadsmall amount of pores in the petal epidermis of some samples. The epidermal cell shape of the same color fromdifferent varieties of Phalaenopsis petals may be different(papillate or dome), but the cell shape in differentcolor regions of the same petal is the same. These findings prove that flower color, no matter ground color orover color, is not the determinant factor of the petal epidermal cell shape in Phalaenopsis. The abovecomparison study of different color Phalaenopsis will provide some reference for the future research about colorin Phalaenopsis.
This study designed to explore the relationship between flower color and petal epidermal cells shapein Phalaenopsis. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to explore the petal microstructure differencesof Phalaenopsis. According to the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart(RHSCC), flower color of 8 evenlycolored flowers was grouped into four classes: white, green-yellow, purple and purple-violet. In this research,evenly colored flowers, including two white samples, three green-yellow samples, two purple-violet samplesand one purple sample, four purple-blotched flowers with white ground color and yellow ground color werestudied using SEM, respectively. Three different parts, including yellow or white ground color parts, purpleblotch parts and the junction of the ground color and the over color, in the blotched flowers were observed. Inaddition, transverse section from the middle of the petal of the junction of the ground color and the over color ineach spotted flowers were taken using a sharp razor blade, soaked in 0.25% PEG solution which had anosmotic potential close to that of petal cells, and examined using a Zeiss microscope. The two white flowers hadsmall amount of pores in the petal epidermis of some samples. The epidermal cell shape of the same color fromdifferent varieties of Phalaenopsis petals may be different(papillate or dome), but the cell shape in differentcolor regions of the same petal is the same. These findings prove that flower color, no matter ground color orover color, is not the determinant factor of the petal epidermal cell shape in Phalaenopsis. The abovecomparison study of different color Phalaenopsis will provide some reference for the future research about colorin Phalaenopsis.
引文
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[11]Heather M W,Beverley J G.Morphology and development of floral features recognized by pollinators[J].Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2007,1:147-158.
[12]Andrea Quintana,Jana Albrechtova,Robert J,et al.Anatomical and biochemical studies of anthocyanidins in flowers of Anagallismonelli L.(Primulaceae)hybrids[J].Scientia Horticulture,2007,112:413-421.
[13]岳娟.单子叶植物蓝色花花瓣表型观察与解剖结构研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2013:27-32.
[14]郭木桂.杜鹃花3个品种比较解剖学研究[J].现代农业科技,2010,10:182-185.
[15]王明超,杨青林,王春等.玫瑰花花瓣微观结构与水滴黏附性质的关系[J].高等学校化学学报,2011,32(7):1594-1597.
[16]郭素枝,邱栋梁,张明辉.白兰开花过程中花被片结构的变化与释香机理[J].热带作物学报,2006,27(4):34-40.
[17]范民.杜鹃花属映山红的解剖学研究及其系统学意义[J].南平师专学报,2007,24(4):145-149.
[18]Dimitrios Gkikas,Apostolos Argiropoulos,Sophia Rhizopoulou.Epidermal focusing of light and modelling of reflectance in floralpetals with conically shaped epidermal cells[J].Flora,2015,212:38-45.
[19]李佐,肖文芳,陈和明,等.蝴蝶兰花瓣的扫描电镜观察[J].中国观赏园艺研究进展,2014:180-184.
[20]李佐,肖文芳,陈和明,等.蝴蝶兰蜡质花与纸质花显微结构观察[J].园艺学报,2014,41(S):2754.
[21]林国辉,王育林,彭永宏.月季花瓣的扫描电镜观察[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001,3:106-110.
[22]刘逸泠,彭向永.非洲菊切花衰老相关的生理指标变化与花瓣电镜扫描观察[J].闽江学院学报,2010,31(5):108-112.
[23]郭素枝,高华娟,王湘平.含笑花被片发育和衰老过程中细胞超微结构的变化[J].电子显微学报,2009,28(5):467-472.
[24]张正勇,朱文学.牡丹的电镜观察及其干燥特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(5):118-121.
[25]肖媛,刘伟,汪艳,等.生物样品的扫描电镜制样干燥方法[J].实验室研究与探索,2013,32(5):45-53.
[2]广东省农业科学院花卉研究所,农业部科技发展中心,农业部植物新品种测试广州分中心.NY/T 2230—2012,植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南蝴蝶兰[S].北京,2012:9.
[3]Yu H,Goh C J.Molecular genetics of reproductive biology in orchids[J].Plant Physiology,2001,127:1390-1393.
[4]Lv F B,Yu N,Zhao X L,et al.Genetic diversity analysis of Phalaenopsis‘Frigdaas Oxford’using SRAP markers with reference to those genes responsible for variations in the pigmentation of petals and sepals[J].Journal of Horticultural Science&Biotechnology,2011,86(5):486-492.
[5]Miller R,Owens S J,R?rslett B.Plants and color:Flowers and pollination[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2011,43:282-294.
[6]Rasika G M,Adelheid R K,Teresita D A.Pigment distribution and epidermal cell shape in Dendrobium species and hybrids[J].Hort Science,2003,38(4):573-577.
[7]Qi Y Y,Lou Q,Li H B,et al.Anatomical and biochemical studies of bicolored flower development in Muscari latifolium[J].Protoplasma,2013,250(6):1273-1281.
[8]Noda K,Glover B J,Linstead P,Martin C.Flower color intensity depends on specialized cell shape controlled by a Myb-related transcription factor[J].Nature,1994,369(23):661-664.
[9]Holly Gorton,Thomas C Vogelmann.Effects of Epidermal Cell Shape and Pigmentation on Optical Properties of Anfirrhinum Petals at Visible and Ultraviolet Wavelengths[J].Plant Physiol,1996,112:879-8238.
[10]Adrian G D,Heather M W,Sarah E J A,et al.Mutations perturbing petal cell shape and anthocyanin synthesis influence bumblebee perception of Antirrhinum majus flower colour[J].Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2007,1:45-55.
[11]Heather M W,Beverley J G.Morphology and development of floral features recognized by pollinators[J].Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2007,1:147-158.
[12]Andrea Quintana,Jana Albrechtova,Robert J,et al.Anatomical and biochemical studies of anthocyanidins in flowers of Anagallismonelli L.(Primulaceae)hybrids[J].Scientia Horticulture,2007,112:413-421.
[13]岳娟.单子叶植物蓝色花花瓣表型观察与解剖结构研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2013:27-32.
[14]郭木桂.杜鹃花3个品种比较解剖学研究[J].现代农业科技,2010,10:182-185.
[15]王明超,杨青林,王春等.玫瑰花花瓣微观结构与水滴黏附性质的关系[J].高等学校化学学报,2011,32(7):1594-1597.
[16]郭素枝,邱栋梁,张明辉.白兰开花过程中花被片结构的变化与释香机理[J].热带作物学报,2006,27(4):34-40.
[17]范民.杜鹃花属映山红的解剖学研究及其系统学意义[J].南平师专学报,2007,24(4):145-149.
[18]Dimitrios Gkikas,Apostolos Argiropoulos,Sophia Rhizopoulou.Epidermal focusing of light and modelling of reflectance in floralpetals with conically shaped epidermal cells[J].Flora,2015,212:38-45.
[19]李佐,肖文芳,陈和明,等.蝴蝶兰花瓣的扫描电镜观察[J].中国观赏园艺研究进展,2014:180-184.
[20]李佐,肖文芳,陈和明,等.蝴蝶兰蜡质花与纸质花显微结构观察[J].园艺学报,2014,41(S):2754.
[21]林国辉,王育林,彭永宏.月季花瓣的扫描电镜观察[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001,3:106-110.
[22]刘逸泠,彭向永.非洲菊切花衰老相关的生理指标变化与花瓣电镜扫描观察[J].闽江学院学报,2010,31(5):108-112.
[23]郭素枝,高华娟,王湘平.含笑花被片发育和衰老过程中细胞超微结构的变化[J].电子显微学报,2009,28(5):467-472.
[24]张正勇,朱文学.牡丹的电镜观察及其干燥特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(5):118-121.
[25]肖媛,刘伟,汪艳,等.生物样品的扫描电镜制样干燥方法[J].实验室研究与探索,2013,32(5):45-53.